| Commelinids | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Cock's-foot grass (Dactylis glomerata) | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Orders | |
| Diversity[citation needed] | |
| About 1,420 genera | |
In plant taxonomy,commelinids (originallycommelinoids[1][2]) is aclade offlowering plants within themonocots, distinguished by having cell walls containingferulic acid.[3][4] Well-known commelinids includepalms and relatives (orderArecales),dayflowers,spiderworts,kangaroo paws, andwater hyacinth (orderCommelinales),grasses,bromeliads,rushes, andsedges (orderPoales),ginger,cardamom,turmeric,galangal,bananas,plantains,pineapples, andbird of paradise flower (orderZingiberales).[citation needed]
The commelinids are the only clade that theAPG IV system has informally named within the monocots. The remaining monocots are aparaphyletic unit. Also known as thecommelinid monocots it forms one of three groupings within the monocots, and the final branch; the other two groups are thealismatid monocots and thelilioid monocots.
Members of the commelinid clade havecell walls containingUV-fluorescentferulic acid.[3][4]
The commelinids constitute a well-supported clade within the monocots,[5] and this clade has been recognized in all four APG classification systems. It consists of four orders:
Phylogenetic tree showing position of the commelinids within the monocots[6]
|
As ofAPG IV (2016) the familyDasypogonaceae is no longer directly placed under commelinids but instead a family of orderArecales.[6]
The commelinids were first recognized as a formal group in 1967 byArmen Takhtajan, who named them the Commelinidae and assigned them to a subclass ofLiliopsida (monocots).[7] The name was also used in the 1981Cronquist system. However, by the release of his 1980 system of classification, Takhtajan had merged this subclass into a larger one, and no longer considered it to be a clade.[citation needed]
TheTakhtajan system treated this as one of six subclasses within the classLiliopsida (=monocotyledons). It consisted of the following:[citation needed]
subclass Commelinidae
superorderBromelianae
orderBromeliales
orderVelloziales
superorderPontederianae
orderPhilydrales
orderPontederiales
orderHaemodorales
superorderZingiberanae
orderMusales
orderLowiales
orderZingiberales
orderCannales
superorderCommelinanae
orderCommelinales
orderMayacales
orderXyridales
orderRapateales
orderEriocaulales
superorderHydatellanae
orderHydatellales
superorderJuncanae
orderJuncales
orderCyperales
superorderPoanae
orderFlagellariales
orderRestionales
orderCentrolepidales
orderPoales
TheCronquist system treated this as one of four subclasses within the class Liliopsida. It consisted of the following:[citation needed]
subclass Commelinidae
orderCommelinales
orderEriocaulales
orderRestionales
orderJuncales
orderCyperales
orderHydatellales
orderTyphales
TheAPG II system does not use formal botanical names above therank of order; most of the members were assigned to the cladecommelinids in the monocots (its predecessor, theAPG system used the cladecommelinoids).[8][9]
Data related toCommelinids at Wikispecies
Media related toCommelinids at Wikimedia Commons
