| Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt | |
|---|---|
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| Overview | |
| Jurisdiction | Egypt |
| Presented | 14 – 15 January 2014 |
| Ratified | 18 January 2014 |
| Date effective | 18 January 2014 |
| System | Unitarysemi-presidential republic |
| Government structure | |
| Branches | Three (Legislative, Executive, Judiciary) |
| Head of state | President of Egypt |
| Chambers | Senate House of Representatives |
| Executive | Cabinet of Egypt |
| Federalism | No |
| Electoral college | No |
| History | |
| Amendments | 1 |
| Last amended | 2019 Egyptian constitutional referendum |
| Signatories | Egyptian constitutional referendum, 2014 |
| Supersedes | Egyptian Constitution of 2012 |
| Full text | |
 Constitution of Egypt atWikisource | |
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| Constitution(history) |
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| Administrative divisions |
| Political parties(former) |
 Egypt portal |
TheConstitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the fundamental law ofEgypt.The Egyptian Constitution of 2014 was passed in areferendum in January 2014.[1] The constitution took effect after the results were announced on 18 January 2014. Aconstitutional amendments referendum was held from 20 to 22 April 2019.[2]
In July 2013, after theousting of former PresidentMohammed Morsi, themilitary announced the schedule for the development of the constitution, with the vote to occur around the end of November 2013.[3] Two different committees were involved in amending the2012 constitution.[4][5] The constitution replaces theEgyptian Constitution of 2012 which came into effect under Morsi.[6]
The constitution adopted in 2014, like the constitution drafted under Morsi, is based on theEgyptian Constitution of 1971.[7]
The 2014 constitution sets up a president and parliament.[6] The president is elected to a six-year term and may serve one term.[6] The parliament may impeach the president.[6] Under the constitution, there is a guarantee of equality between the sexes and an absolute freedom of belief, but Islam is the state religion.[6] The military retains the ability to appoint the national Minister of Defense for the next 8 years.[6] Under the constitution, political parties may not be based on "religion, race, gender or geography";[6] the law regarding Egyptian political parties that regulated the2011-2012 parliamentary elections included a similar clause prohibiting religious parties, though it was not enforced.[8] The document, whilst it does proclaim an absolutefreedom of expression, that freedom is often subject to exceptions leading to legal consequences often targeting public supporters of theLGBTQ community.[9][10][11] The constitution protects texts pertaining to presidency terms, freedoms and equality from being amended in anentrenched clause in article 226, except with more guarantees.[12]
In 2014, the constitution was criticized by theRevolutionary Socialists[13] and the Road of the Revolution Front,[14] who perceived it as leaving too much power in the hands of the military.
