TheConvention of Mantua was an agreement signed byEugène de Beauharnais andHeinrich Graf von Bellegarde on 24 April 1814 that returned the territories of the NapoleonicKingdom of Italy to provisionalAustrian rule.
Napoleon created himselfKing of Italy on 17 March 1805, and he was crowned with theIron Crown of Lombardy inMilan on 26 May 1805. He made his stepson, Eugène de Beauharnais, Viceroy on 5 June 1805, and later hisheir presumptive to the Italian crown.
After being defeated by theSixth Coalition in 1813-14, Napoleon abdicated in favour of his sonNapoleon II, theKing of Rome, on 6 April 1814. He signed theTreaty of Fontainebleau on 11 April, under which he abdicated again, unconditionally, and was exiled toElba. Eugène found himself surrounded by hostile forces, with the main Austrian force advancing from the east, the British, Sicilians and more Austrians attacking fromGenoa, and forces from theKingdom of Naples commanded by its king,Joachim Murat, advancing from the south. TheAgreement of Schiarino-Rizzino [it] was agreed on 16 April outsideMantua, which enabled Eugène to keep control of his territory. Eugène attempted to have himself crowned as the new King of Italy, but he was opposed by the Senate of the Kingdom, and an insurrection in Milan on 20 April ended his hopes of taking the Italian crown.
Eugène signed the Convention of Mantua on 24 April, allowing the Austrian commander, Bellegarde, to cross theRiver Minco and occupy Milan, and northern Italy returned to Austrian rule on 27 April. Eugène retired toMunich, the capital of his father-in-law,Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria.
Austrian control ofLombardy andVenetia was confirmed by theCongress of Vienna, and the territories were joined as theKingdom of Lombardy–Venetia on 7 April 1815. ThePapal States were returned to thePope.