 SternwheelersLytton (in distance),Columbia (center vessel with high pilot house), andKootenai (on right) atRobson, BC, sometime between 1890 and 1894 | |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Canada | |
| Name | Columbia[1][2] |
| Owner | Columbia and Kootenay Steam Navigation Company |
| Route | Arrow Lakes |
| Builder | Joseph Paquet or Alexander Watson[3] |
| Cost | $75,000 |
| Maiden voyage | August 20, 1891 |
| In service | 1891 |
| Out of service | 1894 |
| Identification | CAN 126880[4] |
| Fate | Destroyed by fire |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | inland shallow-draft boat passenger/freighter |
| Tonnage | 534 gross; 378 net |
| Length | 152.6 ft (46.5 m) |
| Beam | 28 ft (8.5 m) |
| Depth | 6.3 ft (1.9 m) depth of hold |
| Installed power | steam engines manufactured byHarlan & Hollingsworth ofWilmington, Delaware, twin single-cylinder, horizontally mounted, 17" bore by 72" stroke, 19 hp (14 kW) nominal[1] |
| Propulsion | sternwheel |
Columbia was a sternwheel steamboat that ran on theArrow Lakes inBritish Columbia from 1891 to 1894.Columbia should be distinguished from the many other vessels with the same or similar names, including in particular the propeller-driven steamboat Columbia that ran on the Arrow Lakes for many years.
Columbia was the fourth large sternwheeler to run on the 130-mile (210 km) longArrow Lakes (and adjacent stretches of theColumbia River). Before the construction of theKeenleyside Dam in the 1960s, there were two Arrow Lakes, called the upper and lower, which were separated by a stretch of shallow water known as the Narrows. The lakes are part of the Columbia River, which flows into the upper Arrow Lake atArrowhead, British Columbia, and begins again at the southern end of the lower lake near the towns ofRobson andCastlegar. Steamers running on Arrow Lakes typically started from the railheads. In the early 1890s the northern railhead wasRevelstoke about 25 miles (40 km) up the Columbia River from Arrowhead, where the transcontinental line of theCanadian Pacific Railway crossed the Columbia. In the south, the Great Northern Railway had reached Little Dalles, Washington by the 1890s. Rail construction was ongoing however. C.P.R. was building an extension south from Revelstoke along the east side of the Columbia River, which would eventually reach Arrowhead. By 1894 the extension had only gone as far as the town of Wigwam, about halfway between Revelstoke and Arrowhead, which became the northernmost point on the route forColumbia.[2][5]
Columbia was built in the United States at Little Dalles (now known asNorthport) for theColumbia and Kootenay Steam Navigation Company. The vessel's hull had been built atPortland, Oregon then disassembled into sections and shipped by rail to Northport to be reassembled and launched. On the Arrow LakesColumbia was the fifth sternwheeler and the largest ever built up to that time.[2][5]
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Under CaptainJohn C. Gore she made her first trip north from Little Dalles toRobson, British Columbia, on August 20, 1891, leaving at 1:00 p.m. and arriving at Robson between 7:00 and 8:00 p.m. She left for Revelstoke on August 22, 1891. The addition ofColumbia to the C.K.S.N.'s fleet allowed the company to maintain, with the similarly designed sidewheelerLytton, twice weekly trips from Revelstoke to Little Dalles.[2]
On one trip north, Columbia's hogchains (the steel cables that keep the lightly built hull of an inland steamboat in shape) parted, causing the ship to becomehogged, that is the hull sagged at the bow and the stern. This would have made the vessel unsafe to use until the hog chains could be repaired and the hull returned to proper shape.[1]
Columbia had entered operations in the summer of 1891 before she was fully complete. This was done on occasion with steamboats so that they could earn some money during the summer navigation season. (Navigation on the Arrow Lakes and other parts of the Columbia River system was restricted by ice, low water and other winter conditions.) During the post-season lay up at Revelstoke in the fall of 1891, Alexander Watson completed Columbia's construction. He built a new upper row of cabins, called a "Texas" and placed the pilot house (the smaller cabin structure where the ship's wheel was located) on top of the Texas. Electric lighting was also installed. These changes made theColumbia the premier vessel operating on the Upper Columbia.Columbia can be readily distinguished in photographs of the period by her high pilot house.[2]
On August 2, 1894Columbia caught fire at a wood yard just north of the international border, at a point about six miles (10 km) south ofTrail, British Columbia. It was believed that the fire was caused by a crewman falling asleep without extinguishing his pipe. No one was hurt, butColumbia was destroyed. Insurance paid for $15,000 but the economic cost to the company was still severe, because the mining and rail construction business in the area was booming and every vessel was working at full capacity.[2][5]
In a typical pattern of salvage,Columbia's engines were retrieved from the wreck and installed in theKootenay Lake steamerKokanee. On the Arrow Lakes, the Columbia and Kootenay Steam Navigation Company replacedColumbia with theNakusp.[1][2]