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Control Panel (Windows)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Component of Microsoft Windows and Windows Server
For other uses, seeControl panel.

Control Panel
Control Panel inWindows 11
Developer(s)Microsoft
Initial release1985; 40 years ago (1985)
Operating systemMicrosoft Windows
SuccessorSettings (Windows)
TypeControl panel

Control Panel is a component ofMicrosoft Windows that provides the ability to view and change system settings. It consists of a set of applets that include adding or removinghardware andsoftware, controllinguser accounts, changingaccessibility options, and accessing networking settings. Additional applets are provided by third parties, such as audio and video drivers, VPN tools, input devices, and networking tools.

Overview

[edit]

Control Panel has been part of Microsoft Windows sinceWindows 1.0,[1] with each successive version introducing new applets. Beginning withWindows 95, the Control Panel is implemented as aspecial folder, i.e. the folder does not physically exist, but only containsshortcuts to various applets such asAdd or Remove Programs andInternet Options. Physically, these applets are stored as.cpl files. For example, theAdd or Remove Programs applet is stored under the nameappwiz.cpl in theSYSTEM32 folder.

InWindows ME andXP, the Control Panel home screen was changed to present a categorized navigation structure reminiscent of navigating aweb page. Users can switch between thisCategory View and the grid-basedClassic View through an option that appears on either the left side or top of the window. InWindows Vista andWindows 7, additional layers of navigation were introduced, and the Control Panel window itself became the main interface for editing settings, as opposed to launching separate dialogs.

Many of the individual Control Panel applets can be accessed in other ways. For instance,Display Properties can be accessed by right-clicking on an empty area of the desktop and choosingProperties. The Control Panel can be accessed from a command prompt by typingcontrol; optional parameters are available to open specific control panels.[2]

OnWindows 10, Control Panel is deprecated in favor ofSettings app, which was originally introduced onWindows 8 as "PC settings" to provide a touchscreen-optimized settings area using itsMetro-style app platform. Some functions, particularly the ability to add and remove user accounts, were moved exclusively to this app on Windows 8 and cannot be performed from Control Panel.[3][4]

As of the October 2020 update to Windows 10, opening up theSystem applet in Control Panel will now redirect users to theAbout section of the Windows 10 Settings application. The page for the applet in Control Panel still exists even in current versions of Windows 10, however Microsoft is actively trying to block shortcuts and third party applications that could have been used to get into the oldSystem page, which could potentially lead to a permanent removal of said page from Control Panel in future versions of Windows.[citation needed]

List of Control Panel applets

[edit]

The applets listed below are components of theMicrosoft Windows control panel, which allows users to define a range of settings for theircomputer, monitor the status of devices such as printers and modems, and set up newhardware,programs andnetwork connections. Each applet is stored individually as a separate file (usually a .cpl file), folder orDLL, the locations of which are stored in theregistry under the following keys:

  1. HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Control Panel\Cpls
    This contains the string format locations of all .cpl files on the hard drive used within the control panel.
  2. HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\ControlPanel\Namespace
    This contains the location of theCLSID variables for all the panels not included as cpl files. These are commonly folders or shell applets, thoughWindows Vista allows physical programs themselves to be registered as well. The CLSID then allows items such as the icon, infobox and category to be set and gives the location of the file to be used.

The control panel then uses these lists to locate the applets and load them into the control panel program (control.exe) when started by the user. In addition to using the control panel, a user can also invoke the applets manually via thecommand processor. For instance, the syntax "Control.exe inetcpl.cpl" or "control.exe /name Microsoft.InternetOptions" will run the internet properties applet in Windows XP or Vista respectively. While both syntax examples are accepted on Windows Vista, only the former one is accepted on Windows XP.[5]

Standard applets

[edit]
Accessibility options(Access.cpl)(control /name microsoft.easeofaccesscenter)
(Renamed "Ease of Access Center" in Windows Vista and later)
Allows users to configure the accessibility of their PC. It comprises various settings primarily aimed at users with disabilities or hardware problems.
  • The behavior of thekeyboard can be modified, this is aimed at people who have difficulty pressing key-combinations, or pressing a key just once. (StickyKeys,FilterKeys andToggleKeys)
  • Behavior of sounds can be modified. (SoundSentry andShowSounds)
  • High contrast mode can be activated.
  • The keyboardcursor can be customized.
  • Thepointer can be controlled using the keyboard. (MouseKeys)

Note that in Windows Vista onwards, theEase of Access control panel superseded the oldaccess.cpl control panel applet found in previous versions.

Add New Hardware(hdwwiz.cpl)
Launches awizard which allows users to add new hardware devices to the system. This can be done by selecting from a list of devices or by specifying the location of the driverinstallation files.
Add or Remove Programs(appwiz.cpl)
(Renamed "Programs and Features" in Windows Vista and later)
The Add/Remove Programs dialog allows the user to manipulatesoftware installed on the system in a number of ways;
  • Allows users to uninstall and change existing software packages, as well as indicating how much space individual programs take and how frequently they are used.
  • Allows users to manually install software from aCD-ROM orfloppy disk, and install add-ons from Windows Update.
  • Allows users to change which Windows components are installed, via the Windows setup Wizard, which includesInternet Explorer,Windows Media Player andWindows Messenger
  • It allows users to specify the default applications for certain tasks, via the 'set program access and defaults' wizard, such as web browsers, media players and email programs and whether access to these programs is available (sinceWindows 2000 Professional Service Pack 3 andWindows XP Service Pack 1)
Administrative Tools(control admintools)
Contains tools for system administration, including security, performance and service configuration. These arelinks to various configurations of theMicrosoft Management Console such as thelocal services list and theEvent Viewer.
Automatic Updates(wuaucpl.cpl)
This is used to specify how theAutomatic Updates client (wuauclt.exe) should download updates from theMicrosoft Update Website, by default this is set todownload andinstall daily, however this can be changed to a more suitable frequency. This also allows the user to specify whether to ask permission before downloading and/or installing updates or to simply switch off Automatic Updates altogether.

Removed inWindows 10, and moved to theSettings App.

Date and Time(timedate.cpl)
Allows user to change the date and time stored in the machine'sBIOS, change thetime zone and specify whether to synchronize the date and time with anInternet Time Server and whichserver to use.
Display(control desktop) (desk.cpl)

(Renamed "Personalization" in Windows Vista, 7 and 8.1)

Allows the user to change the display characteristics of their computer;
  • Allows users to change thedesktop background (wallpaper) to a picture of their choice and specifies how it should be shown.
  • Allows the user to change or disable thescreensaver, and specify how long it takes to activate and whether to ask for apassword on resume
  • Allows the user to specify the color styles of all elements within the system, primarily whether to use theWindows XP /Vista styles (blue by default in XP) or to use the classicWindows 98 /2000 /Me styles, this also allows the user to change the My Computer andRecycle Bin icons.
  • Allows the user to change thescreen resolution and colour quality, and provides trouble shooting advice for displays.

Removed inWindows 10 and moved to the Settings App.

Folder Options(control folders)(rundll32.exe shell32.dll, Options_RunDLL 0)
This item allows for configuration of howfolders andfiles are presented inWindows Explorer. More specifically it allows the user to specify general settings like whether folders open in a new window or the existing window and whether the common tasks pane is shown, as well as more advanced tasks such as whether windows should hide critical system files and whether to show file extensions. It is also used to modify file type associations inWindows; i.e., which program opens which type of file and other settings like actions for each file type and the file extension.
Fonts(control fonts)
Displays allfonts installed on the computer. Users can remove fonts, install new fonts or search for fonts using font characteristics. Note that "explorer \Windows\Fonts" has the same effect. This still exists on Windows 10, but there is a similar page inSettings starting from the Windows 10 April 2018 Update.
Internet Options(inetcpl.cpl)
Allows the user to change the way the computer manages internet connections andbrowser settings forInternet Explorer andMicrosoft Edge, it has several tags specifying different attributes;
  • General – This specifies thehomepage and color schemes and allows the user to delete internet usage history.
  • Security & Privacy – These specify whether the computer should allowwebsites to undertake certainprocesses and downloadcookies, this panel also gives access to the inbuiltpop-up blocker (Windows XP SP2 and later) and thephishing controls (Internet Explorer 7).
  • Content – Allows the parental controls and auto-complete to be configured and also specifies how to deal withcertificates.
  • Connections, Programs and Advanced – These give access to other aspects of internet settings such as the defaultmodem connection andemail client,proxy settings and other advanced configurations.
Game controllers(joy.cpl)(control /name microsoft.gamecontrollers)
Allows one to add, display, troubleshoot, and use advanced settings on joysticks and game controllers and connect to other type of game controllers.

Moved to the Settings app on Windows 10 Anniversary Update.

Keyboard(control keyboard)(main.cpl)
Lets the user change and test keyboard settings, including cursor blink rate and key repeat rate.
Mail(mlcfg32.cpl)(mlcfg.cpl)
Mail allows for configuration of themail client in Windows.Microsoft Outlook Express cannot be configured with this item; it is configured through its own interface. mlcfg.cpl is used for 64 bit office applications first available with the Office 2010 release.
Mouse(control mouse) (main.cpl)
Mouse allows the configuration of pointer options, such as the double click and scroll speed, and includes visibility options such as whether to usepointer trails and whether the pointer should disappear when typing. This also allows the user to specify the pointer appearance for each task, such as resize and busy.
Network Connections(control netconnections) (ncpa.cpl)
Displays and allows the user to edit or createnetwork connections such asLocal Area Networks (LAN) andinternet connections. It also offers troubleshooting functions in case the computer has to be reconnected to the network.
Phone and Modem Options(telephon.cpl)
Managestelephone andmodem connections.
Power Options(powercfg.cpl)
Includes options to manage energy consumption such as;
  • Specify how long it takes to switch off the display andhard drives and how long it takes for the system to enterstandby, if at all.
  • To decide what to do when the computer's on/offbutton is pressed, such as whether to shut down or to enter standby.
  • Whether to allowHibernation (some systems become unstable when restarting).
  • Allows the user to configureUPS (if available).
  • Since Windows Vista, additional hidden power options are available for fine tuning power features.
Printers and Faxes(control printers)(control /name microsoft.devicesandprinters)
Displays all theprinters andfaxes currently installed on the computer, and has two main uses;
  • Firstly, it shows all the jobs queued for each printer, thefile size and status of each job and which user they belong to, it also allows each job to be paused, canceled or moved up or down the list.
  • Secondly, it allows the user to set the printing or faxing preferences, such as paper size and quality via the manufacturers own preferences pane and also specifies how to share the printer across acomputer network, thedevice drivers,ports etc.
Regional and Language Settings(intl.cpl) aka Regional and Language Options
Various regional settings can be altered, for instance:
Security Center or Action Center (Windows 7 & 8.x)(wscui.cpl)
Renamed "Security & Maintenance" in Windows 10
First added in Windows XP with Service Pack 2, Security Center gives the user access to the inbuiltWindows security components, as well as providing information about any existing antivirus software such asMcAfee orZone Alarm. It includes access toWindows Update, where users can specify whether the computer should check for updates regularly (also available through the Windows Update panel), and options for managing internet security settings. It also includes links to internet articles about PC security and currentvirus threats and notifies the user when the PC's security is compromised.
Sounds and Audio Devices(mmsys.cpl)
This panel contains various audio-related functions;
  • Change the speaker volume and type and specify whether to show the volume icon in the notification area.
  • Change the sounds played for the system or specific programs when a certain event occurs, i.e. Windows Startup or Critical Stop.
  • Change default devices for music playback, recording, voice recognition,MIDI etc.
  • Change theSound card settings and whether to useHardware acceleration.
  • Display the audio devices installed on the computer, and allows them to be configured.
Speech(Sapi.cpl)
This applet has two main functions, the first is specify settings forSpeech synthesis, allowing the user to select the voice the computer should use tonarrate text and how fast it should read. The second is to specify settings forSpeech recognition, allowing the user to set up different profiles detailing how the computer should deal with an individual's dialect, for instance;
  • The amount of grammatical errors in a person's voice (punctuality sensitivity).
  • The speed at which the person speaks, and the time delay between words.

This also allows the user to access the voice recognition training wizard, in which an individual 'teaches' the computer to recognize a person voice interactively using the microphone.

Stored User Names and Passwords(keymgr.dll)(control.exe /name microsoft.credentialmanager)
(Renamed "Credential Manager" in Windows 7 and later)
This is used to view and edit logon credentials for servers, websites and programs.
System(Sysdm.cpl)
This is used to view and change core system settings, a user can for instance:
  • Display general information on the user's machine such as the amount ofRAM,CPU speed and type, the version ofWindows the system is using and the manufacturer.
  • Edit the computer name in a networkworkgroup.
  • Manage and Configure hardware devices, and view information such as the manufacturer, user access and driver version of any hardware device installed on the system viaDevice Manager.
  • Enable/Disable system features such as automatic updates and System restore monitoring.
  • Specify advanced features such as performance logs, virtual memory settings and roaming profiles.

Moved to the Settings App onWindows 10, but the shortcut still exists. Clicking on it goes to the Settings App.

Taskbar and Start Menu(rundll32.exe shell32.dll, Options_RunDLL 1)
Allows the user to change the behavior and appearance of thetask bar andStart Menu;
  • Specifies whether to use Windows XP/Vista or Classic9x/2000/Me styles on the taskbar and start menu (in versions of Windows prior to 7).
  • Whether the taskbar should Auto-Hide.
  • Whether to show the clock in thenotification area.
  • Allows the user to manage the tray icons.
  • Advanced options such as whether to show Printers & Faxes in the start menu and whether to displayMy Documents as a menu or as a link to a new window.

Moved to the Settings App onWindows 10, but the shortcut still exists. Clicking on it goes to the Settings App.

User Accounts(control userpasswords) (nusrmgr.cpl)
This allows the user to configure their account and otheraccounts used in the system, should they have sufficient privileges. They can change theirusername,password, their account picture (if enabled), and their.NET Passport (in versions of Windows prior to Vista). If the current user has anadministrator account they can also add, delete, and modify other user accounts as well as make changes to core system settings. This panel also specifies whether or not the guest account should be active and (inWindows XP only) whether or not to use the Welcome screen whenWindows loads.

This panel is not available inWindows Server 2003, where the syntax "control userpasswords" will instead run the Local Users and Groups utility.

Users and Passwords(control userpasswords2)(rundll32.exenetplwiz.dll, UsersRunDll)
This is the legacy user account utility that was first introduced inWindows 2000 Professional. This allows the user to configure their account and otheraccounts used in the system, change their .NET Passports (in versions of Windows prior to Vista), as well as configuring autologin settings. This panel also specifies whether or not to pressCtrl+Alt+Del before login.

This panel is not available in the Windows 2000 Server family, where it will instead run the Local Users and Groups utility.

Peripheral devices

[edit]

These are options in the control panel that show devices connected to the computer. They do not actually offer a direct interface to control these devices, but rather offer basic tasks such as removal procedures and links to wizards (Printers & Faxes is an exception). Such applets include Scanners and Cameras, Game Controllers, and Portable Media Devices.

Other Microsoft-distributed applets

[edit]
Biometric Devices(biocpl.dll)
Available with Fingerprint enabled systems running 7 or later, this enables users to configure a Fingerprint reader, showing a list of all Biometric devices interacting with the system, in addition to the following items;
  • Allowing users to change fingerprint data.
  • Allowing users to change behaviour on fingerprint detected.

Moved toSettings onWindows 10.

Bluetooth Devices(bthprops.cpl)
Available withBluetooth enabled systems running XP SP2 or later, this enables users to configure a Bluetooth connection, showing a list of all Bluetooth devices interacting with the system, in addition to the following items;
  • Allowing users to create incoming and outgoing 'virtual' COM Ports, which allow devices to have dedicated connections to the system.
  • Allowing users to specify general Bluetooth characteristics such as whether the computer is discoverable and the computer's name which is broadcast.

Moved toSettings onWindows 10.

Color(color.cpl)
Enables a more advanced control of color settings withinWindows than is available in 'display', suitable for developers and visual specialists it allows users to create and loadInternational Color Consortium compliant color profiles, associate screen color with printers and cameras and view a 3D graphics plot of the colorgamut. By default this applet is not installed, however it can be installed for free from theMicrosoft Website.
Infrared(irprops.cpl)
Similar to the Bluetooth applet, this is used to configure how the computer manages any wirelessinfrared ports installed, including options such as connectivity and security.
Location and Other Sensors(SensorsCpl.dll)
Manages Location based data like addresses and other location based sensors. Available in Windows 7 & 8.x only.
CSNW(nwc.cpl)
The Client Service for NetWare applet is used to select a default tree and context in aNovell Directory Services (NDS) environment, or theNetWare server used most frequently in a non-NDS environment.

Requirement: Installing the Client Service for NetWare.

Software Explorers
Part ofUser Account Control, allows users to view detailed information about software that is currently running on the computer that can affect the users' privacy or the security of the computer.

Replaced byWindows Defender Security Center onWindows 10.

Third-party applets

[edit]

Third-party software vendors have released many applets. Although it is impossible to mention all of them, some of them are listed here:

IconFile nameDescription
AC3 Filterac3filter.cplConfigures speaker configuration and other parameters of theAC3 decoder filter.
Adobe GammaAdobe Gamma.cplFor altering the screen display withAdobe Systems Imaging Software such asPhotoshop.
Adobe Version Cue CS2VersionCueCS2.cplTo configure Adobe Version Cue.
Application pathsapppaths.cplSets application paths, start-up commands and system services, coded by Gregory Braun.
ATI DVD PlayerQISWCINE.CPLChanges settings for your DVD decoding.
AudioHQAudHQ.cplCreative Labs Soundblaster Audio HQ.
Autodesk Plotter Managerplotman.cplAdds, remove and changes plotters properties forAutoCAD products.
AvantGo Connectagcpl.cplSynchronizes mobile versions (called "channels") of websites to asmartphone orPDA, seeAvantGo.
Avira AntiVir PersonalEditionavconfig.cplConfiguresAvira Antivirus program.
BACKPACK Finderbpcpl.cplTo configure the Micro Solutions BackPack CD driver.
BDE Administratorbdeadmin.cplTo configure theBorland Database Engine.
Boot Camp Control PanelSetting forMac OS X based computers.
Broadcom Advanced Control SuiteBACSCPL.cplEnables Broadcom network cards testing and diagnostics.
CD/DVD Drive Acoustic SilencerTOSCDSPD.cplConfigures the rotation speed of CD/DVD drive. (Toshiba )
ClearCasecc.cplTo configureIBM Rational ClearCase.
Color Settings3dcc.cplChanges the look and feel of Windows.
Compaq Diagnosticscpqdiag.cplTo view information a computer's hardware and software configuration, legacy application.
Control Panelcontrolp.cplControl Panel Customization Toy, coded by Ali Lokhandwala.
Control Version Systemcvsnt.cplControl Panel Customization Toy, by Brian Berliner. david d 'zoo' zuhn, Jeff Polk, Tony Hoyle
Creative Element Power ToolsTo configure Creative Element Power Tools, a free-to-try program providing access to additional Windows tools.
Corel Versionsverscpl.cplConfiguresCorel versions.
DANSdanetsvc.cplConfigures the Shaffer Solutions DiskAccess Network Services,NFS client for Windows.
Diagnostics for Windowscpqdiag.cplHP Diagnostics for Windows 4.15 replaces Compaq
Digidesign ElevenRackDigidesignElevenRackControlPanelApplet.cplLaunch Eleven Rack Control Panel
DiskAccessdacfg.cplConfigures how the Shaffer Solutions DiskAccess makes connections to remote NFS servers.
DS18x AppletDS18xCPL.cplMR Soft DS18x Temperature Logging Service.
Flash PlayerFlashPlayerCPLApp.cplFor changing settings for the Flash Player.
Folder sizeFolderSize.cplFolder Size for Windows shows the size of folders in Windows Explorer.
FirebirdSQL Service Managerfmmgr.cplConfiguresFirebird (database server) service options.
HP Jetadminjetadmin.cplHP Jetadmin configures and monitorsHP printers.
HP LockHplock.cplA Windows 95 utility to lock the PC keyboard, mouse and on/off switch in one click on legacyHP Vectra.
IconPackageripcpl.cplTo customize Windows icons and cursors, seeIconPackager.
ImDisk Virtual Disk Driverimdisk.cplAdministration of ImDisk Virtual Disk Driver.
InstallShield Update Managerisuspm.cplThe InstallShield Update Manager allows users to receive program updates and messages from software makers who use the service.
Intel Extreme Graphicsigfxcpl.cplTo change advanced settings on systems usingIntelGPUs.
Intel Product Improvement ProgramexecutableInstalled with Intel Driver Update Utility version 2.4 (on Vista and up)
IP Office Voicemail Proims.cplTo configureAvaya IP OfficeVoicemail Pro.
Javajpicpl32.cplFor changing settings withJava Runtime Console.
JInitiator 1.x.y.zplugincpl1xyz.cplTo configureOracle's JInitiator, note x.y.z are version numbers.
MailMLCFG32.cplLaunches theMicrosoft Outlook Profile Manager.
MSConfigMSConfig.cplLaunches the MicrosoftSystem Configuration Utility.
Multi-fingerETDUI.cplCustomize the Smart-Pad Multi-finger Setting.
MultiSitems.cplTo configureIBM Rational ClearCase Multisite.
Nero BurnRightsNeroBurnRights.cplFor specifying who is allowed to use the CD burner withNero.
nVIDIA Control panelnvidia.cplTo change advanced settings on systems usingnVIDIAGPUs.
Panda Media BoosterPMB.cplPanda Media Booster cache and network settings.
Parallel Port JoysticksPPjoy.cplConfigures Joysticks connected on the Parallel Port.
Pointer Devicestbctlpnl.cplTo configure the Touch-Base Universal Pointer Device Driver (UPDD).
QuickTimequicktime.cplFor specifying settings of theApple QuickTime Player.
RealPlayerprefscpl.cplTo configure theRealPlayer preferences, older versions.
Realtek AC97 Audio Control Panelalsndmgr.cplTo configure theRealtek audio controller.
Realtek HD-Audio ManagerRTSnMg64.cplTo launch the Realtek HD-Audio Manager
RESTrick Control Panelrest2.cplWindows Tuning and system restrictions setup, by Rtsecurity.
Safarpsafarp.cplSafarp is a small and fast alternative to the Add or Remove Programs applet.
ScrewDrivers Clientsdclient.cplFromTricerat, remote desktop print management solution.
Send To Toyssendtotoys.cplTo configure the Send To right click system menu inMicrosoft Windows.
Services and Devicespserv.cplFrom p-nand-q to manage Windows services and devices and uninstall applications.
Softex OmniPassscurecpl.cplSoftex OmniPass provides password management capabilities to MS Windows.
SNTP Servicesntpserv.cplFrom Dillobits Software, to manage theSNTP client service.
Soundscapescurecpl.cplAdds, removes or changes settings of Soundscape devices.
Startupstartup.cplControl programs that run at system start-up, coded by Mike Lin.
Startup DiskStartup Disk.cplBoot Camp drivers, when Windows runs on a Mac OS virtual machine.
Symantec LiveUpdates32lucp2.cplConfigures theSymantec LiveUpdate update service.
System Change Logscl.cplFromGreyware Automation Products, monitors disks for changes and records a detailed log.
System InformationSancpl.cplLaunches SiSoftware Sandra utility.
System Info for Windowssiw.cplLaunches theSIW application.
Trust-No-Exetrustnoexe.cplConfigures the Beyond Logic Trust-No-Exe executable filter.
VMware ToolsVMControlPanel.cplTo configureVMware Tools.
WIBU-KEYwibuke32.cplTo configure the WIBU-KEY Software Protection.
Winlogoswnlgo.cplTo change the Windows start-up and shutdown screens in Windows 98 or ME, coded by Ali Lokhandwala.
X-Setup ProxqdcXSPApplet.cplLaunches X-Setup Pro, a Windows tweaker application.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"A history of Windows".Windows.Microsoft. Archived fromthe original on November 17, 2010.
  2. ^"Accessing the Control Panel via the Commandline". Microsoft. August 29, 2011.
  3. ^Bradley, Tony (July 6, 2012)."Adding and Managing Users in Windows 8".PC World.IDG. RetrievedSeptember 20, 2015.
  4. ^Bright, Peter (March 25, 2013)."Windows Blue leaks: More Metro, more multitasking".Ars Technica.Condé Nast. RetrievedJanuary 20, 2014.
  5. ^"How to run Control Panel tools by typing a command".Support.Microsoft. RetrievedFebruary 26, 2014.

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