Pointed hats have been a distinctive item ofheadgear of a wide range of cultures throughout history. Although often suggesting an ancientIndo-European tradition, they were also traditionally worn by women ofLapland, theJapanese, theMi'kmaq people of AtlanticCanada, and theHuastecs of Veracruz and Aztec (e.g., as illustrated in theCodex Mendoza). The Kabiri ofNew Guinea have thediba, a pointed hat glued together.[1]
The conical hat is known to have existed as early as theBronze Age in theMiddle East,Eurasia, andCentral Europe. Conical hats were recorded inancient Egypt, especially when depictingOsiris andpharaohs, who emulated Osiris' iconography. Conical hats were also recorded by many Indo-European civilizations.Golden hats have been recorded in burial sites in Central Europe. TheScythians of the Eurasian steppes were noted for having pointed hats, often mentioned by other civilizations, such as in theDNa inscription on the tomb ofDarius the Great. In Ancient Greece, thepilos was a common hat worn by travelers and infantrymen by the 5th century BCE. Popular among Burgundian noblewomen in the 15th century was a type of conical headgear now called ahennin.[2]
Textile analysis of theTarim Mummies has shown some similarities to theIron Age civilizations of Europe dating from 800 BCE, including woventwill andtartan patterns strikingly similar to tartans from Northern Europe. One unusual find was a distinctively pointed hat:
Yet another female – her skeleton found beside the remains of a man – still wore a terrifically tall, conical hat just like those we depict on witches riding broomsticks at Halloween or on medieval wizards intent at their magical spells.
— Elizabeth Wayland Barber[3]: 200
Pointed hats were also worn in ancient times bySaka (Scythians), and are shown onHindu temples (as helmets and metal crowns) and inHittitereliefs. As described byHerodotus, the name of theScythian tribe of thetigrakhauda (Orthocorybantians) is abahuvrihi compound literally translating to "people with pointed hats".[4][5]
Besides the Scythians, theCabeiri as well asOdysseus are traditionally pictured wearing aPilos, or woolen conical hat.[6]
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The 13th-centuryCumans commonly worescythian style pointed hats,[7] and are reported to have fought wearing them.[8]
Originating from theJapaneseHeian period, thekazaori eboshi (風折烏帽子) was worn by aristocrats to indicate rank. Still worn today for ceremonial purposes, this black[9] linen hat was used during a samurai's ceremony in attaining manhood.[10]
MedievalJewish men wore distinctive headgear as required by European Christian authorities. This included the pointedJewish hat (or "Judenhut") already worn by Jews, a piece of clothing probably imported from the Islamic world and perhaps before that from Persia.[11]
Popular among Burgundian noblewomen in the 15th century was a type of conical headgear now called ahennin.[2]
Pointedhoods were used by various orders and Catholic lay confraternities for processions (e.g., theSemana Santa ofSevilla, who wore theCapirote).[12]
Pointed hats are still worn in the ruralLouisianaMardi Gras celebrations by theCajuns, theCourir de Mardi Gras, where they are known ascapuchons.[13]
TheKu Klux Klan has worn this headgear since its inception.[14]
Tall conical hats are common to traditional folk ceremonies in many parts of Europe, particularly atCarnival time. Examples can still be seen inItaly,Spain, andBulgaria.[15]
TheMay Dayhobby horses ofPadstow andMinehead insouthwest England have pointed hats with masks attached.[16][17][18]
| Type | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Bashlyk |  | This traditionalTurkic andCossack cone-shapedheaddresshood is usually made of leather, felt or wool. It is an ancient round topped feltbonnet with lappets for wrapping around the neck. |
| Capirote | _in_the_Holy_Week_parade_in_Granada_(IMG_5519a).jpg) | Historically, the capirote was a cardboard cone worn in Spain. |
| Capuchon |  | A capuchon is a ceremonial hat worn during theMardi Gras celebration in theCajun areas of southwesternLouisiana, known as theCourir de Mardi Gras. |
| Asian conical hat |  | Known as a sedge hat, rice hat, paddy hat or coolie hat, this simple style of hat is often made of straw. It originated in East, South and Southeast Asia, particularly Vietnam, China, Japan, Korea, Cambodia, Philippines, India, Bangladesh and Indonesia. |
| Dunce cap |  | In popular culture, the dunce cap is typically made of paper and often marked with a D or the word "dunce", and given toschoolchildren to wear as punishment bypublic humiliation for misbehaviour and, as the name implies,stupidity. |
| Fulani hat |  | A conical plant fiber hat covered in leather both at the brim and top, worn by men of theFulani people in West Africa. |
| Golden hat | _2010-12-19_054.jpg) | This type of hat is a very specific and rare type ofarchaeologicalartifact fromBronze AgeEurope. |
| Hennin |  | Most commonly worn in Burgundy and France by women of the nobility, the hennin appears from about 1430 onwards. Later, though, this hat spread more widely, especially in the truncated form. Typically, the hennin was 12 to 18 inches (30 to 45 cm) high, generally accompanied by a veil that usually emerged from the top of the cone and was allowed to fall onto the woman's shoulders. |
| Hogeon |  | ThisKorean traditionalheadgear for young boys aged one year to five years has flaps, and is a type ofgwanmo (관모),. |
| Jewish hat | | The Jewish hat was often white or yellow, worn by Jews inMedieval Europe and some of the Islamic world. |
| Kalpak |  | This high-crowned cap is usually made of felt or sheepskin. It is worn by men from southeastern Europe, Iran, Central Asia and the Caucasus. |
| Kasa |  | A Kasa is any of several kinds of traditional hats ofJapan. |
| Madhalla |  | Traditional straw hat from Yemen. |
| Mokorotlo |  | A straw hat used traditionally by theSotho people. It serves as the national symbol ofLesotho. |
| Nightcap |  | This garment is worn while sleeping, often with anightgown, for warmth. |
| Nón lá |  | Nón lá is a type ofVietnameseheadwear used to shield the face from the sun and rain. |
| Party hat |  | A party hat is generally a playful conical hat made with a rolled up piece of thin cardboard, usually with designs printed on the outside and a long string of elastic going from one side of the cone's bottom to another to secure the cone to one's head. |
| Phrygian cap |  | The Phrygian cap is a soft cap with the top pulled forward. Associated in antiquity with the inhabitants ofPhrygia, a region of centralAnatolia; from theFrench Revolution a symbol ofrevolution, liberty and republicanism – and in modern times withSmurfs. |
| Pileus |  | The pileus was, in Ancient Greece and Rome, a brimless, felt cap, somewhat similar to afez. |
| Salakot |  | Usually made fromrattan orreeds, this is a traditional hat from thePhilippines. |
| Sugar loaf |  | This very tall, tapering hat was first worn in medieval times. Its name comes from theloaves into which sugar was formed at that time.[19] The sugar loaf hat is a kind of earlytop hat ending in a slightly rounded conical top.[20] |
| Tantour |  | Similar to the hennin, this woman's headdress was popular in theEastern Mediterranean during the 19th century.[21][22] The most ornate tantours were made of gold and reached as high as 30 inches (76 cm). Some were encrusted with gems and pearls. The tantour was held in by a ribbons tied around the head. A silk scarf was wound around the base with a white veil attached to the peak.[23] |
| Topor |  | A topor is worn duringBengaliHindu wedding ceremonies. It is usually white, fragile, and made ofsholapith. |
| Witch hat |  | A tall, conical hat with a wide brim, which is typically black. It is commonly associated with Europeanwitches. |
The Sakâ tigrakhaudâ ('Sacae with pointed hats') were defeated in 520/519 BCE by the Persian kingDarius I, who gave this tribe a new leader. One of the earlier leaders was killed, the other, named Skunkha, was taken captive and is visible on the relief atBehistun. (It is possible that Darius created a new tribe from several earlier tribes.) Herodotus calls the Sakâ tigrakhaudâ the Orthocorybantians ('pointed hat men'), and informs us that they lived in the same tax district as the Medes. This suggests that the Sakâ tigrakhaudâ lived on the banks of the ancient lower reaches of the Amudar'ya, which used to have a mouth in the Caspian Sea south of Krasnovodsk. The pointed hat is a kind of turban.
[The warrior's] conical fur-edged felt hat is a typical item of Cuman clothing
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