TheContinuing Anglican movement, also known as theAnglican Continuum, encompasses a number of Christian churches, principally based inNorth America, that have anAnglican identity and tradition but are not part of theAnglican Communion. These churches generally believe that traditional forms of Anglican faith and worship have been unacceptably revised or abandoned within some churches of the Anglican Communion, but that they, the Continuing Anglicans, are preserving or "continuing" both Anglican lines ofapostolic succession and historic Anglican belief and practice.[1][2][3]
The term was first used in 1948 to describe members of the Church of England inNandyal who refused to enter the emergingChurch of South India, which united the AnglicanChurch of India, Burma and Ceylon with the Reformed (Presbyterian andCongregationalist) andMethodist churches inIndia.[4][5] Today, however, the term usually refers to the churches that descend from the 1977Congress of St. Louis, at which the foundation was laid for a new Anglican church in North America and which produced the Affirmation of St. Louis, which opens with the title "The Continuation of Anglicanism".[6] Some church bodies that pre-date the Congress of St. Louis (such as theFree Church of England and theReformed Episcopal Church), or are of more recent origin (such as theChurch of England (Continuing) andIndependent Anglican Church Canada Synod), have referred to themselves as "Continuing Anglican" as they are traditional in belief and practice, though did not emerge subsequent to the Congress of St. Louis. As these bodies are members of theGlobal Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans (GAFCON), they are referred to as "Confessing Anglican churches".[7]
The churches defined as "Continuing Anglican" are historically separate fromGAFCON, comprising Confessing Anglican denominations such as theAnglican Church in North America,[8] which is not a member of the Anglican Communion, though in literature GAFCON members have been referred to as "Continuing Anglican" in the sense that they seek to embody "conservative Anglicanism" or "Traditional Anglicanism".[9][10] In 2025, GAFCON also separated from the Canterbury-based Anglican Communion.
Continuing Anglican churches were formed byclergy andlaity who left churches belonging to the Anglican Communion. Continuing Anglican churches believe that those churches have been compromised by adopting secular cultural standards andliberal approaches to theology.[1][11] Continuing Anglicans generally believe that the faith of some churches in communion with theArchbishop of Canterbury have becomeheterodox and evenheretical, and therefore have not sought affiliation with the Anglican Communion.[12][13] Although the termAnglican historically refers also to those churches incommunion with theChurch of England and the Archbishop of Canterbury, many Continuing churches, particularly those in the United States, use the termAnglican to differentiate themselves from theEpiscopal Church of the United States, which they consider heterodox.[14]
In 1978, Presiding BishopJohn M. Allin released a statement with theArchbishop of Canterbury,Dr. Donald Coggan, that the Anglican Church formed from the consecrations performed by Bishop Chambers was in communion neither with the See of Canterbury, nor the Episcopal Church, nor the wider Anglican Communion.[15] At the 1998Lambeth Conference, Resolution IV.11,Continuing Churches, was added, which asked the Archbishop of Canterbury and thePrimates' Meeting to consider how best to initiate and maintain dialogue with such groups with a view to the reconciliation of all who partake of the Anglican tradition.[16][17]
Anglicanism in general has historically viewed itself as avia media between theReformed tradition and theLutheran tradition, and after theOxford Movement, certain clerics have sought a balance of the emphases ofCatholicism andProtestantism, while tolerating a range of expressions inevangelicalism and ceremony.[18] Clergy and laity from all Anglicanchurchmanship traditions have been active in the formation of the Continuing Anglican movement.
There arehigh church,broad church, andlow church Continuing Anglican jurisdictions. Some areAnglo-Catholic with richly ceremonial liturgical practices, such as theAnglican Province of Christ the King, theAnglican Catholic Church, theAnglican Province of America, and theAnglican Church in America. Others that belong to theReformed Anglican tradition, such as theUnited Episcopal Church of North America, support theThirty-Nine Articles and, in some parishes, alternateMorning Prayer withHoly Communion.
The Continuing churches in the United States reject the1979 revision of the Book of Common Prayer by theEpiscopal Church (United States) and instead use theAmerican 1928 version, or earlier official versions of theBook of Common Prayer, for their services.[19][20]
The liturgical use of the 1611Authorized Version of theBible (known in the United States as theKing James Version) is also a common feature. This is done for many reasons, including aesthetic preferences and theological opposition to what the churches regard asliberal orprogressive theology, which is said to characterize some more recent translations.[21]
TheAffirmation of St. Louis[6]—adopted at theCongress of St. Louis (September 14–16, 1977) by over 2000[22] bishops, clergy, and laypeople—and to a lesser extent theThirty-nine Articles of Religion andThe Books of Homilies serve as standards of faith and unity for most Continuing churches.
The Continuing Anglican movement originated in theEpiscopal Church in the United States of America and theAnglican Church of Canada. Related churches in other countries were founded later.
In 1976, theGeneral Convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America voted to approve theordination of women to thepriesthood and theepiscopate, and also provisionally adopted a new and doctrinally controversialBook of Common Prayer, later called the 1979 version.[23] During the following year, several thousand dissenting clergy and laypersons responded to those actions by meeting inSt. Louis,Missouri, under the auspices of the Fellowship of Concerned Churchmen,[24] where they adopted a theological statement, theAffirmation of St. Louis of 1977.[25] The Affirmation expressed a determination "to continue in the Catholic Faith, Apostolic Order, Orthodox Worship, and Evangelical Witness of the traditional Anglican Church, doing all things necessary for the continuance of the same".
Out of this meeting came a new church with the provisional name "Anglican Church in North America (Episcopal)". The first bishops of the new church, later named the Anglican Catholic Church, were consecrated on January 28, 1978, inDenver, Colorado.[26][27] The main Continuing Anglican churches claimapostolic succession, originating fromThe Episcopal Church from before the date of ordination of women to the priesthood.[28][29] It is also stated that there areOld Catholic andPolish National Catholic Church consecrations in the line of succession.[30][31][32]
In Denver, the first bishop of the new church,Charles Dale David Doren, formerly anArchdeacon of theDiocese of Daejon inSouth Korea, was consecrated by The Rt. Rev.Albert Arthur Chambers, formerly the Episcopal Church'sBishop of Springfield (PECUSA #588)[33] and Acting Metropolitan of the ACNA.
Joining Bishop Chambers in the consecration of Doren was The Rt. Rev. Francisco de Jesús Pagtakhan of thePhilippine Independent Catholic Church.[34] Letters of Consent and Desire for the Doren consecration were in hand from The Rt. Rev.Mark Pae (Taejon, Korea) and The Rt. Rev.Charles Boynton. Originally, a minimum of four consecrating bishops was sought, following the precedent ofPECUSA.[35] However, Bishop Boynton did not attend due to ill health. Bishop Pae reportedly intended to be present, but upon the release of his name, the Archbishop of Canterbury ordered him not to attend. The canonicity of the third consecrator by letter of written consent was defended at the consecration.[36] The newly consecratedCharles Doren then joined with Chambers and Pagtakhan in consecrating as bishopsJames Orin Mote,Robert S. Morse, andPeter Francis Watterson.[37][38] Watterson left the movement shortly afterward and became aRoman Catholic priest.[39]
What had provisionally been called the Anglican Church in North America (Episcopal), was renamed the Anglican Catholic Church at the constitutional assembly in Denver, October 18–21, 1978.[37] "Anglican Catholic Church" had previously been considered as a possible alternative name of the Protestant Episcopal Church USA before the decision to adopt the name by which it is commonly known, The Episcopal Church.[40][41] The new church continued to appeal to disaffected Episcopalians to join.[42] Some parishes of The Episcopal Church attempted to join the Anglican Catholic Church with their church building and property, leading to numerous court challenges.[43][44] Only a few parishes were able to retain their property outright, such asSt. James, Cleveland.[45] By 1985, it was estimated that up to 20,000 people had left the Episcopal Church for the newly formed Anglican Catholic Church.[46]
During the process of ratifying the new church's constitution, disputes developed that split its dioceses into two American churches and a separate Canadian church.[47] These were theAnglican Catholic Church led byJames Orin Mote, the Diocese of Christ the King (now theAnglican Province of Christ the King) led byRobert S. Morse, and theAnglican Catholic Church of Canada. In 1981,Charles Doren and others left the Anglican Catholic Church to found theUnited Episcopal Church of North America in opposition to the alleged inhospitality of the other jurisdictions towardslow churchmen.
In 1983, a statement of unity led to the coalescence of the Anglican Catholic Church.[48] In 1984 a portion of the Anglican Episcopal Church of North America merged with the ACC to become the non-geographical Diocese of St. Paul.[49]
Some Continuing Anglican bishops began discussing forming an international communion of Continuing Anglican churches in 1988,[50] and met in 1989 to form the Traditional Anglican Communion.[51] In 1991, multiple Anglican jurisdictions were invited to attend a conference in October inDeerfield Beach, Florida, to create a united church. TheUnited Episcopal Church of North America and theDiocese of Christ the King declined to participate.[52] At that meeting, a number of parishes left the Anglican Catholic Church to merge with the American Episcopal Church and form theAnglican Church in America as a part of theTraditional Anglican Communion. Some of those later formed theAnglican Province of America after the resignation of BishopAnthony F. M. Clavier as bishop ordinary of Diocese of the Eastern United States (ACA) in 1995.[53] In 1997, additional parishes left the Anglican Catholic Church and formed theHoly Catholic Church (Anglican Rite).[54]
In 1999, BishopRichard Boyce requested membership in theAnglican Province of America as the Diocese of the West. In 2003, the Anglican Rite Synod in the Americas (ARSA) under Bishops Larry Shaver (formerly of the American Episcopal Church[55] and the Anglican Jurisdiction of the Americas[56]) and Herbert M. Groce were received into the Anglican Province of America as the non-geographical Diocese of St. Augustine, later renamed the Diocese of Mid-America.[57]
On March 5, 2003,Ash Wednesday, theDiocese of the Holy Cross seceded from the Anglican Province of Christ the King over questions surrounding James Provence, the successor ofRobert S. Morse.[58][59] On July 25, 2007, Bishop Rocco Florenza and most of the parishes in the Eastern Diocese of the Anglican Province of Christ the King withdrew, joining the Anglican Church in America.[60]
The 2007/08Directory of Traditional Anglican and Episcopal Parishes, published by the Fellowship of Concerned Churchmen,[61] contained information on over 900 parishes affiliated with either the Continuing Anglican churches or theAnglican realignment movement.
Some Continuing Anglican bodies have added dioceses outside North America. The two largest international jurisdictions are theTraditional Anglican Church and theAnglican Catholic Church. The Traditional Anglican Church comprises national provinces with dioceses, parishes and missions inAustralia,Canada,Colombia,El Salvador,Great Britain,Guatemala, India,Ireland,South Africa, the United States,Venezuela,Zambia, andZimbabwe.[62]
The Anglican Catholic Church has a presence on six continents and nearly two dozen countries.[63][64] In 1984, the five dioceses of theChurch of India (CIPBC) were received by the Anglican Catholic Church and constituted as its second province, but they rescinded communion between 2013 and 2017 over matters relating to the status of the second province and became independent.[65] In 2018, ArchbishopMark Haverland and the Most Rev. John Augustine, Metropolitan of the CIPBC, signed an agreement restoringcommunio in sacris.[66] In September 2021, by a vote of the provincial synod of the Anglican Catholic Church, a third province, theProvince of Southern Africa, was established, comprising five dioceses in South Africa and the one diocese in Zimbabwe.[67] The Province now constitutes eleven dioceses, including one diocese inTanzania.
TheAnglican Province of America also includes global partnerships, with links to congregations inEcuador,Haiti, India, and thePhilippines.[68]
Grassroots partnerships have been formed between parishes in geographical regions. TheAnglican Fellowship of the Delaware Valley, so named because it encompassed Anglican churches and missions within theDelaware Valley, was formed in 2003 and was led by Bishop Paul C. Hewett of theDiocese of the Holy Cross. It was an association of Anglican churches inPennsylvania,Delaware, andNew Jersey that subscribed to theAffirmation of St. Louis and affiliated withForward in Faith-UK.[69] In 2005, the Anglican Fellowship of the Delaware Valley sponsored the conferenceThe Affirmation of St. Louis: Seeking a Path to Reconciliation and Unity, which brought together traditionalists in the Episcopal Church and members of the continuing movement to discuss a path to jurisdictional unity.[70] In 2006, representatives from seven Anglican churches announced the formation of Common Cause Appalachia, an alliance of Anglican churches in theAppalachian area of the southeastern United States, to which some continuing Anglican churches inGeorgia,Kentucky,North Carolina, andTennessee belonged.[71]
In September 2004, Bishops and clergy of theAnglican Catholic Church (ACC), theAnglican Province of Christ the King (APCK), and theAnglican Church in America (ACA), together with some clergy ofForward in Faith, made a joint pilgrimage to the tomb of BishopCharles Grafton inFond du Lac, Wisconsin.[72]
From 2003 to 2011, theAnglican Catholic Church, theAnglican Province of Christ the King, and theUnited Episcopal Church of North America (UECNA) explored opportunities for greater cooperation and the possibility of achieving organic unity. In 2003, Archbishop John-Charles Vockler of the ACC in a letter, called for prayers for healing of damaged relations between the ACC and the APCK.[73] On May 17, 2007, ArchbishopMark Haverland of the ACC signed an intercommunion agreement negotiated with the United Episcopal Church of North America.[74][75] In July, Archbishop Haverland published a statement on church unity, calling on UECNA and the APCK to join him in building "full organic unity".[76] Bishop Presley Hutchens of the ACC addressed delegates at the UECNA convention in October 2008 and discussed the possibility of uniting the ACC and UECNA. Although well received at the time, there was a feeling among many of the delegates that the proposal was being rushed, and that no proper consideration was being given to the theological, constitutional, and canonical issues thrown up by the move. In January 2009, one bishop from each jurisdiction consecrated threesuffragan bishops inSt. Louis, intending that they serve all three jurisdictions.[77] Moves towards unity with the Anglican Catholic Church were referred for further discussion and subsequently stalled in 2011 by the decision of UECNA to remain an independent jurisdiction.[77] The ACC rescinded intercommunion with UECNA in 2025 due to disagreements with actions by the Presiding Bishop of UECNA.[78]
One Continuing Anglican church body, theTraditional Anglican Communion (TAC), sought union with theRoman Catholic Church. In 2004, ArchbishopJohn Hepworth of the TAC reported that based on eight years of dialogue, Rome could recognize the TAC as an Anglican church in full communion with theHoly See.[79] In 2007, the TAC made a formal proposal to theRoman Catholic Church for admission into "full corporate and sacramental union" with that church in a manner that would permit the retention of some of its Anglican heritage.[80] The Vatican announced on July 5, 2008, that it was giving serious consideration to appeals received from various Anglican groups seeking union with itself, observing that "the situation within the Anglican Communion in general has become markedly more complex".[81] On October 29, 2009, theCongregation for the Doctrine of the Faith announcedPope Benedict XVI's intention to create a new type of ecclesiastical structure,[82] called a "personal ordinariate", for groups of Anglicans entering into full communion with the See of Rome.[83] The initial response to this announcement was not entirely positive.[84]
On November 4, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI signed anapostolic constitution,Anglicanorum coetibus. The House of Bishops of theAnglican Church in America – the American province of the TAC – responded on March 3, 2010, voting unanimously to request acceptance under the personal ordinariate provision.[85][86] Within months, however, a majority of the eight ACA bishops made known their opposition to the move,[87] and the church declared its intention to remain a Continuing Anglican body.[88][89] Difficulties with the conditions placed on TAC clergy and parishes, particularly in Canada, resulted in many in theAnglican Catholic Church of Canada to remain Anglicans.[90]
The Most Rev.Mark Haverland (ACC) wrote a response toAnglicanorum coetibus, declining to participate.[91] While the Most Rev. Walter H. Grundorf (APA) offered an initial cautious welcome of Rome's offer,[92] there was no interest for theAnglican Province of America as an institution to join.[93]
In 2012, the TAC College of Bishops met and formally accepted the resignation of Archbishop John Hepworth.[94] Archbishop John Hepworth was officially dismissed from the TAC College of Bishops on October 10, 2012.[95]
Through theFederation of Anglican Churches in the Americas, the Anglican Province of America was associated with theCommon Cause Partnership, an organization seeking to unite various Anglican jurisdictions to form a new conservative province of the Anglican Communion in North America, but in January 2008 declined to become a full partner.[96] When, in July 2008, the APA voted to delay a decision on its membership until a number of contentious issues were resolved in the Common Cause Partnership, including whether or not to accept the practice of ordaining women, the APA's Diocese of the West disaffiliated.[97] It subsequently joined theReformed Episcopal Church and, through her, the Common Cause Partnership.[98][99] On March 4, 2009, the Anglican Province of America (APA) reorganized its Diocese of the West (DOW) with parishes that had chosen not to followRichard Boyce out of the APA.
TheAnglican Episcopal Church and theDiocese of the Great Lakes formed theNorth American Anglican Conference for mutual assistance between "Biblical Anglican" churches. A suffragan bishop was consecrated for the Anglican Episcopal Church in late 2008 by its presiding bishop and three bishops of the Diocese of the Great Lakes. In July 2014, the Diocese of the Great Lakes, under Bishop David Hustwick, joined the UECNA as its diocese for theGreat Lakes states and eastern Canada.[100] In January 2015, a petition was received from Bishop George Conner of the Anglican Episcopal Church at the behest of that jurisdiction's standing committee asking for admission as a non-geographical diocese of the UECNA. This was granted on February 11, 2015.[77]
In January 2016, theAnglican Catholic Church, theAnglican Church in America, theAnglican Province of America, and theDiocese of the Holy Cross reached a formal accord. Forming the Anglican Joint Synods, a "Group of 4" churches, called the G-4, pursuing eventual corporate unity. A joint synod was planned for all four jurisdictions to discuss common mission and unity.[101]
On October 6, 2017, the Anglican Church in America, the Anglican Catholic Church, the Anglican Province of America, and the Diocese of the Holy Cross signed acommunio in sacris agreement at jointly heldsynods inAtlanta, Georgia,[102] pledging to pursue full, institutional, and organic union.
On October 13, 2017, Archbishop Shane Janzen, then primate of theTraditional Anglican Communion and Metropolitan of theAnglican Catholic Church of Canada, together with Bishop Craig Botterill, released a statement expressing the hope that the "initiative will lead to further ecumenical dialogue, cooperation and reconciliation between and among the Continuing Anglican Churches around the world, as well as here in Canada".[103]
In 2019, a joint mission and evangelism ministry called Continuing Forward was formed for these G-4 jurisdictions.[104] All four were represented at a second joint synod held January 13–17, 2020 in Atlanta.[105]
On September 23, 2021, the Diocese of the Holy Cross voted to join the Anglican Catholic Church as a non-geographical diocese, making the "Group of 4" a "Group of 3" (G-3) churches.[106]
On February 16, 2022, the primates of the Anglican Province of America and theTraditional Anglican Church announced the establishment of a full communion agreement between the two traditional Anglican churches.[107] On May 22, 2022,Rogation Sunday, the Anglican Province of America and the Traditional Anglican Church officially signed the agreement of full sacramental communion at Saint Barnabas Cathedral,Dunwoody, Georgia.[108] At the 2023 Anglican Joint Synods, the House of Bishops of the Anglican Church in America resolved to seek "fullest unity possible with the Anglican Catholic Church while maintaining the integrity and unity of the Traditional Anglican Church."[109] In October 2025, this was accomplished at a joint synod which merged the dioceses of the Anglican Church in America into the Anglican Catholic Church.[110]
A dialogue between the G-3 (at the time, G-4) churches and thePolish National Catholic Church (PNCC) opened, resulting from the desire to restore the kind of intercommunion that the PNCC had shared with the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States before 1978.[111] The meetings began after representatives of the PNCC were invited and attended the Anglican Joint Synods of the G-4 in 2017.[112] The dialogue has addressed various issues and ways the churches can continue to grow closer together and achieve unity.[113]
The first official dialogue was held January 15, 2019, in Dunwoody, Georgia.[114] The Jurisdictions of the G-4 were represented by their presiding bishops and archbishops from the Anglican Catholic Church, the Anglican Church in America, the Anglican Province of America, and the Diocese of the Holy Cross. Also in attendance was a bishop of theAnglican Catholic Church of Canada (ACCC). The PNCC was represented by three bishops, including Prime BishopAnthony Mikovsky and BishopPaul Sobiechowski, and two senior priests.[112]
On July 28, 2020, the G-4/PNCC Ecumenical Dialogue Group met viaZoom.[115]
On October 5–6, 2021, the G-3/PNCC Ecumenical Dialogue Group met at Holy Trinity Cathedral inManchester, New Hampshire.[116]
On March 15–16, 2022, the G-3/PNCC Ecumenical Dialogue Group met at the Anglican Cathedral of the Epiphany inColumbia, South Carolina.[117]
G-3 representatives were also in attendance with the bishops of the PNCC at the 125th anniversary and General Synod of the Polish National Catholic Church inScranton, Pennsylvania.[118]
As a part of the ACC's worldwide efforts with theUnion of Scranton, meetings have been held between the ACCDiocese of the United Kingdom and theNordic Catholic Church, anOld Catholic denomination ofHigh Church Lutheran patrimony.[119][120][121]
On January 23–25, 2023, delegates of the G-3 and the PNCC met for their 7th Dialogue at St. Paul's Anglican Church (APA),Melbourne, Florida, and produced this statement:[122]
We, the Bishops and members of the G-3 and the PNCC celebrate the anniversary of our Ecumenical Dialogue. We began our initial discussions on January 11, 2019 for the purpose of discussing God's will for our mutual journey in Christ.
Over the past four years, we have gathered for worship and sacred fellowship. We have grown to know each other as brothers in Christ, and committed ourselves to find ways we may work together for mutual support and the ever challenging task of becoming one.
Though we gratefully share the fullness of the Catholic faith, we are aware that the goal of unity may take many years. Nevertheless, we believe that our work together is essential to the fulfillment of God's will.
We will keep our Churches in prayer that our efforts may bear the necessary spiritual fruit and be ever pleasing to God.
In May 2024, representatives of the G3 churches met with representatives of theLutheran Church – Missouri Synod (LCMS) inSt. Louis, Missouri. Continuing meetings were planned for the future for the purpose of both parties coming to understand the other better, and to form joint statements on pressing theological or moral matters.[123]
There have been occasional surveys of "orthodox" Anglican churches conducted by the Fellowship of Concerned Churchmen, with numbers reported from 2007 and 2011[124] and 2015.[125]
The following is a list of denominations and dioceses worldwide that derive from theCongress of St. Louis and the January 28, 1978, consecrations.
The approximate number of parishes and missions is shown in parentheses.
.jpg)
Other church bodies commonly called "Continuing Anglican" were founded independently of the Continuing Anglican movement of the 1970s, some before and others later.[139] Among these are theFree Church of England (the first congregations of which were founded in 1844), theOrthodox Anglican Church (founded in 1963 as the Anglican Orthodox Church), theSouthern Episcopal Church (founded in 1965). and theReformed Episcopal Church (founded in 1873).
North American communities that fall into this category (with approximate number of congregations) are:
Other American churches that emerged from the jurisdictions derived from the Congress of St. Louis, then merged with existing jurisdictions or otherwise ceased:
Originally founded in 1952 byRobert S. Morse as the Episcopal Chaplaincy atStanford University, it was renamed the St. Joseph of Arimathea Foundation in 1960. In 1964, the current location one block south of theUniversity of California, Berkeley was purchased. Due to disagreements between Robert S. Morse and the current Episcopal bishop,James Pike, in 1963 Morse resigned as chairman but filled the Board with Orthodox and Catholic clergy, includingPrince Vasili Romanov and the Very Rev.Alexander Schmemann. The St. Joseph's Student Center hosted Orthodox, Catholic, and Anglican services throughout the week.[143] The chapel, also named forSaint Joseph of Arimethea, was built in 1975 and features a sixteenth centurycrucifix.[144] Saint Joseph of Arimathea Anglican Theological College was founded in 1979 as a seminary for the newly formed Diocese of Christ the King. It continues to offer classes, in person and online, mostly for prospective clergy of theAnglican Province of Christ the King.[145]
Holyrood Seminary was established by the Anglican Catholic Church in 1981 to address the shortage of priests in the newly formed church. The building purchased was former hospital inLiberty, New York.[146] The building had previously been purchased in 1979 by St. Alban's Anglican Catholic Holyrood Seminary ofRichmond, Virginia. The seminary produced many graduates who were ordained in the Anglican Catholic Church and other continuing churches. The seminary closed in 1998.[147]
Saint Bede's Anglican Catholic Theological College was established in 2001 to serve the needs of theAnglican Catholic Church of Canada andTraditional Anglican Church as well as other Continuing Anglican Churches. It offers courses leading to Bachelor in Theology (B.Th.), Master of Divinity (M.Div.), or Master of Theological Studies (M.T.S) degrees.[148] In 2018, Saint Bede's Anglican Catholic Theological College was accredited byAccreditation Service for International Schools, Colleges and Universities (ASIC).[149][150] Based inVictoria, British Columbia, it also offers classes online.
The Church of South India is a United Church that came into existence on 27 September 1947. The churches that came into the union were the Anglican Church, the Methodist Church, and the South India United Church (a union in 1904 of the Presbyterian and Congregational churches). Later the Basel Mission Churches in South India also joined the Union. The Church of South India is the first example in church history of the union of Episcopal and non-Episcopal churches, and is thus one of the early pioneers of the ecumenical movement. The CSI strives to maintain fellowship with all those branches of the church which the uniting churches enjoyed before the union. It is a member of the World Methodist Council, the Anglican Consultative Council, the World Alliance of Reformed Churches, the Council for World Mission, and the Association of Missions and Churches in South West Germany.
the Primates Council should continue to recognise confessing Anglican jurisdictions.
The ACNA is the largest single umbrella organization within the Continuing Anglican Movement, a diverse and incongruous collection of churches who have broken from The Episcopal Church, USA.
The orthodox either went to the various Continuing Anglican churches – most notably the Anglican Church in North America (ACNA)
Others had made similar observations, Patrick McGrath commenting that the Church of England was not a middle way between Roman Catholic and Protestant, but 'between different forms of Protestantism,' and William Monter describing the Church of England as 'a unique style of Protestantism, avia media between the Reformed and Lutheran traditions.' MacCulloch has described Cranmer as seeking a middle way between Zurich and Wittenberg but elsewhere remarks that the Church of England was 'nearer Zurich and Geneva than Wittenberg'.
[...] the decision was made formally to request the implementation of the provisions of the Apostolic Constitution Anglicanorum cœtibus in the United States of America by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.
Furthermore, the Nordic Catholic Church emphasises in its Statement of Faith that it adheres to its Scandinavian Lutheran heritage to the extent that it has embraced and transmitted the orthodox and catholic faith of the undivided church.
![[1]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fweb.archive.org%2fweb%2f20160307171105%2fhttp%3a%2f%2fwww.holycatholicanglican.org%2fimages%2fHCCAR%2520APOSTOLIC%2520SUCCESSION%2520CHART2013%2520AD.jpg){kind=link}
