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| Type | Privatemedical school |
|---|---|
| Established | 1767; 258 years ago (1767) |
Parent institution | Columbia University |
| Endowment | $1.136 billion[1] |
| Dean | James M. McKiernan, MD |
Academic staff | 4,300 |
| Students | Totals: 1,520 606 M.D. 94 M.D./Ph.D. 776 Ph.D. |
| Location | ,, United States 40°50′29″N73°56′28″W / 40.841519°N 73.941139°W /40.841519; -73.941139 |
| Campus | Urban |
| Website | ps |
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TheColumbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons (officially known asColumbia University Roy and Diana Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons[2]) is themedical school ofColumbia University, located at theColumbia University Irving Medical Center in theWashington Heights neighborhood ofManhattan, New York City.
Founded in 1767 bySamuel Bard as the medical department of King's College (now Columbia University), the College of Physicians and Surgeons was the firstmedical school in theThirteen Colonies to award theDoctor of Medicine (MD) degree. The College of Physicians and Surgeons turned thewhite coat ceremony into a full-fledged ceremony in 1993.[3][4] Following a gift of $250 million fromRoy and Diana Vagelos in 2017, the school became the first medical school in the nation to replace loans with scholarships for all students who qualify for financial aid when it did so in 2018.[5]
Columbia is affiliated withNewYork-Presbyterian Hospital. Students additionally rotate through its affiliate hospitals:Harlem Hospital Center;Stamford Hospital inStamford, CT; andMary Imogene Bassett Hospital inCooperstown, NY.
In 1767, Dr.Samuel Bard, an alumnus of then-King's College and theUniversity of Edinburgh Medical School, opened a medical school at Columbia.[6][7][8][9] At the time, the medical program at King's College was the first to open in theProvince of New York and only the second to be opened in theAmerican Colonies. The school was modelled on theUniversity of Edinburgh Medical School, which at the time was the world leader. Three years later, in 1770, King's College conferred its first medical degree to Robert Tucker, this would prove to be the first Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) awarded in the Thirteen Colonies. Prior to King's College of Medicine offering of the M.D. degree, other American and Canadian medical schools had been offering theBachelor of Medicine degree. King's College continued to educate young doctors until 1776 when the school was forced to close due to the onset of theRevolutionary War and theoccupation of New York by British soldiers. King's College remained closed until 1784 when the school was reopened as Columbia College and in December of that year, the faculty of the medical school were re-instated. In 1791, Bard, now a prominent colonial physician whomGeorge Washington credited with saving his life, was named dean of the medical school.
In 1807, with a growing young nation in need of adequately trained physicians, theNew York State Board of Regents founded, under separate charter, the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Merely four years later, in 1811, Dr. Samuel Bard, dean of Columbia University Medical School, became president of the college. The year 1814 then saw the merger of Columbia University Medical School into the College of Physicians and Surgeons, a move that was made in an attempt to reverse what then was perceived as a period of decline for the medical school.
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Despite this merger, the College of Physicians and Surgeons retained its independence from Columbia and it was only in 1860 that the College of Physicians and Surgeons, at that time occupying buildings across West Fifty-ninth Street from theRoosevelt Hospital (its major teaching hospital at the time), after severing its ties to the New York Board of Regents and through agreement between the trustees of the College of Physicians and Surgeons and Columbia, became the official medical school of Columbia University. This new relationship between the college and Columbia was minimal at best, however, with the college retaining independence from Columbia. It was not until 1891 that the College of Physicians and Surgeons would be fully integrated and incorporated into Columbia. In 1886, the Sloane Maternity Hospital, later theSloane Hospital for Women, was founded as part of Physicians and Surgeons.
In 1911, Columbia University entered into a "Formal Agreement of Alliance" with Presbyterian Hospital, a hospital founded in 1868 byJames Lenox a New Yorkphilanthropist. It was this alliance, initiated by philanthropistEdward Harkness, that helped to pave the way for the creation of a new medical center format. In 1928, the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center opened its doors in a building largely funded by Harkness. Set on land in theWashington Heights section of Manhattan, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center was the first place in the world to provide facilities for patient care, medical education, and research all under one roof. It was the first academic medical center and pioneered the practice of combining medical training with patient care. Included in this project with Presbyterian Hospital were the Babies Hospital, the Neurologic Institute of New York, and the New York State Psychiatric Institute; these were then joined in 1950 by the New York Orthopaedic Hospital.
In 1997, the Presbyterian Hospital merged with New York Hospital (partner ofWeill Cornell Medicine ofCornell University) to form theNewYork–Presbyterian Hospital.[10] This new hospital system incorporated many of the satellite hospitals and affiliated programs of these two institutions. While the two medical schools remain independent of one another, there has been significant cross-fertilization between the two campuses, leading to increasing numbers of shared research experiences and training programs. All hospitals in theNewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare System are affiliated with either the Cornell or Columbia medical schools.
At the 2017 Crown Awards, PresidentLee Bollinger announced that the school would officially be renamed as the Columbia University Roy and Diana Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons.[11][12][13] This decision was made in response to a gift of $250 million from Dr. P. Roy and DianaVagelos.[14] $150 million of the gift was dedicated to endow a fund to help Columbia eliminate student loans for medical students who qualify for financial aid.[14] The remaining $100 million will be divided equally to support precision medicine programs and basic science research as well as an endowed professorship in the Department of Medicine in honor of the Vagelos family's longtime doctor and friend, Thomas P. Jacobs, MD.[15]
Beginning in the fall of 2009, the medical school implemented a new curriculum that differed markedly from more traditional structures. The largest change involved a reduction in the number of preclinical months from twenty-four to eighteen and the expansion of the electives and selectives period to fourteen months.[16] Each student now is required to spend four to ten months working on a scholarly project before graduation.[17]
Situated on land overlooking theHudson River and separated from Columbia's undergraduate campus inMorningside Heights by approximately fifty blocks and the neighborhood ofHarlem, theColumbia University Medical Center has its own unique standing and identity. The campus comprises not only the College of Physicians and Surgeons, but also the College of Dental Medicine (formerly the School of Dental and Oral Surgery), the School of Nursing, the Mailman School of Public Health, the Presbyterian portion ofNewYork-Presbyterian Hospital (including theMorgan Stanley Children's Hospital) and theNew York State Psychiatric Institute. Affiliated hospitals includeHarlem Hospital,Stamford Hospital inStamford, Connecticut, andMary Imogene Bassett Hospital inCooperstown, New York. In August 2016 theRoy and Diana Vagelos Education Center, new 100,000-square-foot, 14-story glass medical education tower opened at 104 Haven Avenue, between 171st and 172nd Streets, near the northern tip of the campus. Housing options on Columbia's Medical Campus include Bard Hall and the Bard-Haven Towers, a complex of three, 31-story apartment buildings overlooking theHudson River and theGeorge Washington Bridge. Students are guaranteed housing on campus all years, although many students choose to live in other parts of New York City.
There are student clubs covering a range of professional and personal interests, all of which fall under the umbrella of the P&S Club. One unusual element is the Bard Hall Players, a theatrical group entirely run by the students of the medical campus, and one of the largest and most active medical school theater groups in the country. They perform a musical and two plays each year. Founded over a century ago byJohn Mott, the 1946Nobel Peace Prize recipient, the P&S Club serves to support and provide activities and organizations for the enrichment of the lives of the College of Physicians and Surgeons students. The P&S Club is well known for its humanitarian aims; most notably the 1917 purchase of a steam launch delivered to Sir William Grenfell, a physician living inLabrador. This launch was used to deliver medical services to theInuit andFirst Nations fishermen living on the islands of the Labrador coast and frequently, was crewed by P&S students.[citation needed]
Prominent faculty members include Nobel Prize laureatesRichard Axel,Eric Kandel, andJoachim Frank; authorOliver Sacks; 2011 Pulitzer Prize winner for nonfictionSiddhartha Mukherjee; andRudolph Leibel whose co-discovery of thehormoneleptin, and cloning of theleptin andleptin receptor genes, has had a major role in the area of understandinghumanobesity.[18][19]Jean C. Emond, Thomas S. Zimmer Professor of Surgery, participated in the first living-donorliver transplantation in children in North America[20] and established the liver transplant program at Columbia, which has become one of the largest in the United States.[21] Craig R. Smith, Chairman of Surgery, performed a quadruplebypass surgery on former PresidentBill Clinton in 2004.Joshua Sonett, Professor of Clinical Surgery and Chief of Thoracic Surgery, performed a lungdecortication on former PresidentBill Clinton in 2005.[22]
Other alumni include astronautStory Musgrave, Olympic championJenny Thompson (twelve medals, including eight gold medals), former Afghan prime ministerAbdul Zahir, mayor of the City ofRancho Cucamonga, California (2006–)Don Kurth, and philanthropistsTheodore K. Lawless andJean Shafiroff.George Fletcher Chandler served with theUS Army Medical Corps and practiced as a physician and surgeon throughout New York in addition to organizing and serving as the first Superintendent of theNew York State Police.Charles W. Berry wasNew York City Comptroller.
Serb politician and accusedwar criminalRadovan Karadžić studied at Columbia for a year. FormerNBA playerMark Pope attended P&S, but left to coach college basketball.
Megumi Yamaguchi Shinoda was the firstAsian American woman to graduate from P&S and one of the first women of Japanese ancestry in the United States to receive aDoctor of Medicine degree.[28][29]
John L. Leal's application of chlorine disinfection technology and his defense of the chemical's use, contributed significantly to the eradication of typhoid fever and other waterborne diseases in the U.S.
Robert Ernest Noble, who received his M.D. in 1899 was a U.S. Army medical officer who researched causes and treatments foryellow fever andmalaria during construction of thePanama Canal.[30] After his service in France duringWorld War I, he was the longtime director of theLibrary of the Surgeon General's Office.[31]
Nelson H. Henry, who graduated in 1879, practiced medicine in New York City, was a member of theNew York State Assembly, and served asAdjutant General of New York.[32]
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