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Comparison of ASCII encodings of the International Phonetic Alphabet

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article containsphonetic transcriptions in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

TheInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) consists of more than 100 letters and diacritics. BeforeUnicode became widely available, severalASCII-based encoding systems of the IPA were proposed. The alphabet went through a large revision at theKiel Convention of 1989, and the vowel symbols again in 1993.^[1] Systems devised before these revisions inevitably lack support for the additions they introduced.

Only language-neutral systems are discussed below because language-dependent ones (such asARPABET) do not allow for a systematic comparison.

General information

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System	Author(s)	Created	Last updated	Note	Ref
Branner(unnamed)	David Prager Branner at theUniversity of Washington	1994	?		^[2]
Millar & Oasa(unnamed)	J. Bruce Millar and Hiroaki Oasa atAustralian National University	1981	1981		^[3]
PHONASCII	George D. Allen atPurdue University	1988	1988	Not a direct mapping of the IPA. Segments are separated by spaces, and diacritics by commas.	^[4]
Praat	Paul Boersma and David Weenink at theUniversity of Amsterdam	1992	2025	A subset of a larger set of backslash trigraphs also comprising international and mathematical characters. The symbols can be typed in ASCII but will be visualized as the normal Unicode glyphs.	^[5]
IPA (SIL) Keyboard	SIL International	1994	2021		^[6]
UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database (UPSID)	Ian Maddieson at theUniversity of California, Los Angeles	1984	?	Presented here is the scheme used for representing phonemes in the database of phonological inventories. Consequently, it is not designed for transcription of multiple segments and does not have symbols for values not found phonemically in the languages sampled.	^[7]
Usenet ASCII-IPA transcription	Participants insci.lang andalt.usage.englishnewsgroups (later maintained by Evan Kirshenbaum atHP Labs)	1991	2011	Also known variously as "ASCII-IPA", "Kirshenbaum", etc.^[8]IETF language subtags registerfonkirsh to identify text in this convention.^[9]	^[10]
Worldbet	James L. Hieronymus atAT&T Bell Laboratories	1994	1994	Segments are separated by spaces.	^[11]
X-SAMPA	John C. Wells atUniversity College London	1995	2000	IETF language subtags registerfonxsamp to identify text in this convention.^[9]	^[12]

Symbols

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Only the symbols in the latestIPA chart are included. The numbers in the leftmost column, according to which the symbols are sorted, are theIPA Numbers. Some of the IPA symbols to which a system lacks a corresponding symbol may still be represented in that system by use of a modifier (diacritic), but such combinations are not included unless the documentation explicitly assigns one for the value.

#	IPA	Branner	M&O	PHONASCII	Praat	SIL	UPSID	Usenet	Worldbet	X-SAMPA	Value
101	p	`p`	`p`	`p`	`p`	`p`	`p`	`p`	`p`	`p`	Voiceless bilabial plosive
102	b	`b`	`b`	`b`	`b`	`b`	`b`	`b`	`b`	`b`	Voiced bilabial plosive
103	t	`t`	`t`	`t`	`t`	`t`	`t`	`t`	`t`	`t`	Voiceless alveolar plosive
104	d	`d`	`d`	`d`	`d`	`d`	`d`	`d`	`d`	`d`	Voiced alveolar plosive
105	ʈ	`tr)`	`t(`	`tr`	`\t.`	`t<`	`t.`	`t.`	`tr`	t`	Voiceless retroflex plosive
106	ɖ	`dr)`	`d(`	`dr`	`\d.`	`d<`	`d.`	`d.`	`dr`	d`	Voiced retroflex plosive
107	c	`c`	`c`	`c`	`c`	`c`	`c`	`c`	`c`	`c`	Voiceless palatal plosive
108	ɟ	`j-`	`J`	`J`	`\j-`	`j=`	`dj`	`J^`	`J`	`J\`	Voiced palatal plosive
109	k	`k`	`k`	`k`	`k`	`k`	`k`	`k`	`k`	`k`	Voiceless velar plosive
110	ɡ	`g`	`g`	`g`	`\gs`	`g<`	`g`	`g`	`g`	`g`	Voiced velar plosive
111	q	`q`	`q`	`q`	`q`	`q`	`q`	`q`	`q`	`q`	Voiceless uvular plosive
112	ɢ	`G`	`G`	`G`	`\gc`	`G=`	`G`	`G`	`Q`	`G\`	Voiced uvular plosive
113	ʔ	`?`	`?`	`?`	`\?g`	`?=`	`?`	`?`	`?`	`?`	Glottal plosive
114	m	`m`	`m`	`m`	`m`	`m`	`m`	`m`	`m`	`m`	Voiced bilabial nasal
115	ɱ	`m"`	`m>`	`mv`	`\mj`	`m>`	`mD`	`M`	`M`	`F`	Voiced labiodental nasal
116	n	`n`	`n`	`n`	`n`	`n`	`n`	`n`	`n`	`n`	Voiced alveolar nasal
117	ɳ	`nr)`	`n(`	`nr`	`\n.`	`n<`	`n.`	`n.`	`nr`	n`	Voiced retroflex nasal
118	ɲ	`nj)`	`n)`	`nj`	`\nj`	`n=`	`nj`	`n^`	`n~`	`J`	Voiced palatal nasal
119	ŋ	`ng)`	`g~`	`ng`	`\ng`	`n>`	`N`	`N`	`N`	`N`	Voiced velar nasal
120	ɴ	`N`	`N`	`N`	`\nc`	`N=`	`nU`	`n"`	`Nq`^[a]	`N\`	Voiced uvular nasal
121	ʙ	`B`		`bb`	`\bc`	`B=`		`b<trl>`	`B`	`B\`	Voiced bilabial trill
122	r	`r`	`r`	`rr`	`r`	`r`	`r`	`r<trl>`	`r`	`r`	Voiced alveolar trill
123	ʀ	`R`	`R`	`RR`	`\rc`	`R=`	`R`	`r"`	`R`	`R\`	Voiced uvular trill
124	ɾ	`r"`	`r*`	`dt`	`\fh`	`r>`	`r[`	`*`	`d(`	`4`	Voiced alveolar tap
125	ɽ	`rr)`	`r(*`	`rt`	`\f.`	`r<`	`r.[`	`*.`	`rr`	r`	Voiced retroflex flap
126	ɸ	`P"`	`F`	`F`	`\ff`	`f=`	`P`	`P`	`F`	`p\`	Voiceless bilabial fricative
127	β	`B"`	`B`	`V`	`\bf`	`b=`	`B`	`B`	`V`	`B`	Voiced bilabial fricative
128	f	`f`	`f`	`f`	`f`	`f`	`f`	`f`	`f`	`f`	Voiceless labiodental fricative
129	v	`v`	`v`	`v`	`v`	`v`	`v`	`v`	`v`	`v`	Voiced labiodental fricative
130	θ	`O-`	`s[]`	`sd`	`\tf`	`t=`	`0D`	`T`	`T`	`T`	Voiceless dental fricative
131	ð	`d-`	`z[]`	`zd`	`\dh`	`d=`	`6D`	`D`	`D`	`D`	Voiced dental fricative
132	s	`s`	`s`	`s`	`s`	`s`	`s`	`s`	`s`	`s`	Voiceless alveolar fricative
133	z	`z`	`z`	`z`	`z`	`z`	`z`	`z`	`z`	`z`	Voiced alveolar fricative
134	ʃ	`S`	`sV`	`S`	`\sh`	`s=`	`S`	`S`	`S`	`S`	Voiceless postalveolar fricative
135	ʒ	`3"`	`zV`	`Z`	`\zh`	`z=`	`Z`	`Z`	`Z`	`Z`	Voiced postalveolar fricative
136	ʂ	`sr)`	`s(`	`sr`	`\s.`	`s<`	`s.`	`s.`	`sr`	s`	Voiceless retroflex fricative
137	ʐ	`zr)`	`z(`	`zr`	`\z.`	`z<`	`z.`	`z.`	`zr`	z`	Voiced retroflex fricative
138	ç	`c"`	`c$`	`c\`	`\c,`	`c=`	`C`	`C`	`C`	`C`	Voiceless palatal fricative
139	ʝ	`j"`	`j$`	`J\`	`\jc`	`j<`	`jF`	`C<vcd>`	`j^`^[a]	`j\`	Voiced palatal fricative
140	x	`x`	`x`	`x`	`x`	`x`	`x`	`x`	`x`	`x`	Voiceless velar fricative
141	ɣ	`g"`	`r=<`	`g\`	`\gf`	`g=`	`gF`	`Q`	`G`	`G`	Voiced velar fricative
142	χ	`X`	`X`	`X`	`\cf`	`x=`	`X`	`X`	`X`	`X`	Voiceless uvular fricative
143	ʁ	`R%`	`R=`	`G\`^[b]	`\ri`	`R>`	`RF`	`g"`	`K`	`R`	Voiced uvular fricative
144	ħ	`h-`	`h<`	`H`	`\h-`	`h>`	`H`	`H`	`H`	`X\`	Voiceless pharyngeal fricative
145	ʕ	`?&`	`6<`	`Hv`	`\9e`	`?<`	`9`	`H<vcd>`	`!`	`?\`	Voiced pharyngeal fricative
146	h	`h`	`h`	`h`	`h`	`h`	`h`	`h`	`h`	`h`	Voiceless glottal fricative
147	ɦ	`h"`	`6`	`hv`	`\h^`	`h<`	`hh`	`h<?>`	`hv`^[a]	`h\`	Voiced glottal fricative
148	ɬ	`l-`	`l%$`	`ls`	`\l-`	`l=`	`hlF`	`s<lat>` or`L`^[c]	`hl`^[a]	`K`	Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
149	ɮ	`l3")`	`l$`	`lz`	`\lz`	`l>`	`lF`	`z<lat>`	`Zl`^[a]	`K\`	Voiced alveolar lateral fricative
150	ʋ	`v"`	`v>`		`\vs`	`v=`	`vA`	`r<lbd>`	`V[`^[a]	`P` or`V\`	Voiced labiodental approximant
151	ɹ	`r&`	`r=`	`r`	`\rt`	`r=`	`rA`	`r`	`9`	`r\`	Voiced alveolar approximant
152	ɻ	`jr)`	`r=(`		`\r.`	`R<`	`r.A`	`r.`	`9r`	r\`	Voiced retroflex approximant
153	j	`j`	`j`	`j`	`j`	`j`	`j`	`j`	`j`	`j`	Voiced palatal approximant
154	ɰ	`m&"`		`Rg`	`\ml`	`w>`	`RA`	`j<vel>`	`4)`^[a]	`M\`	Voiced velar approximant
155	l	`l`	`l`	`l`	`l`	`l`	`l`	`l`	`l`	`l`	Voiced alveolar lateral approximant
156	ɭ	`lr)`	`l(`	`lr`	`\l.`	`l<`	`l.`	`l.`	`lr`	l`	Voiced retroflex lateral approximant
157	ʎ	`y&`	`l)`	`lj`	`\yt`	`L<`	`lj`	`l^`	`L`	`L`	Voiced palatal lateral approximant
158	ʟ	`L`			`\lc`	`L=`	`L`	`L`^[c]	`Lg`^[a]	`L\`	Voiced velar lateral approximant
160	ɓ	`b$`	`b,,`	`b?`	`\b^`	`b>`	`b<`	b`	`b<`	`b_<`	Voiced bilabial implosive
162	ɗ	`d$`	`d,,`	`d?`	`\d^`	`d>`	`d<`	d`	`d<`	`d_<`	Voiced alveolar implosive
164	ʄ	`j$`	`J,,`	`J?`	`\j^`	`j>`	`dj<`	J`	`J<`	`J\_<`	Voiced palatal implosive
166	ɠ	`g$`	`g,,`	`g?`	`\g^`	`g>`	`g<`	g`	`g<`	`g_<`	Voiced velar implosive
168	ʛ	`G$`	`G,,`	`G?`	`\G^`	`G>`	`G<`	G`	`Q<`	`G\_<`	Voiced uvular implosive
169	ʍ	`w&`			`\wt`	`w=`	`hw`	`v<vls>`	`W`	`W`	Voiceless labial–velar fricative
170	w	`w`	`w`	`w`	`w`	`w`	`w`	`w`	`w`	`w`	Voiced labial–velar approximant
171	ɥ	`h&`	`w.`		`\ht`	`y<` or`h=`	`wj`	`j<rnd>`	`jw`^[a]	`H`	Voiced labial–palatal approximant
172	ʜ	`H`			`\hc`	`Q=`				`H\`	Voiceless epiglottal trill
173	ʡ	`?-`			`\?-`	`H=`	`99`			`>\`	Epiglottal plosive
174	ʢ	`?"`			`\9-`	`Q<`				`<\`	Voiced epiglottal trill
175	ɧ	`Sx)`			`\hj`	`H>`				`x\`	Sj-sound
176	ʘ	`p!`	`p*`		`\O.`	`p=`		`p!`	`p\|`	`O\`	Bilabial click
177	ǀ	`t!`	`t*`	`t!`	`\\|1`	`!<`	`/`	`t!`	`\|`	`\|\`	Dental click
178	ǃ	`r!`			`!`	`!`	`!`	`c!`^[d]		`!\`	Alveolar click
179	ǂ	`c!`	`c*`	`c!`	`\\|-`	`!=`	`/=`	`c!`^[d]	`c\|`	`=\`	Palatal click
180	ǁ	`l!`	`l*`	`l!`	`\\|2`	`!>`	`#`	`l!`	`\|\|`	`\|\\|\`	Alveolar lateral click
181	ɺ	`l"`		`lt`	`\rl`	`L>`	`l[`	`*<lat>`	`l)`	`l\`	Voiced alveolar lateral flap
182	ɕ	`ci)`	`sV>`	`ss`	`\cc`	`c<`	`SJ`		`c}`	`s\`	Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative
183	ʑ	`zi)`	`zV>`	`zz`	`\zc`	`z>`	`ZJ`		`z}`	`z\`	Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative
184	ⱱ				`\V^`	`v<`	`v[`				Voiced labiodental flap
209	ɫ	`l~)`	`l-`		`\l~`	`l~~`	`l-`	`L`^[c]		`5`	Velarized alveolar lateral approximant
301	i	`i`	`i`	`i`	`i`	`i`	`i`	`i`	`i`	`i`	Close front unrounded vowel
302	e	`e`	`e`	`e`	`e`	`e`	`e`	`e`	`e`	`e`	Close-mid front unrounded vowel
303	ɛ	`E`	`E`	`E`	`\ef`	`e<`	`E`	`E`	`E`	`E`	Open-mid front unrounded vowel
304	a	`a`	`a`	`a`	`a`	`a`	`a`	`a`	`a`	`a`	Open front unrounded vowel
305	ɑ	`a"`	`A`	`aa`	`\as`	`a=`	`a_`	`A`	`A`	`A`	Open back unrounded vowel
306	ɔ	`c&`	`O`	`O`	`\ct`	`o<`	`O`	`O`	`>`	`O`	Open-mid back rounded vowel
307	o	`o`	`o`	`o`	`o`	`o`	`o`	`o`	`o`	`o`	Close-mid back rounded vowel
308	u	`u`	`u`	`u`	`u`	`u`	`u`	`u`	`u`	`u`	Close back rounded vowel
309	y	`y`	`y` or`i!`	`y`	`y`	`y`	`y`	`y`	`y`	`y`	Close front rounded vowel
310	ø	`o/)`	`0` or`e!`	`oe`	`\o/`	`o>`	`o/`	`Y`	`7`	`2`	Close-mid front rounded vowel
311	œ	`oe)`	`E!`	`oE`	`\oe`	`E<`	`E)`	`W`	`8`	`9`	Open-mid front rounded vowel
312	ɶ	`OE)`	`a!`	`OE`	`\Oe`	`E>`		`&.`	`6`	`&`	Open front rounded vowel
313	ɒ	`a"&`	`A=` or`A!`	`ao`	`\ab`	`o=`	`a_)`	`A.`	`5`	`Q`	Open back rounded vowel
314	ʌ	`v&`	`^`,`V=` or`O!`	`A`	`\vt`	`u>`	`^`	`V`	`^`	`V`	Open-mid back unrounded vowel
315	ɤ	`U"`	`o!`	`oo`	`\rh`	`O>`	`o(`	`o-`	`2`	`7`	Close-mid back unrounded vowel
316	ɯ	`m&`	`m=` or`u!`	`uu`	`\mt`	`u=`	`uu`	`u-`	`4`	`M`	Close back unrounded vowel
317	ɨ	`i-`	`i"`	`i-`	`\i-`	`I=`	`i_`	`i"`	`ix`	`1`	Close central unrounded vowel
318	ʉ	`u-`	`u"`	`u-`	`\u-`	`U=`	`u+`	`u"`	`ux`	`}`	Close central rounded vowel
319	ɪ	`I`	`I`	`I`	`\ic`	`i=`	`I`	`I`	`I`	`I`	Near-close near-front unrounded vowel
320	ʏ	`Y`	`Y`	`Y`	`\yc`	`Y=`	`Y`	`U.`	`Y`	`Y`	Near-close near-front rounded vowel
321	ʊ	`U`	`U`	`U`	`\hs`	`u<`	`U`	`U`	`U`	`U`	Near-close near-back rounded vowel
322	ə	`@`	`e=`	`6`	`\sw`	`e=`	`"@`	`@`	`&`	`@`	Mid central vowel
323	ɵ	`o-`	`o"`		`\o-`	`O=`	`@)`	`@.`	`ox`	`8`	Close-mid central rounded vowel
324	ɐ	`a&`			`\at`	`a>`	`4`		`ax`	`6`	Near-open central vowel
325	æ	`ae)`	`@`	`ae`	`\ae`	`a<`	`aa`	`&`	`@`	`{`	Near-open front unrounded vowel
326	ɜ	`E&`	`E"`	`3`	`\er`	`e>`	`3`	`V"`	`3`	`3`	Open-mid central unrounded vowel
327	ɚ	`xr^`		`3r`	`\sr`		`"@.`	`R`		@`	R-coloured mid central vowel
395	ɞ	`E"`	`O"`		`\kb`	`O<`	`3)`	`O"`		`3\`	Open-mid central rounded vowel
397	ɘ	`e&`	`e"`	`6`	`\e-`	`E=`	`@`	`@<umd>`		`@\`	Close-mid central unrounded vowel
401	◌ʼ	`		`?`	`\ap`	`]]`	`'`	`	`>`	`_>`	Ejective
402A	◌̥	`V)`	`%`	`,-v`	`\0v`	`%`		`<o>`	`0`	`_0`	Voiceless
402B	◌̊	`V)`	`%`	`,-v`	`\0^`	`@`		`<o>`	`0`	`_0`	Voiceless
403	◌̬	`v)`		`,+v`	`\vv`	`%%`		`<vcd>`	`v`	_v	Voiced
404	ʰ	`h^`	`HH`	`,h`	`\^h`	`h^`	`h`	`<h>`	`h`	`_h`	Aspirated
405	◌̤	`h")`		`,hv`	`\:v`	`%%%`	`h`	`<?>`	`Hv`	`_t`	Breathy voiced
406	◌̰	`~`		`,?v`	`\~v`	`$$$`	`*`		`?`	`_k`	Creaky voiced
407	◌̼	`{`			`\mv`	`{{{{`			`{`	`_N`	Linguolabial
408	◌̪	`[`	`[`	`,d`	`\Nv`	`{`		`[`	`[`	`_d`	Dental
409	◌̺	`]`		`,ap`	`\Uv`	`{{`			`]`	`_a`	Apical
410	◌̻	`[]`		`,lm`	`\Dv`	`{{{`			`}`	`_m`	Laminal
411	◌̹	`u)`	`}`	`,+w`	`\3v`	`++++`		`.`	`(w)`^[a]	`_O`	More rounded
412	◌̜	`U)`	`{`		`\cv`	`____`		`-`		`_c`	Less rounded
413	◌̟	`+`	`+`	`,<` or`,fr`	`\+v`	`+`			`+`	`_+`	Advanced
414	◌̠	`_`	`-`^[e]	`,>` or`,bk`	`\-v`	`_`			`-`	`_-`	Retracted
415	◌̈	`"^`	`"`		`\:^`	`*`		`"`		`_"`	Centralized
416	◌̽	`x^`			`\x^`	`**`				`_x`	Mid-centralized
417	◌̘	`<`			`\T(`	`+++`			`¿`^[a]^[f]	`_A`	Advanced tongue root
418	◌̙	`>`			`\T)`	`___`			`¡`^[a]^[f]	`_q`	Retracted tongue root
419	◌˞	`r^`			`\hr`	`[[[`	`.`	`<r>`		`	Rhoticity
420	ʷ	`w^`		`,V\`	`\^w`	`w^`	`W`	`<w>`	`w`	`_w`	Labialized
421	ʲ	`j^`	`.`	`,j`	`\^j`	`j^`	`J`	`<pzd>`	`j`	`'` or`_j`	Palatalized
422	ˠ	`g^`		`,g`	`\^G`	`g=^`	`-`	`<vzd>`	`2`	`_G`	Velarized
423	ˤ	`&g^`		`,H`	`\^9`	`?<^`	`9`	`<H>`	`!`	`_?\`	Pharyngealized
424	◌̃	`~^`	`~`	`,+n`	`\~^`	`~`	`~`	`~`	`~`	`~` or`_~`	Nasalized
425	ⁿ	`n^`		`,n-`	`\^n`	`n^`	`n`		`n`	`_n`	Nasal release
426	ˡ	`l^`		`,l-`	`\^l`	`l^`	`L`		`l`	`_l`	Lateral release
427	◌̚	`.)`		`,=`	`\cn`	`]]]`		`<unx>`	`c`	`_}`	No audible release
428	◌̴	`~)`	`-`^[e]		`\~/`					`_e`	Velarized orpharyngealized
429	◌̝	`=`	`.`^[g]	`,/` or`,up`	`\T^`	`++`				`_r`	Raised
430	◌̞	`="`	`(`	`,\` or`,dn`	`\Tv`	`__`				`_o`	Lowered
431	◌̩	`,)`	`\`	`,$`	`\\|v`	`$`		`-`	`=`	`=` or`_=`	Syllabic
432	◌̯	`(`	`*`^[h]	`,gl`	`\nv`	`$$`			`(`	`_^`	Non-syllabic
433	◌͡◌	`))`^[i]		`_`	`\li`	`#&`				`_`	Affricate ordouble articulation
433	◌͜◌	`))`^[i]		`_`	`\LI`	`@&`				`_`	Affricate ordouble articulation
501	ˈ	`'`	`'`	`$S5`	`\'1`	`}`		`'`	`	`"`	Primary stress
502	ˌ	`,`	`	`$S3`	`\'2`	`}}`		`,`	`'`	`%`	Secondary stress
503	ː	`:`	`\|`	`,:`	`\:f`	`:`	`:`	`:`	`:`	`:`	Long
504	ˑ	`;`	`:`	`,.`	`\.f`	`::`			`;`	`:\`	Half-long
505	◌̆	`(^`	`*`^[h]	`,--`	`\N^`	`***`	`S`		`(`	`_X`	Extra-short
506	.	`.`		`$`	`.`	`.`		`#`	`.`	`.`	Syllable break
507	\|	`\|`			`\|`	`.<`				`\|`	Minor (foot) group
508	‖	`\|\|`			`\|\|`	`.=`				`\|\|`	Major (intonation) group
509	‿	`=)`			`\_u`	`#=`				`-\`	Linking (absence of a break)
510	↗	`/`			`\NE`	`#>>`				`</>` or`<R>`	Global rise
511	↘	`\`			`\SE`	`#<<`				`<\>` or`<F>`	Global fall
512	◌̋	`5`	`5`	`$T5-`	`\''`	`@4`			`_9`	`_T`	Extra-high
513	◌́	`4`	`4`	`$T4-`	`\'^`	`@3`			`_7`	`_H`	High
514	◌̄	`3`	`3`	`$T3-`	`\-^`	`@2`			`_5`	`_M`	Mid
515	◌̀	`2`	`2`	`$T2-`	\`^	`@1`			`_3`	`_L`	Low
516	◌̏	`1`	`1`	`$T1-`	\``	`@0`			`_1`	`_B`	Extra-low
517	ꜛ	`/)`			`\\|u`	`#<`				`^`	Upstep
518	ꜜ	`\)`			`\\|d`	`#>`				`!`	Downstep
519	˥	`5`	`5`	`$T5-`	`\-5`	`#4`				`<T>`	Extra-high
520	˦	`4`	`4`	`$T4-`	`\-4`	`#3`				`<H>`	High
521	˧	`3`	`3`	`$T3-`	`\-3`	`#2`				`<M>`	Mid
522	˨	`2`	`2`	`$T2-`	`\-2`	`#1`				`<L>`	Low
523	˩	`1`	`1`	`$T1-`	`\-1`	`#0`				`<B>`	Extra-low
524	◌̌	`15`	`15`	`$1/`	`\v^`	`@13`				`_L_H`,`_R` or`_/`	Rising
525	◌̂	`51`	`51`	`$5\`	`\^^`	`@31`				`_H_L`,`_F` or`_\`	Falling
526	◌᷄	`35`	`35`	`$3/`	`\-'`	`@23`				`_H_T`	High-rising
527	◌᷅	`13`	`13`	`$3\`	\`-	`@12`				`_B_L`	Low-rising
528	◌᷈	`342`	`342`	`$T3^`	`\rf`	`@131`				`_M_H_L`,`_R_F` or`_/_\`	Rising–falling

Coverage

[edit]

Scope	Branner	Millar & Oasa	PHONASCII	Praat	SIL	UPSID	Usenet	Worldbet	X-SAMPA
Consonants (80)	79 (99%)	69 (86%)	67 (84%)	80 (100%)	80 (100%)	75 (94%)	73 (91%)	73 (91%)	79 (99%)
Vowels (29)	29 (100%)	27 (93%)	26 (90%)	29 (100%)	28 (97%)	28 (97%)	28 (97%)	26 (90%)	29 (100%)
Diacritics (35)	34 (97%)	15 (43%)	25 (71%)	35 (100%)	34 (97%)	12 (34%)	17 (49%)	25 (71%)	26 (74%)
Suprasegmentals (28)	28 (100%)	20 (71%)	21 (75%)	28 (100%)	28 (100%)	2 (7%)	4 (14%)	11 (39%)	28 (100%)
Total (172)	170 (99%)	131 (76%)	139 (81%)	172 (100%)	170 (99%)	117 (68%)	122 (71%)	135 (78%)	162 (94%)

Notes

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^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^lIn Worldbet, these combinations are given as merely proposed for values "for which no machine-readable coding has yet been proposed".
^Theuvular approximant is represented byR in PHONASCII.
^^a ^b ^cL represents either a voiceless alveolar lateral fricative, a velar approximant, or a velarized alveolar lateral approximant in the Usenet IPA/ASCII transcription.
^^a ^bc! represents either an alveolar or palatal click in the Usenet IPA/ASCII transcription.
^^a ^b- represents either retracted or "velarized or pharyngealized" in Millar & Oasa's system.
^^a ^b¿ and¡ are not part of ASCII, but are nonetheless proposed as encoding advanced and retracted tongue root, respectively, in Worldbet.
^. represents either raised or palatalized in Millar & Oasa's system.
^^a ^b* represents either non-syllabic or extra-short in Millar & Oasa's system.
^)) representing a tie bar is placed after both segments, as ints)), in Branner's system.

References

[edit]

^International Phonetic Association (1993). "Council actions on revisions of the IPA".Journal of the International Phonetic Association.23 (1):32–34.doi:10.1017/S002510030000476X.S2CID 249420050.
^Branner, David Prager (1994)."Proposal for an ASCII Version of the IPA". University of Washington. Archived fromthe original on 9 February 1999.
^Millar, J. B.; Oasa, H. (1981). "Proposal for ASCII coded phonetic script".Journal of the International Phonetic Association.11 (2):62–74.doi:10.1017/S0025100300002279.S2CID 146352996.
^Allen, George D. (1988). "The PHONASCII system".Journal of the International Phonetic Association.18 (1):9–25.doi:10.1017/S0025100300003509.S2CID 143899772.
^Boersma, Paul; Weenink, David (2004–2025)."Phonetic symbols".Praat.
^"IPA (SIL) Keyboard Help".Keyman Help. SIL International.
^Reetz, Henning (23 May 2018)."Simple UPSID interface". Universität Frankfurt.
^Gómez-Vilda, Pedro; Ferrández-Vicente, José Manuel; Rodellar-Biarge, Victoria; Álvarez-Marquina, Agustín; Mazaira-Fernández, Luis Miguel; Martínez-Olalla, Rafael; Muñoz-Mulas, Cristina (2009). "Detection of Speech Dynamics by Neuromorphic Units". In Mira, José; Ferrández, José Manuel; Álvarez, José R.; de la Paz, Félix; Toledo, F. Javier (eds.).Methods and Models in Artificial and Natural Computation: A Homage to Professor Mira's Scientific Legacy – Third International Work-Conference on the Interplay Between Natural and Artificial Computation, IWINAC 2009, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, June 22-26, 2009, Proceedings, Part I. Springer. pp. 67–78.doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02264-7_8.ISBN 978-3-642-02263-0. Page 74.
^^a ^b"Language Subtag Registry". IANA. 2021-03-05. Retrieved30 April 2021.
^Kirshenbaum, Evan (6 September 2011)."Representing IPA phonetics in ASCII"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 19 April 2016.
^Hieronymus, James L. (1994). "ASCII Phonetic Symbols for the World's Languages: Worldbet".AT&T Bell Laboratories Technical Memorandum.CiteSeerX 10.1.1.225.9914.
^Wells, John (3 May 2000)."Computer-coding the IPA: a proposed extension of SAMPA". University College London.

External links

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Representation of IPA with ASCII

International Phonetic Alphabet(chart)

IPA topics

IPA	International Phonetic Association History of the alphabet Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA) Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS) Journal of the IPA (JIPA)
Special topics	Cursive forms Case variants Obsolete and nonstandard symbols Naming conventions Sinological extensions World Orthography IPA chart for English dialects
Encodings	ASCII encodings SAMPA X-SAMPA Usenet ASCII-IPA TIPA Phonetic symbols in Unicode IPA number IPA Braille

Consonants

Pulmonic consonants

Place →	Labial					Coronal										Dorsal					Laryngeal
Manner ↓	Bilabial		Labiodental		Linguolabial		Dental		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Retroflex		(Alveolo-)palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal/epiglottal		Glottal
Nasal	m̥	m	ɱ̊	ɱ		n̼	n̪̊	n̪	n̥	n	n̠̊	n̠	ɳ̊	ɳ	ɲ̊	ɲ	ŋ̊	ŋ	ɴ̥	ɴ
Plosive	p	b	p̪	b̪	t̼	d̼	t̪	d̪	t	d			ʈ	ɖ	c	ɟ	k	ɡ	q	ɢ	ʡ		ʔ
Sibilant affricate							t̪s̪	d̪z̪	ts	dz	t̠ʃ	d̠ʒ	tʂ	dʐ	tɕ	dʑ
Non-sibilant affricate	pɸ	bβ	p̪f	b̪v			t̪θ	d̪ð	tɹ̝̊	dɹ̝	t̠ɹ̠̊˔	d̠ɹ̠˔			cç	ɟʝ	kx	ɡɣ	qχ	ɢʁ	ʡʜ	ʡʢ	ʔh
Sibilantfricative							s̪	z̪	s	z	ʃ	ʒ	ʂ	ʐ	ɕ	ʑ
Non-sibilant fricative	ɸ	β	f	v	θ̼	ð̼	θ	ð	θ̠	ð̠	ɹ̠̊˔	ɹ̠˔	ɻ̊˔	ɻ˔	ç	ʝ	x	ɣ	χ	ʁ	ħ	ʕ	h	ɦ
Approximant		β̞		ʋ				ð̞		ɹ		ɹ̠		ɻ		j		ɰ						˷
Tap/flap		ⱱ̟		ⱱ					ɾ̥	ɾ			ɽ̊	ɽ						ɢ̆		ʡ̮
Trill	ʙ̥	ʙ							r̥	r		r̠	ɽ̊r̥	ɽr					ʀ̥	ʀ	ʜ	ʢ
Lateral affricate									tɬ	dɮ			tꞎ	d𝼅	c𝼆	ɟʎ̝	k𝼄	ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricative							ɬ̪		ɬ	ɮ			ꞎ	𝼅	𝼆	ʎ̝	𝼄	ʟ̝
Lateral approximant								l̪	l̥	l		l̠	ɭ̊	ɭ	ʎ̥	ʎ	ʟ̥	ʟ		ʟ̠
Lateral tap/flap									ɺ̥	ɺ			𝼈̊	𝼈		ʎ̮		ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Non-pulmonic consonants

		BL	LD	D	A	PA	RF	P	V	U
Implosive	Voiced	ɓ			ɗ		ᶑ	ʄ	ɠ	ʛ
Implosive	Voiceless	ɓ̥			ɗ̥		ᶑ̊	ʄ̊	ɠ̊	ʛ̥
Ejective	Stop	pʼ			tʼ		ʈʼ	cʼ	kʼ	qʼ
	Affricate		p̪fʼ	t̪θʼ	tsʼ	t̠ʃʼ	tʂʼ	tɕʼ	kxʼ	qχʼ
	Fricative	ɸʼ	fʼ	θʼ	sʼ	ʃʼ	ʂʼ	ɕʼ	xʼ	χʼ
	Lateral affricate				tɬʼ			c𝼆ʼ	k𝼄ʼ	q𝼄ʼ
	Lateral fricative				ɬʼ
Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular)	Tenuis	kʘ qʘ		kǀ qǀ	kǃ qǃ		k𝼊 q𝼊	kǂ qǂ
	Voiced	ɡʘ ɢʘ		ɡǀ ɢǀ	ɡǃ ɢǃ		ɡ𝼊 ɢ𝼊	ɡǂ ɢǂ
	Nasal	ŋʘ ɴʘ		ŋǀ ɴǀ	ŋǃ ɴǃ		ŋ𝼊 ɴ𝼊	ŋǂ ɴǂ	ʞ
	Tenuislateral				kǁ qǁ
	Voiced lateral				ɡǁ ɢǁ
	Nasal lateral				ŋǁ ɴǁ