These tables provide acomparison of operating systems, of computer devices, as listing general and technical information for a number of widely used and currently availablePC or handheld (includingsmartphone andtablet computer)operating systems. The article "Usage share of operating systems" provides a broader, and more general, comparison of operating systems that includesservers,mainframes andsupercomputers.
Because of the large number and variety of availableLinux distributions, they are all grouped under a single entry; seecomparison of Linux distributions for a detailed comparison. There is also a variety of BSD and DOS operating systems, covered incomparison of BSD operating systems andcomparison of DOS operating systems.
The nomenclature for operating systems varies among providers and sometimes within providers.For purposes of this article the terms used are;
License and pricing policies also vary among different systems. The tables below use the following terms:
| Name | Creator | Initial public release | Predecessor | Current stable version | Release date | Cost, availability | Preferredlicense[g 1] | Target system type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AIX | IBM | 1986 | UNIX System V Release 3 | 7.3 | June 20, 2022 | Commercial | Proprietary | Server,NAS,workstation |
| AIX/370 | IBM | 1989 | IX/370 | Release 2.1? | Feb 22, 1991 | Non-free | Proprietary | IBM System/370 AIX/ESA V1 & V2 |
| AIX/ESA | IBM | 1992 | AIX/370,OSF/1 | Version 2 Release 2 | Feb 26, 1993 | Non-free | Proprietary | ESA/370 IBM System/390 |
| AmigaOS classic | Commodore International,Haage & Partner,Hyperion Entertainment | 1985 | TRIPOS (as the disk operating component of AmigaOS) | 3.2.2.1 | April 23, 2023 | Bundled with hardware up to version 3.0 (Amiga International hardware came with 3.1); versions 2.1, 3.0, 3.1, 3.5, 3.9 and the more recent 3.2 (2021) also available as separate packages | Proprietary, open source clone available underAROS Public License | Workstation,personal computer |
| AmigaOS 4 | Hyperion Entertainment | 2004 | AmigaOS classic | 4.1 Final Edition Update 2.1 | January 12, 2021 | 4.0 bundled with hardware; 4.0 for classic and 4.1 available as standalone package at €29 | Proprietary | Workstation,personal computer |
| Android | Android, Inc.,Google | 2008 | None | 16 | June 10, 2025 | No cost | AOSP:Apache-2.0 Linux:GPL-2.0-only | Smartphone,tablet computer |
| ArcaOS | Arca Noae, LLC | 2017 | OS/2 | 5.1.0 | August 27, 2023 | Personal editionUS$139.00 Commercial editionUS$249.00 | Proprietary | Server,workstation,personal computer |
| Classic Mac OS(retronym; had no name originally, later Macintosh System Software) | Apple Computer, Inc. (nowApple Inc.) | 1984 | None[g 2][g 3] | 9.2.2 | 2000 | Discontinued; Was bundled with68k andPowerPC Macs; versions 7.1-9 sold as retail upgrades[1] | Proprietary | Workstation,personal computer |
| ChromeOS | 2011 | none | 129.0.6668.99 | October 1, 2024 | Bundled with hardware,32-bit edition dropped | Proprietary: Google OS Terms of Service. Open-source core system | Chromebook,Chromebox,Chromebase andtablet | |
| ChromiumOS | 2009 | none | Rolling release | October 7, 2021 | No cost | BSD Linux KernelGPL-2.0-only | Personal computer | |
| DragonFly BSD | Matthew Dillon | 2003 | FreeBSD | 6.4.0 | June 9, 2022 | No cost | BSD | Server,workstation, NAS,embedded system |
| eComStation | Serenity Systems, Mensys BV | 2001 | OS/2 | 2.1 | May 20, 2011 | Discontinued; Commercial | Proprietary | Server,workstation,personal computer |
| EPOC32 | Psion PLC | 1996 | ER5 | 1999 | Discontinued; Commercial | Proprietary | PDA | |
| EulerOS | Huawei | 2021 | None | V2.0SP8 | 2022 | No cost | Open source | Server,workstation |
| FreeBSD | The FreeBSD Project | 1993 | 386BSD | 14.1 | June 4, 2024 | No cost | BSD | Server,workstation, Desktop, NAS, embedded system |
| Genode | Genode Labs | 2008 | None | 25.05[2]  | 28 May 2025; 47 days ago (28 May 2025) | No cost | AGPL-3.0-only | Desktop, embedded system,server |
| GhostBSD | Eric Turgeon | 2009 | FreeBSD | 21.05[3] | May 13, 2021 | No cost | BSD | Desktop,workstation |
| Linux | Notable contributors include:Richard Stallman forGNU Project andLinus Torvalds forLinux and the Unixes they emulated;Red Hat,Debian Project See:Comparison of Linux distributions andLinux kernel#Development | 1991 (kernel), See:Comparison of Linux distributions andHistory of Linux | None | 6.15.6[4] (kernel) | 10 July 2025; 4 days ago (10 July 2025) (kernel) | No cost | GPL-2.0-only (kernel) | See:Comparison of Linux distributions |
| Haiku | Haiku Inc. | 2002 | BeOS R5 | R1/Beta 5 | September 13, 2024 | No cost | MIT | Personal computer |
| HP NonStop | HP (nowHewlett Packard Enterprise) | 1976 | None | H06.24/J06.13 | 2012 | Bundled with hardware? | Proprietary | HP Nonstop Servers |
| HP-UX | HP (nowHewlett Packard Enterprise) | 1983 | UNIX System V | HP-UX 11i v3 2023 / May 2023 | May 2022 | US$400 | Proprietary | Server |
| HarmonyOS | Huawei | 2019 | OpenHarmony,LiteOS | 5.0.0.102(SP3C00E73R4P17) | October 23, 2024 | Bundled with hardware and updates at no cost given to most existing users, subject to hardware requirements | Proprietary software except for open-source components | Internet of things,Smartphone,tablet computer,education,embedded system,smart watches |
| IBM i | IBM | 1988 | CPF,SSP | 7.5 | May 10, 2022 | Bundled with hardware | Proprietary | Server |
| Inferno | Bell Labs | 1996 | Plan 9 | Fourth Edition | June 30, 2009 | No cost | MIT | NAS,server, embedded |
| iOS (originally iPhone OS) | Apple Inc. | 2007 | macOS | 17.1.1 | November 7, 2023 | Bundled with hardware and updates at no cost given to most existing users, subject to hardware requirements | Proprietary higher level API layers; open source core system (ARM versions):APSL, GNU GPL, others | Smartphone,music player,tablet |
| IRIX | SGI | 1988 | UNIX System V | 6.5.30 | 2006 | Discontinued; Bundled with hardware | Proprietary | Server,workstation |
| IX/370 | IBM | 1985 | UNIX System V | Release 1.4? | Sep 25, 1987 | Non-free | Proprietary | IBM System/370 |
| macOS (originallyMac OS X) | Apple Inc. | 2001 | NeXTSTEP,BSD | 15.1 | October 28, 2024 | Bundled with hardware; No cost for updates and upgrades via Mac App Store for users of Mac OS X 10.6 or later | Proprietary higher level API layers; open source core system (Apple Silicon-Intel-PowerPC versions):APSL, GNU GPL, others | Workstation,personal computer, embedded |
| macOS Server (originallyMac OS X Server) | Apple Inc. | 2001 | NeXTSTEP, BSD | 5.12 | May 2, 2021 | Discontinued; Previously bundled with hardware; No longer a separate operating system, but a group of services installed atop any version of macOS Monterey; US$19.99 on the Mac App Store | Proprietary higher level API layers; open source core system (Intel-PowerPC versions): APSL, GNU GPL, others | Server |
| MCP | Unisys | 1961 | None | CP OS 20.0 | May 2021 | Bundled with hardware | Proprietary | Server |
| MenuetOS | Ville Turjanmaa and others | 2000 | None | 1.49.00 | 2023 | OS written in assembly language | GPL orNo cost | Workstation |
| MINIX 3 | Andrew S. Tanenbaum | 2005 | Minix2 | 3.3.0 | 2014 | No cost | BSD-3-Clause | Workstation |
| MPE | HP | 1974 | None | MPE-V | 1988 | Discontinued; Was bundled with HP-3000 CISC hardware "Classic" | Proprietary | Server |
| MPE/XL | HP | 1987 | MPE | 7.5 | 2002 | Discontinued; Was bundled with HP-3000 PA-RISC hardware | Proprietary | Server |
| MVS (OS/VS2 R2 through R3.8) | IBM | 1972 | OS/360 MVT,SVS | Release 3.8 | 1974 | Free (discontinued) | Open source | IBM System/370 |
| MVS (MVS/SE through MVS/ESA) | IBM | March 1978 | OS/VS2 R3.7 for MVS/SE R1 OS/VS2 R3.8 for MVS/SE R2 through MVS/ESA | z/OS Version 2.5 (V2R5) | September 30, 2021 | Price tied to processor capacity | One Time Charge or monthly | S/370 |
| NetBSD | The NetBSD Project | 1993 | 386BSD | 9.3 | August 4, 2022 | No cost | BSD | NAS,server,workstation, embedded |
| NetWare | Novell | 1985 | S-Net | 6.5 SP8 | May 6, 2009 | Superseded byNovell Open Enterprise Server; WasUS$184 (equivalent to $269.68 in 2024) (one-user) | Proprietary | Server |
| NeXTSTEP | NeXT | 1989 | Unix | 3.3 | 1995 | Discontinued; Was bundled with hardware, then sold separately | Proprietary | Workstation |
| OpenBSD | OpenBSD Project | 1996 | NetBSD 1.0 | 7.7 | 28 April, 2025 | No cost | ISC | Server, NAS,workstation, embedded |
| OpenIndiana | Many, based on software developed bySun Microsystems and many others | 2010 | OpenSolaris | 2023.04 | April 30, 2021 | No cost | CDDL | Server,workstation |
| OpenVMS | DEC (now VSI) | 1977 | RSX-11M | V9.2-3 | November 20, 2024 | Commercial, no cost for non-commercial use | Proprietary | Server,workstation |
| OpenHarmony | Various (OpenAtom Foundation,Huawei and others) | 2020 | HarmonyOS,LiteOS | 5.0.0 Release | September 29, 2024 | No cost | Apache-2.0 | Internet of things,embedded system,smart watches,mobile devices,personal computers |
| Oniro | Various (Eclipse Foundation,Huawei and others) | 2021 | None | 4.1 | June 21, 2024 | No cost | Eclipse License,Apache-2.0 | Internet of things,embedded system,smart watches,mobile devices,personal computers |
| OS/2 | IBM andMicrosoft | 1987 | MS-DOS | 4.52 | 2001 | Discontinued (see ArcaOS successor); WasUS$300 (equivalent to $532.74 in 2024) | Proprietary | Personal computer,server |
| OS/360 | IBM | 1966 | None | Operating System/360 R21.8 | August 1972 | Free (discontinued) | Open source | S/360 S/370 |
| OS/390 | IBM | 1995 | MVS/ESA | OS/390 version 2 R10 | September 29, 2000 | Price tied to processor capacity | One Time Charge or monthly | S/390 |
| OS 2200 | Unisys | 1967 as Exec 8e | Exec 8, OS 1100 | CP OS 18 (Exec 49.2) | July 18, 2018 | Bundled with hardware | Proprietary | Server |
| OS/VS1 | IBM | 1972 | OS/360 MFT II | Release 7.0? | Free (discontinued) | — | IBM System/370 | |
| OS/VS2SVS | IBM | 1972 | OS/360 MVT | Release 1.7 | Free (discontinued) | — | IBM System/370 | |
| Plan 9 | Bell Labs | 1992 | Unix | Fourth Edition | 2003 (except for minor later updates) | No cost | MIT[5] | Workstation,server, embedded system,HPC |
| QNX | QNX Software Systems | 1982 | Unix,POSIX | 7.1.0 | July 2020 | Bundled with BlackBerry 10 and PlayBook devices. Commercial; an academic version exists that needs authorization code before installing | Proprietary | Automotive, medical, smartphone, consumer, industrial, embedded system, safety |
| ReactOS | ReactOS development team | 1998 | Windows NT(clone of) | 0.4.14 | April 9, 2020 | No cost | GPL-2.0-or-later | Workstation,personal computer |
| Redox | Jeremy Soller | 2015 | - | 0.7.0 | April 28, 2022 | No cost | MIT | Desktop,workstation,server |
| RISC iX | Acorn Computers | 1988 | BSD 4.3 | 1.21c | 1993 | Discontinued; Was bundled with hardware | Proprietary | Workstation |
| RISC OS | Acorn Computers | 1987 | Arthur | 3.71 | 1997 | Discontinued; Was bundled with hardware | Proprietary | Education,personal computer |
| RISC OS 4 | RISCOS Ltd,Pace plc | 1999 | RISC OS | 4.39 | 2004 | Bundled with hardware, then sold separately at £70 (US$127) | Proprietary | Education,personal computer |
| RISC OS 5 | Castle Technology,RISC OS Open | 2002 | RISC OS 4 | 5.28[6] | 2020 | No cost | Apache-2.0 | Education,personal computer |
| RISC OS 6 | RISCOS Ltd | 2006 | RISC OS 4 | 6.20 | 2009 | Bundled with hardware, then sold separately at £70 (US$127) | Proprietary | Education,personal computer |
| SerenityOS | Andreas Kling | 2018 | None | Continuous integration | N/A | No cost | BSD-2-Clause | Workstation,personal computer |
| Solaris | Sun (nowOracle Corporation) | 1992 | SunOS | 11.4 | August 28, 2018 | Commercial; (a perpetual license at no cost when used "for the purpose of developing, testing, prototyping and demonstrating your applications"[7]) | CDDL | Server,workstation |
| STOP 6, XTS-400 | BAE Systems | 2003 | STOP 5, XTS-300 | 8.2 | August 2008 | US$60,000 (equivalent to $87,626 in 2024)+; bundled with XTS hardware andOEM licensed | Proprietary | Server,workstation |
| Symbian | Symbian Ltd. | 1998 | EPOC32 | 9.5 | 2009 | Discontinued; Commercial | Proprietary | Phone |
| Symbian platform | Symbian Foundation | 2010 (initially 1998 as Symbian) | Symbian | 3.0.4 | 2010 | No cost | EPL | Embedded system |
| TempleOS | Terry Davis | 2005 (as J Operating System) | None | 5.03 | 2017 | No cost | Public domain | Personal computer |
| Tru64 | Digital Equipment Corporation | January 1992 | OSF/1 | 5.1B-6 | October 1, 2010 | Bundled with hardware | Proprietary | Server,workstation,HPC |
| VME | ICL | 1974 | None | SV294 | 1994 | Bundled with hardware | Proprietary | ICL mainframe |
| VSEn | 21st Century Software | 1979 (as DOS/VSE) | DOS/360 DOS/VS | 6.3 | May 17, 2022 | Monthly license fee | Proprietary | IBM Z |
| VxWorks | Wind River Systems | 1987 | VRTX | 7 | March 2014 | Paid | Proprietary | Embedded real-time system |
| Windows (classic 9x family) | Microsoft | 1995 | MS-DOS | Windows Me (Win 4.90.3000) | 2000 | Discontinued | Proprietary | Personal computer, media center |
| Windows (NT family) | Microsoft | 1993 | OS/2 andWindows 3.1x | Windows 11 (version 24H2) | June 15, 2024 | One time license fee | Proprietary;Source-available | Workstation,personal computer,media center,Tablet PC, embedded system |
| Windows Server (NT family) | Microsoft | 1993 | OS/2 | Windows Server 2025 (version 10.0.26100.2605) | November 1, 2024 | US$1050 5 CALs server; other editions dependent on number ofCALs purchased | Proprietary;Source-available | Server, NAS, embedded system |
| z/OS | IBM | 2000 | OS/390 | Version 2.5 (V2R5) | September 30, 2021 | Price tied to processor capacity | One Time Charge or monthly | IBM Z |
| z/VM | IBM | 2000 | VM/ESA | 7.4 | September 20, 2024[8] | Monthly license fee | Proprietary | IBM Z |
| ZETA | yellowTAB | 2005 | BeOS R5 | 1.5 | 2007 | Discontinued | Proprietary | Personal computer, media center,workstation |
| Name | Creator | Initial public release | Predecessor | Current stable version | Release date | Cost, availability | Preferred license[g 1] | Target system type |
| Name | Computer architectures supported | File systems supported | Kernel type | Source lines of code | GUI default is on[t 1] | Package management | Update management | NativeAPIs[t 2] | Non-native APIs supported through subsystems |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AIX | POWER,PowerPC-AS,PowerPC,Power ISA | JFS,JFS2,ISO 9660,UDF,NFS,SMBFS,GPFS | Monolithic withmodules | No | installp,RPM | Service Update Management Assistant (SUMA) | SysV/POSIX | ||
| AmigaOS classic | 68k,PowerPC | Proprietary (OFS,FFS,SFS,PFS),FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, many others via 3rd party drivers, such asSMBFS, etc. | Microkernel | Yes | Installer[t 3] (almost not needed)[t 4] | Proprietary | BSD subset (available through 3rd partyixemul.library) | ||
| AmigaOS 4 | PowerPC | Proprietary (OFS, FFS, SFS, PFS), JXFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, many others via 3rd party drivers, such as SMBFS, etc. | Microkernel | Yes | Installer[t 3] (almost not needed)[t 4] | AmiUpdate (almost not needed)[t 5] | Proprietary | BSD subset (available through 3rd partyixemul.library) | |
| ArcaOS | IA-32 | JFS (default),HPFS,ISO 9660,UDF,FAT32,NTFS | Hybrid | Yes | ANPM (based on YUM and RPM) | Update Facility | OS/2 | POSIX, Win16, DOS, Win32, Java | |
| ChromeOS | ARM,IA-32,x86-64 | eCryptfs,NTFS,FAT,FAT16,FAT32,exFAT,ext2,ext3,ext4,HFS+,MTP (read and write),ISO9660 (read-only),UDF (read-only) | Monolithic with modules | ≈17 million[9] | Yes | Portage | Linux/POSIX | ||
| DragonFly BSD | x86-64 | UFS1, MFS,ext2,FAT (16/32),HAMMER,ISO 9660 | Hybrid | No | dports, pkg | git,cvsup, rsync, pkg | BSD/POSIX | Mono, Java, Win16,[t 6]Win32,[t 6] Linux | |
| eComStation | IA-32 | HPFS (default), FAT,JFS, UDF,FAT32,NTFS (read only) | Hybrid | Yes | WarpIN, Feature Install, others | Maintenance Tool | Proprietary,DOS API, Win16 | POSIX,Java, others | |
| FreeBSD | IA-32,x86-64,ARM,MIPS,PowerPC,others | UFS2,ZFS,ext2,ext3,ext4,FAT,ISO 9660, UDF,NFS, others | Monolithic with modules | 6.25 million[10] | No | Ports collection, packages | by source, network binary update (freebsdupdate) | BSD/POSIX | Mono, Java, Win16,[t 6]Win32,[t 6] Linux |
| Genode | ARM,RISC-V,IA-32,x86-64 | ext2,ext3,FAT32,ISO9660 | Microkernel orMonolithic kernel | ≈300,000[citation needed] | No | Custom | None | Genode | POSIX, Qt, SDL,MirageOS[11] |
| GhostBSD | IA-32,x86-64 | UFS2,ext2,ext3, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS,ReiserFS (read only),XFS (experimental),ZFS, others | Monolithic with modules | Yes | Ports collection, packages | by source, network binary update (freebsdupdate) | BSD/POSIX | Mono, Java, Win16,[t 6]Win32,[t 6] Linux | |
| Linux | IA-32, x86-64, ARM, PowerPC, SPARC,others | ext2, ext3,ext4,btrfs, ReiserFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, and others | Monolithic with modules | ≈15 million (kernel)[12] lines of code foruserland libraries and applications vary depending on the distribution | Yes | Depends on the distribution | Linux/POSIX | Mono, Java, Win16,[t 6] Win32[t 6] | |
| Haiku | IA-32, PowerPC, x86-64 | BFS (default), FAT, ISO 9660, ext3, NTFS | Hybrid | ≈5.2 million[citation needed] | Yes | Ports collection (haikuport) | pkgman, HaikuDepot | POSIX,BeOS API | Java, Qt |
| HP-UX | PA-RISC,IA-64 | VxFS,HFS,CDFS,EVFS,NFS,CIFS | Monolithic with modules | No | SD, swinstall | swa (HP-UX Software Assistant) | SysV/POSIX | ||
| HarmonyOS | 64-bitARM,RISC-V,x86,x64 and LoongArch | HMDFS,EROFS,NFS, RAMFS, FAT, JFFS2,exFAT | Microkernel | ≈239.6 million[13] (100 Deterministic Latency Engine)[14] | Yes | .app with HAP files | Software Update | Proprietary | Java until 3.0.0 |
| Inferno | IA-32, PowerPC, SPARC,Alpha,MIPS, others | Styx/9P2000, kfs, FAT, ISO 9660 | Monolithic with modules,user space file systems | Yes | ? | ? | Proprietary | ||
| iOS | ARMv8-A (iOS 7–present),ARMv7-A (iPhone OS 3–iOS 10),ARMv6 (iPhone OS 1–iOS 4.2.1) | HFS+ (prior to version 10.3),APFS (since version 10.3) | Hybrid | ≈80 million[citation needed] | Yes | ? | Software Update | Cocoa, BSD-POSIX | ? |
| Classic Mac OS | 68k, PowerPC | HFS+,HFS,MFS (Mac OS 8.0 and before),AFP, ISO 9660, FAT(System 7 and later), UDF | Monolithic with modules | Yes | None | Software Update (only in Mac OS 9) | Toolbox,Carbon (from version 8.1) | ||
| macOS | Apple silicon (11-present), x86-64 (10.4.7–present), IA-32 (10.4.4–10.6.8), PowerPC (10.0–10.5.8) (see also iOS for ARM) | HFS+ (default on hard drives, and on flash drives up to Sierra),APFS (default on flash drives in High Sierra), HFS, UFS, AFP, ISO 9660, FAT, UDF, NFS, SMBFS, NTFS (read only),FTP,WebDAV, ZFS (experimental) | Hybrid with modules | ≈86 million[15] | Yes | macOS Installer | Software Update | Carbon,Cocoa, Java, BSD-POSIX | Toolbox (only in versions up to Mac OS X 10.4, not supported on x86 architecture), Win16,[t 6] Win32[t 6] |
| MINIX 3 | IA-32 | Microkernel | ≈12,000 (C) + ≈1,400 (Assembly)[16] | No | POSIX | ||||
| NetBSD | IA-32, x86-64, ARM, MIPS, PowerPC,sparc64,others | UFS, UFS2, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, NFS,LFS, and others | Monolithic with modules | No[t 7] | pkgsrc | by source or binary (using sysinst) | BSD-POSIX | Linux,others | |
| NetWare | 16-bit x86, IA-32 | NSS,NWFS, FAT, NFS, AFP, UDF,CIFS, ISO 9660 | Hybrid | Yes | NWCONFIG.NLM,RPM,X11-based GUI installer | binary updates, ZENWorks for Servers,Red Carpet | Proprietary | ||
| OpenBSD | IA-32, x86-64, SPARC, 68k, Alpha,others | ffs, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, NFS, some others | Monolithic | No[t 7] | Ports collection, packages | by source or binary (packages via pkg_add) | BSD-POSIX | ||
| OpenVMS | VAX, Alpha, IA-64, x86-64 | Files-11 (ODS), ISO 9660, NFS,CIFS | Monolithic with modules | No | PCSI, VMSINSTAL | ? | Proprietary | POSIX,RSX-11M | |
| OS/2 | 16-bit x86 (1.x only), IA-32 | HPFS, JFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS | Monolithic with modules | Yes | Feature Install and others | ? | Proprietary,DOS API, Win16 | Win32 | |
| OpenHarmony | 64-bitARM,RISC-V,x86,x64 and LoongArch | HMDFS,EROFS, NFS, RAMFS, FAT, JFFS2,exFAT | Multi-kernel | ≈110 million+[17] | Yes | .app with HAP files | Software Update | Open-source,ArkUI, OpenHarmony API Kits | Java until 3.0.0,React Native,Qt,Flutter,Electron,CEF |
| Oniro | 64-bitARM,RISC-V,x86,x64 | HMDFS,EROFS, NFS, RAMFS, FAT, JFFS2,exFAT | Multi-kernel | Yes | .app with HAP files | Software Update | Open-source,ArkUI, OpenHarmony and Oniro API Kits, React Native for ArkUI | React Native,Qt,Flutter,Electron,CEF | |
| Plan 9 | IA-32, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC, SPARC, others | fossil/venti,9P2000, kfs, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660 | Hybrid,user space file systems | ≈2.5 Million /sys/src (complete source of all supported architectures, kernels, commands and libraries) | Yes | None | replica | Proprietary (Unix-like) | POSIX compatibility layer |
| QNX | x86,SH-4, PowerPC, ARM, MIPS | QNX4FS, QNX6, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660,Joliet, NFS, CIFS, ETFS, UDF,HFS, HFS+, NTFS, others | Microkernel | POSIX, Java | |||||
| ReactOS | IA-32, PowerPC, ARM | FAT, BTRFS, and NTFS (read only) | Hybrid | nearly 8 million[18] | Yes | ReactOS Applications Manager,MSI, custom installers | None | Win32,NT API | DOS API |
| Redox | x86-64 | RedoxFS, TFS | Microkernel | Yes | pkgutils | POSIX | |||
| RISC OS | ARM (both 26 and 32-bit addressing modes) | Acorn ADFS,Econet ANFS, FAT, ISO 9660, many others as loadable filesystems | Monolithic with modules. Cooperative multitasking with limited memory protection.[19] | Yes | Applications self-contained; hardware drivers often in ROM | !IyoUpWtch | Huge number ofSWI calls; extensive C libraries | ||
| SerenityOS | x86, x86-64 | ext2 | Microkernel | ≈750,000 | Yes | None | None | POSIX, propertiary | |
| Solaris | IA-32, x86-64, SPARC | UFS, ZFS, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS,QFS, some others | Monolithic with modules | Yes | SysV packages (pkgadd) Image Packaging System (pkg) (Solaris 11 and later) | Image Packaging System (Solaris 11 and later) | SysV/POSIX,GTK, Java | Win16,[t 6] Win32,[t 6] Mono, Linux[t 8] | |
| OpenSolaris | IA-32, x86-64, SPARC(AI) | UFS, ZFS, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, QFS, some others | Monolithic with modules | ≈18.8 million[20] | Yes | Image Packaging System (pkg),SysV packages (pkgadd) | Image Packaging System | SysV/POSIX, GTK, Java | Win16,[t 6] Win32,[t 6] Mono, Linux[t 8] |
| STOP 6, XTS-400 | x86 | Proprietary | Monolithic | No | RPM for some untrusted applications | Binary updates via postal mail and proprietary tools | Some: SysV, POSIX, Linux, proprietary | ||
| Symbian | ARM | FAT | Microkernel | Yes | SIS files | FOTA | Proprietary | POSIX compatibility layer | |
| TrueOS | IA-32, x86-64[t 9] | UFS2, ext2, ext3, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, ReiserFS (read only),XFS (experimental) and others | Monolithic with modules | Yes | Ports collection, packages, PBI Graphical Installers | by PBI updates, source, network binary update (freebsdupdate) | BSD-POSIX | Win16,[t 6] Win32[t 6] | |
| Windows Server (NT family) | IA-32, x86-64, IA-64 | NTFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF; 3rd-party drivers support ext2, ext3, ReiserFS,[t 10] and HFS | Hybrid with modules | ≈45 million[21] | Yes | MSI, custom installers | Windows Update | Win32, NT API | DOS API,Win16 (only in 32-bit versions), POSIX,.NET |
| Windows (NT family) | IA-32, x86-64, ARM, IA-64, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC | NTFS, FATexFAT ISO 9660, UDF; 3rd-party drivers supportbtrfs, ext2, ext3, ReiserFS,[t 10]HFS+,FATX, and HFS (with third party driver) | Hybrid with modules | ≈40 (XP)/64 (Vista and later) million[citation needed] | Yes | MSI, custom installers | Windows Update | Win32, NT API | DOS API,Win16 (only in 32-bit versions), POSIX, .NET |
| ZETA | IA-32 | BFS (default), FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, HFS, AFP, ext2, CIFS, NTFS (read only), ReiserFS (read only, up to v3.6) | Hybrid | Yes | SoftwareValet, script-based installers | None | POSIX, BeOS API | ||
| z/OS | z/Architecture | VSAM, BDAM, QSAM, BPAM, HFS, zFS, etc. | Protected, multithreading, multitasking nucleus with programmable/user replaceable extensions. Not kernel-based.[clarification needed] | No | None,SMP/E | SMP/E | Filesystem access methods, Systems Services, etc. | POSIX, many others. | |
| Name | Computer architectures supported | File systems supported | Kernel type | Source lines of code | GUI default is on[t 1] | Package management | Update management | Native APIs[t 2] | Non-native APIs supported through subsystems |
Libs: standard virtual device and absolute path finder forLibs directory, Fonts are all inFonts: absolute locator, the files for language localization are all stored inLocale: and so on). This leaves Amiga users with a minimal knowledge of the system almost free to perform by hand the update of the system files.| Name | Resource access control | Subsystem isolation mechanisms | Integrated firewall | Encrypted file systems | No execute (NX) page flag | Manufacturer acknowledged unpatched vulnerabilities (by severity)[s 1] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Secunia | Security- Focus | |||||||||||
Hardware | Emulation | Extremely critical (number / oldest) | Highly critical (number / oldest) | Moderately critical (number / oldest) | Less critical (number / oldest) | Not critical (number / oldest) | Total (number / oldest) | |||||
| AIX 7.1 | POSIX,ACLs,MAC,Trusted AIX - MLS,RBAC | chroot | IPFilter,IPsec VPNs, basic IDS | Yes | Yes[s 2] | — | Unknown | 0 | ||||
| FreeBSD 10.1 | POSIX,ACLs,MAC | chroot,Jails, MAC partitions,multilevel security,Biba Model, BSD file flags set usingchflags, CapsicumCapability-based security | IPFW2,IPFilter,PF,IPsec | Yes | Yes | Yes[s 3] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | >0 |
| GhostBSD 3.1 | POSIX, ACLs, MAC | chroot,jail, MAC partitions, BSD file flags set usingchflags | IPFW2, IPFilter,PF | Yes | Yes | Yes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | >0 |
| Genode | Hierarchal,[22]least privilege | capability-based security | Virtual switch andNAPT controls in user-space | No | kernel dependent | No | Unknown | |||||
| HP-UX 11.31 | POSIX, ACLs | chroot | IPFilter | Yes | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 3 June 30, 2004; 21 years ago (2004-06-30) | 2 December 12, 2002; 22 years ago (2002-12-12) | 0 | >0 |
| Inferno | POSIX | Namespaces,[23]capability-based security, nosuperuser orsetuid bit | ? | ? | No | No | Unknown | >0 | ||||
| Linux-based 2.6.39 | POSIX, ACLs,[s 4] MAC | chroot,[s 5]seccomp,Namespaces,SELinux,AppArmor | Netfilter, varied by distribution | Yes | Yes | Yes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 June 24, 2004; 21 years ago (2004-06-24) | 11 April 4, 2005; 20 years ago (2005-04-04) | >0 |
| Mac OS 9.2.2 | No | No | No | No | No | No | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | >0 |
| OS X 10.10.5 | POSIX, ACLs[s 6] | chroot, BSD file flags set using chflags | ipfw | Yes | Yes (as of 10.5, X64 only) | Yes (Intel only) | 0 | 0 | 1 April 14, 2009; 16 years ago (2009-04-14) | 2 January 8, 2007; 18 years ago (2007-01-08) | 5 November 22, 2006; 18 years ago (2006-11-22) | >0 |
| NetBSD 6.1.2 | POSIX,Veriexec, PaX, kauth | chroot, kauth, BSD file flags set using chflags | IPFilter,NPF, PF | Yes | Yes | No | Unknown | >0 | ||||
| NetWare 6.5 SP8 | Directory-enabled ACLs | Protected address spaces | IPFLT.NLM | Yes | Yes | No | 0 | 0 | 1 August 31, 2010; 14 years ago (2010-08-31) | 2 October 30, 2003; 21 years ago (2003-10-30) | 0 | 0 |
| OES-Linux | Directory-enabled ACLs | chroot | IPFilter | Yes | Yes | No | Unknown | >0 | ||||
| OpenBSD 4.8 | POSIX | chroot, systrace, BSD file flags set using chflags | PF | Yes | Yes | Yes | Unknown | >0 | ||||
| OpenVMS 9.2 | ACLs,privileges | logical name tables | ? | ? | Yes | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Unknown |
| OS/2,eComStation,ArcaOS | ACLs[s 7] | No | IPFilter | No | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| TrueOS 8.1 | POSIX, ACLs, MAC | chroot, jail, MAC partitions | IPFW2, IPFilter, PF | Yes[s 8] | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | >0 |
| Plan 9 | POSIX ? | Namespaces,[23] capability-based security, no superuser or setuid bit | ipmux | Yes | No | No | Unknown | >0 | ||||
| QNX 6.5.0 | POSIX | ? | PF, from NetBSD | ? | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 November 20, 2002; 22 years ago (2002-11-20) | 1 November 7, 2002; 22 years ago (2002-11-07) | Unknown |
| RISC OS | No | No | IPFilter | No | No | No | Unknown | |||||
| Solaris 10 | POSIX, RBAC, ACLs,least privilege,Trusted Extensions | chroot,Containers,[s 9]Logical Domains | IPFilter | Yes[s 10] | Yes | No | 0 | 2 October 31, 2007; 17 years ago (2007-10-31) | 5 October 23, 2007; 17 years ago (2007-10-23) | 3 September 10, 2009; 15 years ago (2009-09-10) | 2 November 6, 2006; 18 years ago (2006-11-06) | >0 |
| OpenSolaris 2009.06 | POSIX, RBAC, ACLs, least privilege, Trusted Extensions | chroot, Containers,[s 9] Logical Domains | IPFilter | Yes[s 10] | Yes | No | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | >0 |
| Windows Server 2012 | ACLs, privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, desktop, job objects | Windows Firewall | Yes | Yes | Yes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | [Unknown] |
| Windows 8.1 | ACLs, privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, desktop, job objects | Windows Firewall | Yes | Yes | Yes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 May 30, 2014; 11 years ago (2014-05-30) | [Unknown] |
| ZETA | POSIX[s 11] | No | No | No | No | No | Unknown | |||||
| STOP 6, XTS-400[s 12] | POSIX,multilevel security,Biba Model mandatory integrity, ACLs, privileges, subtype mechanism | Multilevel security, Biba Model, subtype mechanism | No | No | No | No | Unknown | |||||
| z/OS 1.11 | RACF | RACF, low storage protection, page protection, storage protect key, execution key, subspace group facility, APF, ACR (alternate CPU recovery), more | z/OS IPSecurity | Optional | Yes (storage protect key, execution key, APF, more) | Yes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Unknown |
| Name | Resource access control | Subsystem isolation mechanisms | Integrated firewall | Encrypted file systems | Hardware | Emulation | Extremely critical (number / oldest) | Highly critical (number / oldest) | Moderately critical (number / oldest) | Less critical (number / oldest) | Not critical (number / oldest) | Total (number / oldest) |
| No execute (NX) page flag | Secunia | Security- Focus | ||||||||||
| Known unpatched vulnerabilities (severity is accounted for)[s 1] | ||||||||||||
ForPOSIX compliant (or partly compliant) systems likeFreeBSD,Linux,macOS orSolaris, the basic commands are the same because they are standardized.
| Feature | AROS | FreeBSD | Linux-based | HP-UX | OpenVMS | macOS | Solaris | Windows (cmd) | Windows (PowerShell) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| List directory | list, dir | ls | ls | ls | dir | ls | ls | dir | Get-ChildItem |
| Clear console | clear | clear | clear | clear | ty/pa nl: | clear | clear | cls | Clear-Host |
| Copy file(s) | copy | cp | cp | cp | copy | cp | cp | copy | Copy-Item |
| Move file(s) | move | mv | mv | mv | ren | mv | mv | move | Move-Item |
| Rename file(s) | rename | mv | mv, rename | mv | ren | mv | mv | ren (rename) | Rename-Item |
| Delete file(s) | delete | rm | rm | rm | del | rm | rm | del (erase) | Remove-Item |
| Delete directory | delete | rmdir | rmdir | rmdir | del | rmdir | rmdir | rd (rmdir) | Remove-Item |
| Create directory | makedir | mkdir | mkdir | mkdir | create/dir | mkdir | mkdir | md (mkdir) | New-Item |
| Change current directory | cd[c 1] | cd | cd | cd | set def | cd | cd | cd (chdir) | Set-Location |
| Run shell script with new shell | shell file.shell | sh file.sh | sh file.sh | sh file.sh | @ file.com | sh file.sh | sh file.sh | cmd /c file.cmd | powershell file.ps1 |
| Kill processes | ? | kill, killall | killall, pkill, kill, skill | kill | stop | kill, killall | kill, pkill | taskkill | Stop-Process |
| Change process priority | changetaskpri | nice | nice, chrt | nice | set proc/prio | nice | nice | start /low, start /normal, start /high, start /realtime | Start-Process, wmic |
| ChangeI/O priority | ? | [c 2] | ionice | ? | set proc/prio | nice[c 3] | ? | ? | ? |
| Create file system | format | newfs | mkfs | newfs | init | mkfs | newfs, zpool / zfs create | format | Format-Volume |
| File system check and recovery | ? | fsck | fsck | fsck | analyze/disk | fsck | fsck | chkdsk | Repair-Volume |
| Create software raid | ? | atacontrol, gmirror, zfs create | mdadm -C | ? | ? | diskutil appleRAID | metainit, zpool create | diskpart (mirror only) | diskpart (mirror only) |
| Mount device | mount | mount | mount | mount | mount | mount, diskutil mount | mount | mountvol | New-PSDrive |
| Unmount device | assign drivename: dismount | umount | umount | umount | dismount | umount, diskutil unmount(disk) | umount | mountvol /d | Remove-PSDrive |
| Mount file as block device | ? | mdconfig + mount | mount -o loop | ? | ? | hdid | lofiadm + mount | ? | ? |
| Show network configuration | ? | ifconfig | ip addr, ifconfig | ifconfig, lanadmin | tcpip sh net (sh net) | ifconfig | ifconfig | ipconfig | Get-NetIPInterface, ipconfig |
| Show network route | ? | netstat -r, route get, route monitor | ip route, route | netstat -r | tcpip sh route | netstat -r, route get, route monitor | netstat -r | route | Get-NetRoute |
| Trace network route | ? | traceroute | traceroute | traceroute | tcptrace | traceroute | traceroute | tracert | Test-NetConnection |
| Trace network route with pings | ? | traceroute -I | traceroute -I, mtr | ? | tcptrace | traceroute -I | traceroute -I | pathping | pathping |
| Feature | AROS | FreeBSD | Linux-based | HP-UX | OpenVMS | macOS | Solaris | Windows (cmd) | Windows (PowerShell) |
NOTE: Linux systems may vary by distribution which specific program, or even 'command' is called, via the POSIXalias function. For example, if you wanted to use the DOSdir to give you a directory listing with one detailed file listing per line you could usealiasdir='ls -lahF' (e.g. in a session configuration file).
86 million lines of source code that was ported to run on an entirely new architecture with zero hiccups.
