Congressional districts of the Philippines
By district By province
Category	Electoral district
Location	Philippines
Number	254 (as of 2022)
Populations	18,831–1,239,688
Areas	4.08–7,725.90 km2 (1.58–2,982.99 sq mi)
Government	Congress of the Philippines

Congressional districts of the Philippines (Filipino:distritong pangkapulungan) refers to theelectoral districts or constituencies in which the country is divided for the purpose of electing 254 of the 317members of theHouse of Representatives (with the other 63 being elected through a system ofparty-list proportional representation). The country is currently divided into 254 congressional districts, also known as legislative districts or representative districts, with each one representing at least 250,000 people or one entireprovince. The 1987Constitution of the Philippines initially provided for a maximum 200 congressional districts or 80 percent of the maximum 250 seats for thelower house, with the remaining 20 percent or 50 seats allotted for sectoral or party-list representatives.^[1] This number has since been revised with the enactment of several laws creating more districts pursuant to the 1991 Local Government Code.^[2]

Philippine congressional districts are contiguous and compact territories composed of adjacent local government units where practicable. They aresingle-member districts which return one member each to the lower chamber, elected to serve a maximum of three consecutive three-year terms through afirst-past-the-post voting system.^[1] ThePhilippine Statistics Authority conducts a constitutionally mandatedquinquennial census whose figures are used to determine the number of congressional districts to which each province orcity is entitled, in a process calledapportionment.

There are currently 243 congressional districts in the Philippines. Voting representatives are elected from these districts to the lower house of theCongress of the Philippines every three years. In 1946, there were originally 98 congressional districts, this number increased to 200 after the1987 constitution was created and new redistricting articles were mandated.^[3]

The Philippines constitution mandates a nationwide reapportionment of setting boundaries for legislative districts; however, the legislature has not approved a reapportionment bill since 1987.^[4] Following the ‘one person, one vote’ doctrine, political territories are expected to be symmetric and have limited variance in the size of its constituencies. However, many new districts have been created that defy the basic requisites for redistricting as the constitution fails to clearly expound the due process for apportionment and redistricting.^[5] This has resulted in unequal representation in districts such as Calacoon City, and Batanes being represented by one legislator each, despite containing populations of 1.2 million and 17 000 people respectively.

Philippine's 243 congressional districts are composed of territories within provinces, cities and municipalities. From an American perspective, provinces are equivalent to states, and below that is the city/municipality which is equivalent to a city/town in the United States. Provinces are represented by governors and can be split into multiple congressional districts, each of which elects a congressman. Provincial governors allocate resources and control patronage in municipalities across all congressional districts in the province, thus have greater exposure and power than a representative from a single district.^[6]

There has been no official delimitation process in the Philippines since the 1987 constitution's ratification.^[7] As per Article 6 of the constitution, the requisites for creation of a legislative district are as follows:

• Should comprise territories that are practicably contiguous, compact and adjacent.
• Contiguous territory of at least 2,000 square kilometres, as certified by the Lands Management Bureau.
• A population of at least 250,000 inhabitants as certified by the National Statistics office.

Since 1987, 43 districts have been newly added due to the creation of new cities and provinces, sundering from existing provinces, and piecemeal redistricting. As incumbents control the institutions that determine the rules for redistricting, many of the congressional districts are allegedly gerrymandered to ensure the elite persistence of select families that form the Philippines' political dynasties.^[8][9] This is illustrated by the Marcos family which remained in power from 1987 to 2008 in almost 50 congressional districts, despite term limits.^[10]

• Senatorial districts of the Philippines
• Lists of electoral districts by nation

• Congressional districts of the Philippines
• Politics of the Philippines
• Lists of constituencies in Asia
• Philippines politics-related lists

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