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| Program execution |
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| General concepts |
| Types of code |
| Compilation strategies |
| Notable runtimes |
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| Notable compilers & toolchains |
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TheCommon Language Runtime (CLR), thevirtual machine component ofMicrosoft.NET Framework, manages the execution of .NET programs.Just-in-time compilation converts themanaged code (compiledintermediate language code) intomachine instructions which are then executed on theCPU of the computer.[1] The CLR provides additional services includingmemory management,type safety,exception handling,garbage collection, security andthread management. All programs written for the .NET Framework, regardless ofprogramming language, are executed in the CLR. All versions of the .NET Framework include CLR. The CLR team was started June 13, 1998.
CLR implements theVirtual Execution System (VES) as defined in theCommon Language Infrastructure (CLI) standard, initially developed by Microsoft itself. A public standard defines the Common Language Infrastructure specification.[2]
| CLR version | .NET version |
|---|---|
| 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 1.1 | 1.1 |
| 2.0 | 2.0,3.0,3.5 |
| 4 | 4,4.5,4.6,4.7,4.8 |
During the transition from legacy .NET technologies like the .NET Framework and its proprietary runtime to the community-developed.NET Core, the CLR was dubbedCoreCLR.[3] The term CLR today may refer to either the.NET Framework CLR orCore CLR[4]
Since .NET 5, the runtime for .NET follows a yearly release cadence, releasing a new version every November[5]
The exact meaning depends on the context. Common Language Runtime usually refers to the runtime of .NET Framework or the runtime of .NET.
A new major release of .NET is published every year in November...