ConcordiaAugusta wascultivated in the context ofImperial cult. Dedicatory inscriptions to her, on behalf of emperors and members of the imperial family, were common.[3]
In Roman art, Concordia was depicted sitting, wearing a long cloak and holding onto apatera (sacrificial bowl), acornucopia (symbol of prosperity), or acaduceus (symbol of peace). She was often shown in between two other figures, such as standing between two members of the Imperial family shaking hands. She was associated with a pair of female deities, such asPax andSalus, orSecuritas andFortuna. She was also paired withHercules andMercury, representing "Security and Luck" respectively.[4]
Italy, 1000 lire "Roma capitale", 1970. Obverse (Laura Cretara): image of the Goddess Concordia inside a beaded circle, which was taken from a Romandenar of theGens Aemilia. Reverse (Guerrino Mattia Monassi): reproduction of the pavement ofPiazza del Campidoglio, byMichelangelo at the top and the value with mintmark at right below. Composition: silver (.835). Weight: 14.6 g.Diameter:31.4 mm. Thickness: 2.4 mm.
The oldestTemple of Concord, built in 367 BC byMarcus Furius Camillus,[5] stood on theRoman Forum. Other temples and shrines in Rome dedicated to Concordia were largely geographically related to the main temple, and included (in date order):
a bronze shrine (aedicula) of Concord erected by theaedileGnaeus Flavius in 304 BC "inGraecostasis" and "in area Volcani" (placing it on the Graecostasis, close to the main temple of Concord). He vowed it in the hope of reconciling the nobility who had been outraged by his publication of the calendar, but the senate would vote no money for its construction and this thus had to be financed out of the fines of condemned usurers.[6] It must have been destroyed when the main temple was enlarged by Opimius in 121 BC.
one built on thearx (probably on the east side, overlooked the main temple of Concord below). It was probably vowed by thepraetorLucius Manlius in 218 BC after quelling a mutiny among his troops inCisalpine Gaul,[7] with building work commencing in 217 and dedication occurring on 5 February 216.[8]
a temple to Concordia Nova, marking the endJulius Caesar had brought to civil war. It was voted by the senate in 44 BC.[9] but was possibly never built.
a shrine or temple dedicated byLivia according to Ovid'sFasti VI.637‑638 ("te quoque magnifica, Concordia, dedicataede Livia quam caro praestitit ipsa viro" - the only literary reference to this temple). Ovid's description of thePorticus Liviae in the same poem suggests that the shrine was close to or within the porticus. It is possibly to be identified with the small rectangular structure marked on theMarble Plan (frg. 10), but scholarly opinion has been divided on this.[10]
InPompeii, the high priestessEumachia dedicated a building to Concordia Augusta.[11]
^Carlos F. Noreña,Imperial Ideals in the Roman West: Representation, Circulation, Power (Cambridge University Press, 2011), p. 132.
^Anna Clark,Divine Qualities: Cult and Community in Republican Rome (Oxford University Press, 2007), p. 31.
^H.L. Wilson (1912). "A New Collegium at Rome".American Journal of Archaeology.16 (1). Archaeological Institute of America:94–96.doi:10.2307/497104.JSTOR497104.S2CID191390675.
^Claridge, Amanda.Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. (The section about the Temple of Concordia Augusta)
^Flory, Marleen Boudreau (1984). "Sic Exempla Parantur: Livia's Shrine to Concordia and the Porticus Liviae".Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte.33 (3): 310.JSTOR4435892.
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