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Conus

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Genus of molluscs

This article is about the genus of snails. For the continguous area of the United States (CONUS), seeContiguous United States. For people with the surname "Conus", and other uses, seeConus (disambiguation).

Conus Temporal range:Eocene–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Apertural and abapertural views ofshell ofConus abbas
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Neogastropoda
Superfamily:	Conoidea
Family:	Conidae
Genus:	Conus Linnaeus,1758^[1]
Type species
Conus marmoreus Linnaeus,1758
Species
SeeList of Conus species
Synonyms^[1]
List AfonsoconusTucker & Tenorio, 2013 AfriconusPetuch, 1975 AfroconusPetuch, 1975 [lapsus] ArubaconusPetuch, 2013 AsprellaSchaufuss, 1869 AtlanticonusPetuch & Sargent, 2012 AttenuiconusPetuch, 2013 AustroconusTucker & Tenorio, 2009 BermudaconusPetuch, 2013 BrasiliconusPetuch, 2013 CalamiconusTucker & Tenorio, 2009 Calibanusda Motta, 1991 Cariboconus Petuch, 2003 Chelyconus Mörch, 1852 CleobulaIredale, 1930 Conasprella (Varioconus)da Motta, 1991 ConasprelloidesTucker & Tenorio, 2009 ContinuconusTucker & Tenorio, 2013 Conus (Afonsoconus)Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 Conus (Asprella)Schaufuss, 1869 Conus (Atlanticonus)Petuch & Sargent, 2012 Conus (Attenuiconus)Petuch, 2013 Conus (Austroconus)Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 Conus (Bermudaconus)Petuch, 2013 Conus (Brasiliconus)Petuch, 2013 Conus (Calibanus)da Motta, 1991 Conus (Chelyconus) Mörch, 1852 Conus (Conus) Linnaeus, 1758 Conus (Coronaxis) Swainson, 1840 Conus (Cylinder)Montfort, 1810 Conus (Cylindrella) Swainson, 1840 Conus (Darioconus)Iredale, 1930 Conus (Dauciconus)Cotton, 1945 Conus (Dendroconus)Swainson, 1840 Conus (Ductoconus)da Motta, 1991 Conus (Elisaconus)Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 Conus (Embrikena)Iredale, 1937 Conus (Eremiconus)Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 Conus (Eugeniconus)da Motta, 1991 Conus (Floraconus)Iredale, 1930 Conus (Fraterconus)Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 Conus (Fulgiconus)da Motta, 1991 Conus (Gastridium)Modeer, 1793 Conus (Genuanoconus)J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 Conus (Harmoniconus)da Motta, 1991 Conus (Hermes)Montfort, 1810 Conus (Kalloconus)da Motta, 1991 Conus (Kellyconus)Petuch, 2013 Conus (Kioconus)da Motta, 1991 Conus (Klemaeconus)Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 Conus (Lamniconus)da Motta, 1991 Conus (Lautoconus)Monterosato, 1923 Conus (Leporiconus)Iredale, 1930 Conus (Leptoconus)Swainson, 1840 Conus (Lindaconus)Petuch, 2002 Conus (Lithoconus) Mörch, 1852 Conus (Lividoconus)Wils, 1970 Conus (Magelliconus)da Motta, 1991 Conus (Malagasyconus)Monnier & Tenorio, 2015 Conus (Monteiroconus)da Motta, 1991 Conus (Papyriconus)Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 Conus (Phasmoconus) Mörch, 1852 Conus (Pionoconus) Mörch, 1852 Conus (Plicaustraconus)Moolenbeek, 2008 Conus (Pseudonoduloconus)Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 Conus (Pseudopterygia)Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 Conus (Puncticulis)Swainson, 1840 Conus (Purpuriconus)da Motta, 1991 Conus (Pyruconus)Olsson, 1967 Conus (Quasiconus)Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 Conus (Rhizoconus) Mörch, 1852 Conus (Rubroconus)Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 Conus (Sandericonus)Petuch, 2013 Conus (Sciteconus)da Motta, 1991 Conus (Splinoconus)da Motta, 1991 Conus (Spuriconus) Petuch, 2003 Conus (Stephanoconus) Mörch, 1852 Conus (Strategoconus)da Motta, 1991 Conus (Strioconus)Thiele, 1929 Conus (Tesselliconus)da Motta, 1991 Conus (Textilia)Swainson, 1840 Conus (Theliconus)Swainson, 1840 Conus (Turriconus)Shikama & Habe, 1968 Conus (Virgiconus)Cotton, 1945 Conus (Virroconus)Iredale, 1930 Conus (Vituliconus)da Motta, 1991 CornutoconusSuzuki, 1972 CoronaxisSwainson, 1840 Coronaxis (Cylindrella)Swainson, 1840 Coronaxis (Tuliparia)Swainson, 1840 CucullusRöding, 1798 CylinderMontfort, 1810 CylindrusBatsch, 1789 DarioconusIredale, 1930 DauciconusCotton, 1945 DendroconusSwainson, 1840 Dendroconus (Erythroconus)da Motta, 1991 Dendroconus (Harmoniconus)da Motta, 1991 Dendroconus (Ketyconus)da Motta, 1991 Dendroconus (Lithoconus)Mörch, 1852 Dendroconus (Sciteconus)da Motta, 1991 Dendroconus (Socioconus)da Motta, 1991 Dendroconus (Splinoconus)da Motta, 1991 Dendroconus (Strioconus)Thiele, 1929 Dendroconus (Tesselliconus)da Motta, 1991 Ductoconusda Motta, 1991 DyraspisIredale, 1949 ElisaconusTucker & Tenorio, 2013 EmbrikenaIredale, 1937 EremiconusTucker & Tenorio, 2009 Erythroconusda Motta, 1991 Eugeniconusda Motta, 1991 FloraconusIredale, 1930 Floraconus (Sciteconus)da Motta, 1991 FraterconusTucker & Tenorio, 2013 Fulgiconusda Motta, 1991 GastridiumModeer, 1793 GenuanoconusTucker & Tenorio, 2009 GladioconusTucker & Tenorio, 2009 Gradiconusda Motta, 1991 Graphiconusda Motta, 1991 Harmoniconusda Motta, 1991 HermesMontfort, 1810 Hermes (Heroconus)da Motta, 1991 Hermes (Hermes)da Motta, 1991 IsoconusTucker & Tenorio, 2013 Kalloconusda Motta, 1991 Kalloconus (Trovaoconus)) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 KellyconusPetuch, 2013 Ketyconusda Motta, 1991 Kioconusda Motta, 1991 Kioconus (Isoconus)J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 Kioconus (Ongoconus)da Motta, 1991 KlemaeconusTucker & Tenorio, 2013 Kurodaconus Shikama & Habe, 1968 Lamniconusda Motta, 1991 LautoconusMonterosato, 1923 Lautoconus (Lautoconus)Monterosato, 1923 LeporiconusIredale, 1930 LeptoconusSwainson, 1840 Leptoconus (Calibanus)da Motta, 1991 Leptoconus (Chelyconus)Mörch, 1852 Leptoconus (Gradiconus)da Motta, 1991 Leptoconus (Graphiconus)da Motta, 1991 Leptoconus (Lamniconus)da Motta, 1991 Leptoconus (Phasmoconus)Mörch, 1852 Leptoconus (Protoconus)da Motta, 1991 Leptoconus (Purpuriconus)da Motta, 1991 Leptoconus (Rhizoconus)Mörch, 1852 Leptoconus (Thoraconus)da Motta, 1991 LindaconusPetuch, 2002 Lithoconus Mörch, 1852 Lividiconus [lapsus] LividoconusWils, 1970 Magelliconusda Motta, 1991 MiliariconusTucker & Tenorio, 2009 MitraconusTucker & Tenorio, 2013 Monteiroconusda Motta, 1991 NataliconusTucker & Tenorio, 2009 NimboconusTucker & Tenorio, 2013 NitidoconusTucker & Tenorio, 2013 NubeculaHerrmanssen, 1847 PapyriconusTucker & Tenorio, 2013 Phasmoconus Mörch, 1852 Phasmoconus (Fulgiconus)da Motta, 1991 Phasmoconus (Graphiconus)da Motta, 1991 Phasmoconus (Phasmoconus)Mörch, 1852 PictoconusLimpalaër & Monnier, 2018 Pionoconus Mörch, 1852 PlicaustraconusMoolenbeek, 2008 PoremskiconusPetuch, 2013 Protoconusda Motta, 1991 (Invalid: junior homonym of Protoconus Yu, 1979 and Protoconus Stinchcomb, 1986; Tenorioconus is a replacement name) ProtostrioconusTucker & Tenorio, 2009 PseudohermesTucker & Tenorio, 2013 PseudonoduloconusTucker & Tenorio, 2009 PseudopterygiaTucker & Tenorio, 2013 PuncticulisSwainson, 1840 Purpuriconusda Motta, 1991 PyruconusOlsson, 1967 QuasiconusTucker & Tenorio, 2009 RegiconusIredale, 1930 Rhizoconus Mörch, 1852 RhombiconusTucker & Tenorio, 2009 RhombusMontfort, 1810(Invalid: junior homonym of Rhombus Walbaum, 1792 [Pisces]) RolaniconusTucker & Tenorio, 2009 RollusMontfort, 1810 RubroconusTucker & Tenorio, 2013 SandericonusPetuch, 2013 Sciteconusda Motta, 1991 Seminoleconus Petuch, 2003 Spuriconus Petuch, 2003 StellaconusTucker & Tenorio, 2009 Stephanoconus Mörch, 1852 Strategoconusda Motta, 1991 Strategoconus (Vituliconus)da Motta, 1991 StrioconusThiele, 1929 SulciconusBielz, 1869 TaranteconusAzuma, 1972 TenorioconusPetuch & Drolshagen, 2011 Tesselliconusda Motta, 1991 TextiliaSwainson, 1840 Textiliinaeda Motta, 1995 ThalassiconusTucker & Tenorio, 2013) Thoraconusda Motta, 1991 TrovaoconusTucker & Tenorio, 2009 TuckericonusPetuch, 2013 TurriconusShikama & Habe, 1968 Turriconus (Kurodaconus)Shikama & Habe, 1968 Turriconus (Mitraconus)J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 Turriconus (Turriconus)Shikama & Habe, 1968 UtriculusSchumacher, 1817 Varioconusda Motta, 1991 VirgiconusCotton, 1945 VirroconusIredale, 1930 Vituliconusda Motta, 1991

FossilConus pelagicus from the Pliocene of Cyprus

Conus is agenus of venomous and predatorycone snails.^[1] Prior to 2009, it included all cone snail species but is now more precisely defined.

Description

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The thick shell of species in the genusConussensu stricto, is obconic, with thewhorls enrolled upon themselves. The spire is short, smooth or tuberculated. The narrowaperture is elongated with parallel margins and is truncated at the base. Theoperculum is very small relative to the size of the shell. It is corneous, narrowly elongated, with an apical nucleus, and the impression of themuscular attachment varies from one-half to two-thirds of the inner surface. The outer lip shows a slight sutural sinus.^[2]

Distribution and habitat

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Species in the genusConussensu stricto can be found in the tropical and subtropical seas of the world, at depths ranging from thesublittoral (c. 200 m) to 1,000 m (656 to 3,280 ft). They are very variable in some of their characters, such as the tuberculation of thespire andbody whorl, striae, colors and the pattern of coloring.

The oldest known fossil ofConus is from the lowerEocene, about 55 million years ago.^[3]

References

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^^a ^b ^cBouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015). Conus Linnaeus, 1758. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species athttp://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137813 on 2015-11-12
^G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol. VI; Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences
^Duda, Thomas F. Jr.; Kohn, Alan J. (February 2005)."Species-level pylogeography and evolutionary history of the hyperdiverse marine gastropod genusConus".Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.34 (2). Abstract, Introduction.Bibcode:2005MolPE..34..257D.doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.09.012.PMID 15619440 – via Science Direct.

Röckel, D., Korn, W. & Kohn, A.J. 1995.Manual of the Living Conidae. Volume 1: Indo-Pacific Region. Wiesbaden : Hemmen 517 pp.
Filmer R.M. (2001).A Catalogue of Nomenclature and Taxonomy in the Living Conidae 1758 - 1998. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 388pp.
Tucker J.K. (2009).Recent cone species database. September 4, 2009 Edition
Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009)Systematic classification of Recent and fossil conoidean gastropods. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 296 pp
Monnier E., Limpalaër L., Robin A. & Roux C. (2018).A taxonomic iconography of living Conidae. Harxheim: ConchBooks. 2 vols. 1205 pp.page(s): 345
Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015).One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1-23

External links

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Media related toConus at Wikimedia Commons

Taxon identifiers
Conus	Wikidata:Q1247092 Wikispecies:Conus ADW:Conus AFD:Conus BOLD:1900 CoL:7NTGM GBIF:2303217 iNaturalist:56715 IRMNG:1304808 ITIS:75281 MNHN:conus NCBI:6490 NZOR:08d0de85-e6ae-4e32-817e-dbf893947555 Open Tree of Life:7743495 Paleobiology Database:10963 Plazi:631C138D-8F04-397A-E9E9-380A50B40375 WoRMS:137813 ZooBank:7A021829-C299-431A-AE8B-1FCE9BB8BE39