Communist, Republican, Citizen and Ecologist group Groupe communiste, républicain, citoyen et écologiste | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Chamber | Senate |
| Previous name(s) | Communist group (1959–1995) Groupe communiste Communist, Republican, Citizen and Senators of the Left Party group (2008–2011) Groupe communiste, républicain, citoyen et des sénateurs du Parti de gauche Communist, Republican, and Citizen group (2011–2017) Groupe communiste, républicain, et citoyen |
| Member parties | PCF |
| President | Cécile Cukierman |
| Constituency | Seine-Saint-Denis |
| Representation | 17 / 348 |
| Ideology | Communism |
| Website | https://senateurscrce.fr/ |
TheCommunist, Republican, Citizen and Ecologist group (French:groupe communiste, républicain, citoyen et ecologiste) is aparliamentary group in theFrench Senate, the indirectly electedupper house of theFrench Parliament. Unlike most other parliamentary groups in the Senate, it counts mostly of only the Senators of one party, theFrench Communist Party, among its members.
The first and onlyparliamentary group of communists in theSenate of theThird Republic was formed following the1938 senatorial elections, with two members.[1] A communist group existed through the duration of theFourth Republic in theCouncil of the Republic, with 74 seats following senatorial elections on 8 December 1946,[2] 17 seats following senatorial elections on 7 November 1948,[3] 16 seats following senatorial elections on 18 May 1952,[4] 14 seats following senatorial elections on 19 June 1955,[5] and 16 seats following senatorial elections on 8 June 1958.[6]
In theFifth Republic,Jacques Duclos served as the first leader of the communist group (groupe communiste) in theSenate.[7] After the death of Duclos on 25 April 1975,[8]Marie-Thérèse Goutmann took over the presidency of the group on 20 May 1975,[9] becoming the first woman to preside over a parliamentary group.[10] She subsequently sought to become a deputy in theNational Assembly in the1978 legislative elections; due to irregularities which resulted in the invalidation of the original result by theConstitutional Council, however, a by-election was held on 16 and 23 July which ultimately resulted in her election to the assembly and departure from the Senate;[11][12] as such, thoughMarcel Rosette became the new president of the group on 6 April,[13] Goutmann was obligated to continue to sit in the Senate until the Constitutional Council later confirmed her election to the National Assembly.[14] She remained president of the group for only a year, and was replaced byHélène Luc on 19 December 1979.[15] The communist group expanded to include 24 members after the1983 renewal,[16] the highest number ever attained by the communist group.[17] On 28 September, Hélène Luc announced that the group would be renamed to the Communist, Republican and Citizen group (groupe communiste, républicain et citoyen), abbreviated CRC, presenting it as an "opening to the people of progress"; specifically, it allowedPaul Loridant, member of theMovement of Citizens ofJean-Pierre Chevènement, to join the group.[18]
Luc's stint as president of the group ended on 3 April 2001;[19] she was succeeded byNicole Borvo.[20] On 26 November 2008,Jean-Luc Mélenchon andFrançois Autain, who left theSocialist Party (PS) to found theLeft Party, joined the group, which was then renamed to the Communist, Republican, Citizen and Senators of the Left Party group (groupe communiste, républicain, citoyen et des sénateurs du Parti de gauche), abbreviated CRC–SPG.[21] However, afterJean-Luc Mélenchon was elected to theEuropean Parliament after the2009 elections, he vacated his seat in the Senate on 7 January 2010,[22] and after Autain lost his seat in the Senate in the renewal of seats during thesenatorial elections on 25 September 2011, the group reverted to its original name.[23] On 19 September 2012, Nicole Borvo Cohen-Seat resigned from the Senate,[24] and was succeeded byEliane Assassi, who was elected president of the CRC group the same day.[25] The group was renamed to the Communist, Republican, Citizen and Ecologist group (groupe communiste, républicain, citoyen et ecologiste) after the2017 renewal, when it was joined by the ecologist senatorsEsther Benbassa,Guillaume Gontard, andPierre-Yves Collombat.[26]
| Name | Term start | Term end | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jacques Duclos | 26 April 1959 | 25 April 1975 | [27][7][8] |
| Marie-Thérèse Goutmann | 20 May 1975 | 6 April 1978 | [9][13] |
| Marcel Rosette | 6 April 1978 | 19 December 1979 | [13][15] |
| Hélène Luc | 19 December 1979 | 3 April 2001 | [15][19] |
| Nicole Borvo Cohen-Seat | 4 April 2001 | 19 September 2012 | [20][24] |
| Éliane Assassi | 19 September 2012 | 1 October 2023 | [25] |
| Cécile Cukierman | 1 October 2023 | present | [28] |
| Year | Seats | Change | Series | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1959 | 14 / 307 |  | – | [27] |
| 1962 | 14 / 274 | | A | [29] |
| 1965 | 14 / 274 | | B | [30] |
| 1968 | 18 / 283 |  4 | C | [31] |
| 1971 | 18 / 283 | | A | [32] |
| 1974 | 20 / 283 | 2 | B | [33] |
| 1977 | 23 / 295 | 3 | C | [34] |
| 1980 | 23 / 305 | | A | [35] |
| 1983 | 24 / 317 | 1 | B | [16] |
| 1986 | 15 / 319 |  9 | C | [36] |
| 1989 | 16 / 321 | 1 | A | [37] |
| 1992 | 15 / 321 | 1 | B | [38] |
| 1995 | 15 / 321 | | C | [39] |
| 1998 | 16 / 321 | 1 | A | [40] |
| 2001 | 23 / 321 | 7 | B | [41] |
| 2004 | 23 / 331 | | C | [42] |
| 2008 | 23 / 343 | | A | [43] |
| 2011 | 21 / 348 | 2 | 1 | [44] |
| 2014 | 18 / 348 | 3 | 2 | [45] |
| 2017 | 15 / 348 | 3 | 1 | [46] |
| 2020 | 15 / 348 | | 2 | |
| 2023 | 17 / 348 | 2 | 1 |
