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Connation

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Term in botanical morphology

Not to be confused withCognation orConation.

Connation inplants is the developmental fusion of organs of the same type, for example,petals to one another to form a tubularcorolla.^[1]^[2] This is in contrast toadnation, the fusion of dissimilar organs. Such organs are described as connate or adnate, respectively. When like organs that are usually well separated are placed next to each other, but not actually connected, they are described asconnivent (that is the case foranthers in several genera, such asSolanum).

flower in the center of which is a projecting tube formed of the fused filaments of the stamens; the free anthers form a spreading cluster at its tip — The stamens ofHibiscus (like manyMalvaceae) are synfilamentous.

Synanthery in a (dissected) flower ofSinningia cardinalis

Terms for connation of flower parts

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Synsepalous: All thesepals of aflower are fused into a cup or tube; the fused portion is thecalyx tube, and any non fused tips are thecalyx lobes.
Sympetalous: All thepetals of a flower are fused into a cup, tube, or other shape.
Stamens:
- Synandrous: Stamens are fused in an unspecified manner
- Synfilamentous: Stamens are fused by their filaments
- Synantherous: Stamens are fused by theiranthers
Syncarpous:Carpels are fused together to form a compoundovary

References

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^Little, R. John; Jones, C. Eugene, eds. (1980).A Dictionary of Botany. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. p. 91.ISBN 0-442-24169-0.
^Jackson, Benjamin Daydon (1928).A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Derivation and Accent (fourth ed.). London: Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd. p. 89.

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