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Core cities of Japan

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Category of Japanese city

(Circle click-able)
■ ― Designated cities
■ ― Core cities
■ ― Special cities

Administrative divisions of Japan
Prefectural
Prefectures
Sub-prefectural
Subprefectures
Municipal
Designated cities Core cities Special cities Cities (List) Special wards (Tokyo) Towns Villages
Sub-municipal
Wards
v t e

Acore city (中核市,chūkakushi;Japanese pronunciation:[tɕɯː.ka.kɯ̥ꜜ.ɕi,-kaꜜ.kɯ̥-]^[1]) is a class or category ofJapanese cities. It is a localadministrative division created by the national government.^[2] Core cities are delegated many functions normally carried out byprefectural governments, but not as many asdesignated cities. To become a candidate for core city status, acity must have a population greater than 300,000 and an area greater than 100 square kilometers, although special exceptions may be made by order of the cabinet for cities with populations under 300,000 but over 200,000.^[3] After the abolition ofspecial city status on April 1, 2015, any city with a population above 200,000 may apply for core city status.^[4]

Application for designation is made by a city with the approval of both the city and prefectural assemblies.

History

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The term "core city" was created by the first clause of Article 252, Section 22 of theLocal Autonomy Law ofJapan.^[5]

List of core cities

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As of 1 April 2021, 62 cities have been designated core cities:^[4]

Name	Japanese	Area (km²)	Population (2012)	Date of designation	Region	Prefecture
Akashi	明石市	49.22	290,927	2018-04-01	Kansai	Hyōgo
Akita	秋田市	906.07	322,224	1997-04-01	Tōhoku	Akita
Amagasaki	尼崎市	49.77	451,353	2009-04-01	Kansai	Hyōgo
Aomori	青森市	824.61	297,348	2006-10-01	Tōhoku	Aomori
Asahikawa	旭川市	747.6	351,765	2000-04-01	Hokkaidō
Fukui	福井市	536.41	266,612	2019-04-01	Chūbu	Fukui
Fukushima	福島市	767.72	289,355	2018-04-01	Tōhoku	Fukushima
Fukuyama	福山市	518.14	462,144	1998-04-01	Chūgoku	Hiroshima
Funabashi	船橋市	85.62	610,492	2003-04-01	Kantō	Chiba
Gifu	岐阜市	203.60	412,718	1996-04-01	Chūbu	Gifu
Hachinohe	八戸市	305.56	241,613	2017-01-01	Tōhoku	Aomori
Hachiōji	八王子市	186.38	579,799	2015-04-01	Kantō	Tokyo
Hakodate	函館市	677.89	279,056	2005-10-01	Hokkaidō
Higashiōsaka	東大阪市	61.78	508,267	2005-04-01	Kansai	Osaka
Himeji	姫路市	534.43	536,218	1996-04-01	Kansai	Hyōgo
Hirakata	枚方市	65.08	407,997	2014-04-01	Kansai	Osaka
Ichinomiya	一宮市	113.82	379,654	2021-04-01	Chūbu	Aichi
Iwaki	いわき市	1,232.02	332,994	1999-04-01	Tōhoku	Fukushima
Kagoshima	鹿児島市	547.58	607,257	1996-04-01	Kyushu	Kagoshima
Kashiwa	柏市	114.74	404,863	2008-04-01	Kantō	Chiba
Kanazawa	金沢市	468.64	462,796	1996-04-01	Chūbu	Ishikawa
Kawagoe	川越市	109.13	345,361	2003-04-01	Kantō	Saitama
Kawaguchi	川口市	61.95	561,788	2018-04-01	Kantō	Saitama
Kōchi	高知市	309.22	342,568	1998-04-01	Shikoku	Kōchi
Kōfu	甲府市	212.47	197,318	2019-04-01	Chūbu	Yamanashi
Kōriyama	郡山市	757.20	331,140	1997-04-01	Tōhoku	Fukushima
Koshigaya	越谷市	60.24	328,079	2015-04-01	Kantō	Saitama
Kurashiki	倉敷市	355.63	477,086	2002-04-01	Chūgoku	Okayama
Kure	呉市	352.80	236,595	2016-04-01	Chūgoku	Hiroshima
Kurume	久留米市	229.96	301,821	2008-04-01	Kyushu	Fukuoka
Maebashi	前橋市	311.59	338,481	2009-04-01	Kantō	Gunma
Matsue	松江市	572.99	208,160	2018-04-01	Chūgoku	Shimane
Matsumoto	松本市	978.47	239,466	2021-04-01	Chūbu	Nagano
Matsuyama	松山市	429.40	516,823	2000-04-01	Shikoku	Ehime
Mito	水戸市	217.32	269,162	2020-04-01	Kantō	Ibaraki
Miyazaki	宮崎市	643.67	402,289	1998-04-01	Kyushu	Miyazaki
Morioka	盛岡市	886.47	299,734	2008-04-01	Tōhoku	Iwate
Naha	那覇市	39.98	321,695	2013-04-01	Kyushu	Okinawa
Nagano	長野市	834.81	380,581	1999-04-01	Chūbu	Nagano
Nagasaki	長崎市	240.71	440,911	1997-04-01	Kyushu	Nagasaki
Nara	奈良市	276.84	365,421	2002-04-01	Kansai	Nara
Neyagawa	寝屋川市	24.73	238,819	2019-04-01	Kansai	Osaka
Nishinomiya	西宮市	99.96	483,878	2008-04-01	Kansai	Hyōgo
Ōita	大分市	502.38	476,008	1997-04-01	Kyushu	Ōita
Okazaki	岡崎市	387.20	374,085	2003-04-01	Chūbu	Aichi
Ōtsu	大津市	464.51	339,469	2009-04-01	Kansai	Shiga
Sasebo	佐世保市	426.06	259,676	2016-04-01	Kyushu	Nagasaki
Shimonoseki	下関市	716.14	277,937	2005-10-01	Chūgoku	Yamaguchi
Suita	吹田市	36.11	357,917	2020-04-01	Kansai	Osaka
Takamatsu	高松市	375.41	420,356	1999-04-01	Shikoku	Kagawa
Takasaki	高崎市	459.16	371,820	2011-04-01	Kantō	Gunma
Takatsuki	高槻市	105.31	355,840	2003-04-01	Kansai	Osaka
Tottori	鳥取市	765.31	196,538	2018-04-01	Chūgoku	Tottori
Toyama	富山市	1,241.77	421,393	2005-04-01	Chūbu	Toyama
Toyohashi	豊橋市	261.86	375,804	1999-04-01	Chūbu	Aichi
Toyonaka	豊中市	36.38	390,457	2012-04-01	Kansai	Osaka
Toyota	豊田市	918.32	420,680	1998-04-01	Chūbu	Aichi
Utsunomiya	宇都宮市	416.85	513,722	1996-04-01	Kantō	Tochigi
Wakayama	和歌山市	210.25	368,684	1997-04-01	Kansai	Wakayama
Yamagata	山形市	381.58	254,519	2019-04-01	Tōhoku	Yamagata
Yao	八尾市	41.71	270,735	2018-04-01	Kansai	Osaka
Yokosuka	横須賀市	100.7	415,259	2001-04-01	Kantō	Kanagawa

Former core cities

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Name	Japanese	Area (km²)	Population	Date of designation	Date of reclassification	Region	Prefecture
Hamamatsu	浜松市	1,558.06	795,350	1996-04-01	2007-04-01 (Designated city)	Chūbu	Shizuoka
Kumamoto	熊本市	390.32	737,812	1996-04-01	2012-04-01 (Designated city)	Kyushu	Kumamoto
Niigata	新潟市	726.45	807,450	1996-04-01	2007-04-01 (Designated city)	Chūbu	Niigata
Okayama	岡山市	789.95	720,841	1996-04-01	2009-04-01 (Designated city)	Chūgoku	Okayama
Sagamihara	相模原市	328.91	720,986	2003-04-01	2010-04-01 (Designated city)	Kantō	Kanagawa
Sakai	堺市	149.82	833,544	1996-04-01	2006-04-01 (Designated city)	Kansai	Osaka
Shizuoka	静岡市	1,411.90	697,578	1996-04-01	2005-04-01 (Designated city)	Chūbu	Shizuoka

Scheduled to become a core city

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Name	Japanese	Area (km²)	Population (2012)	Scheduled date	Region	Prefecture
Chigasaki	茅ヶ崎市	35.71	236,222	2020-04-01	Kantō	Kanagawa
Fuji	富士市	244.95	253,455	TBD	Chūbu	Shizuoka
Kishiwada	岸和田市	72.68	198,615	2020-04-01	Kansai	Osaka
Odawara	小田原市	113.79	197,413	2020-04-01	Kantō	Kanagawa
Tsukuba	つくば市	283.72	216,221	TBD	Kantō	Ibaraki
Tokorozawa	所沢市	72.11	342,321	TBD	Kantō	Saitama
Yokkaichi	四日市市	206.44	307,599	2020 (aiming)	Kansai	Mie

Cities that meet the requirements but have not yet been nominated

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The following cities have populations greater than 200,000 but have not yet been nominated. (Special cities and cities planning to apply for core city status are not shown.)

Name	Japanese	Area (km²)	Population	Region	Prefecture
Ageo	上尾市	45.51	229,517	Kantō	Saitama
Chōfu	調布市	21.58	240,668	Kantō	Tokyo
Fuchū	府中市	29.43	260,891	Kantō	Tokyo
Fujisawa	藤沢市	69.57	420,254	Kantō	Kanagawa
Ichihara	市原市	368.17	274,117	Kantō	Chiba
Ichikawa	市川市	56.39	491,804	Kantō	Chiba
Machida	町田市	71.80	429,040	Kantō	Tokyo
Matsudo	松戸市	61.38	498,575	Kantō	Chiba
Nagareyama	流山市	35.28	211,620	Kantō	Chiba
Nishitokyo	西東京市	15.75	206,047	Kantō	Tokyo
Tokushima	徳島市	191	258,554	Shikoku	Tokushima
Tsu	津市	711.11	279,304	Kansai	Mie

References

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^Matsumura, Akira, ed. (5 September 2019).大辞林 (in Japanese) (4th ed.).Sanseidō.
^Web-Japan.org,"Local self-government", p. 3; retrieved 2012-11-28.
^日本財団図書館（電子図書館）ＲｅｖｉｓｅｄＬｏｃａｌＡｕｔｏｎｏｍｙＬａｗ.nippon.zaidan.info.
^^a ^b日本總務省 - 中核市・施行時特例市.soumo.go.jp (in Japanese).
^日本財団図書館（電子図書館）ＲｅｖｉｓｅｄＬｏｃａｌＡｕｔｏｎｏｍｙＬａｗ.nippon.zaidan.info.

External links

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"Japan's Evolving Nested Municipal Hierarchy: The Race for Local Power in the 2000s", by A. J. Jacobs atUrban Studies Research, Vol. 2011 (2011);doi:10.1155/2011/692764
"Large City System of Japan"Archived 2019-09-17 at theWayback Machine—graphic shows core cities compared with other Japanese city types at p. 1 (PDF p. 7 of 40)
"Growth in Second Tier Cities - Urban Policy Lessons from Japan"—briefing byCLAIR London on classes of Japanese cities (PDF)

Metropolitan cities ofJapan

Tokyo Metropolis	Special wards of Tokyo^※ Adachi Arakawa Bunkyō Chiyoda Chūō Edogawa Itabashi Katsushika Kita Kōtō Meguro Minato Nakano Nerima Ōta Setagaya Shibuya Shinagawa Shinjuku Suginami Sumida Toshima Taitō
Designated cities	Chiba^※ Fukuoka^※ Hamamatsu Hiroshima^※ Kawasaki Kitakyushu Kobe^※ Kumamoto^※ Kyoto^※ Nagoya^※ Niigata^※ Okayama^※ Osaka^※ Sagamihara Saitama^※ Sakai Sapporo^※ Sendai^※ Shizuoka^※ Yokohama^※
Core cities	Akashi Akita^※ Amagasaki Aomori^※ Asahikawa Fukui^※ Fukushima^※ Fukuyama Funabashi Gifu^※ Hachinohe Hachiōji Hakodate Higashiōsaka Himeji Hirakata Ichinomiya Iwaki Kagoshima^※ Kanazawa^※ Kashiwa Kawagoe Kawaguchi Kōchi^※ Kōfu^※ Kōriyama Koshigaya Kurashiki Kure Kurume Maebashi^※ Matsue^※ Matsumoto Matsuyama^※ Miyazaki^※ Mito^※ Morioka^※ Naha^※ Nagano^※ Nagasaki^※ Nara^※ Neyagawa Nishinomiya Ōita^※ Okazaki Ōtsu^※ Sasebo Shimonoseki Suita Takamatsu^※ Takasaki Takatsuki Tottori^※ Toyama^※ Toyohashi Toyonaka Toyota Utsunomiya^※ Wakayama^※ Yao Yamagata^※ Yokosuka
Special cities	Atsugi Chigasaki^☆ Fuji^☆ Hiratsuka Ibaraki Isesaki Jōetsu Kakogawa Kasugai Kasukabe Kishiwada^☆ Kumagaya Nagaoka Numazu Odawara^☆ Ōta Saga^※ Sōka Takarazuka Tokorozawa^☆ Tsukuba^☆ Yamato Yokkaichi^☆
Prefectural capitals without designation	Tsu Tokushima Yamaguchi