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Inmilitary organizations, acolour guard (orcolor guard) is a detachment of soldiers assigned to the protection ofregimental colours and the national flag. This duty is highly prestigious, and the military colour is generally carried by a young officer (ensign), while experienced non-commissioned officers (colour sergeants) are assigned to the protection of the national flag. These non-commissioned officers, accompanied in several countries by warrant officers, can be ceremonially armed with eithersabres orrifles to protect the colour. Colour guards are generally dismounted, but there are also mounted colour guard formations as well.
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As long as armies existed there was a need for soldiers to know where their comrades were. A solution to this problem was the carrying of colourful banners or other insignia. Such flags or banners either showed a personal symbol of the leader of said units or a symbol for the "state" they represented.
Such banners or flags also came to represent a units identity and history. They were therefore treated with reverence as they represented the honour and traditions of the regiment. The loss of a unit's flag was shameful, and losing that central point of reference could also make the unit break up. Therefore, regiments tended to adopt colour guards, a detachment of experienced or élite soldiers, to protect their colours. As a result, the capture of an enemy's standard was considered as a great feat of arms.
Regimental flags were sometimes awarded to a regiment by a head of state during a ceremony, which was considered a high honour usually reserved for elite units, and colours may be inscribed withbattle honours or other symbols representing former achievements.
Due to the advent of modern weapons, and subsequent changes in tactics, colours are no longer used in battle but continue to be carried by colour guards at events of formal character.
In the Argentinean Armed Forces, the Colour Guard is composed by a junior officer (normally the most junior in the unit) carrying the colours, accompanied by two senior NCOs with rifles, who provide the escort. The group is followed by a senior NCO carrying the regimental standard, with two junior NCOs (sometimes, privates) as escorts. In academies and schools, the colours are carried by the student of the senior class with the highest marks, escorted by the two who follow him.
In the ChinesePeople's Liberation Army, the colour guards include one ensign holding the flag of the People's Liberation Army as the national colour domestically or theflag of China when abroad, and two officers or senior NCOs assisting the ensign holding rifles.
In the parades of the 1950s, this configuration was present in every unit of the PLA up to the parade of 1959, but with the ensign and escorts drawn from individual formations. Today, only honour guards are granted colour guard duty to represent the whole of the PLA. Being the senior-most branch of the PLA, theGround Forces representative serves as the ensign in the service colour guard, with the officer to his/her right being from the Navy and the officer to their left being from the Air Force.[1] Since 1981, the PLA has continued a tradition of the colour guard detail with the PLA flag leading theBeijing Garrison Honor Guard Battalion in military parades. In December 2017, the Beijing Garrison Colour Guard Company of thePeople's Armed Police, which is present during flag ceremonies in Tienanmen Square in Beijing carrying the national flag, was officially attached to the honour guard battalion.[2] Its colour guard squad follows the same format as the guard of honor colour guard squad.
In Taiwan, the colour guard tradition of theRepublic of China Armed Forces is modeled on the German, Russian and US practice. Until 1976, each military unit sported a singular stand of colours on parade, as opposed to the honour guard of the ROCAF, which is more aligned with the traditions of the US Joint Service Honour Guard of theJoint Force Headquarters National Capital Region. All colour bearers of formations above company level must be, following US tradition, holding the rank of sergeant or above as a non-commissioned officer, while the colour escorts are lower ranking enlisted personnel. All wear full dress, service dress or battle dress uniforms. Since the National Day parade of 1978, the format of unit colour guards in ROCAF formations of battalion size (and of equivalent formations) is:
Brigade-level colours (and above) are guided by the left and right escorts only.
The joint service colour guard of the ROCAF General Headquarters, today as in the past, is similarly composed but is more larger, with its composition being
Colour guards are used in the military throughout theCommonwealth of Nations, includingAustralia,Canada,[3]Jamaica,New Zealand, and theUnited Kingdom. A colour guard unit typically consists of thestandard-bearer, who is of the rank ofsecond lieutenant or equivalent (pilot officer or sub-lieutenant), positioned in the centre of the colour guard, flanked by two or more individuals, typically armed with rifles or sabres. A colour sergeant major typically stands behind the colours carrying apace stick. So, the formation (when the colours are combined on parade) is as follows:
Aside frompresenting arms and sabres, colour guards of the Commonwealth of Nations are expected to lower their flags to the ground in full and regular salutes in ceremonies and parades. Civilians should stand during such times and soldiers are expected to salute them when not in formation.
As the British Army, the Royal Air Force, the Royal Marines and the Royal Navy have several types of colours, there are also colour guards for these colours and these colours and their colour guards are as follows:
In the cavalry, the King's Standard or Guidon and the regimental/squadron standard or guidon (for the light cavalry only) are the equivalents to the King's and regimental colours.
Colour guards in the artillery units are technically the lead gun's crew and leader (except in the Honourable Artillery Company which uses both guns and colours) and there are no colour guards in the rifle regiments (nowadaysThe Rifles), theRoyal Gurkha Rifles (which use the King's Truncheon) and in the Royal Hospital in Chelsea.
All of the RN's King's Colours are identical. Within the RN a colour guard unit consists of:
A French colour guards typically includes one ensign holding theflag of France as the national colour, two non-commissioned officers assisting the ensign, and three enlisted personnel behind to guard the colour.
The colour guards of France's military academies tend to wear swords; those of NCO schools, other educational institutions and active units carry rifles instead. This design is used in other countries with Francophone populations.
French colour guards render honours on the command ofpresent arms (présentez arme). On command, the two NCOs and three enlisted will execute present arms, whether it be by presenting their sabre vertically or by putting the right hand over the handle of their weapon while the ensign lowers the national colour/unit colour somewhere close to their legs. On some occasions, the flag is not lowered unless the guard is in the presence of a dignitary (such as thePresident of the Republic) or a military leader (such as theChief of the Defence Staff).
Colour guards of theBundeswehr follow the old German traditions of a three-man colour guard team.[4] A tradition stemming from the days of empire, the colour guard is made up of an ensign, usually a senior NCO (and historically a lieutenant), and two unarmed escorts.
InIndonesia, the colour guard is known as "Pataka" an abbreviation from the Indonesian termPasukan Tanda Kehormatan which is the term used in various uniformed institutions including theIndonesian National Armed Forces (TNI), theIndonesian National Police (Polri), theMunicipal Police units, etc. The Pataka consists of white-uniformed 9 to 12 guardsmen which are present during ceremonial events carrying and escorting theColour of the institution. The Pataka are modeled from the former Dutch practice and is led by a colour sergeant positioned at the middle of the guard (rear of the ensign), while theensign who carries thecolour is usually a juniorlieutenant (2nd Lieutenant or Ensign). For abattalion level, the colour is carried by aSergeant/chief petty officer. In the case of a massed colour guard, the Ensign (1st Lieutenant/Lieutenant (junior grade) rank leads the formation. In theArmy, the Horse Cavalry Detachment (Detasemen Kavaleri Berkuda) maintains amounted colour guard unit.[5]
The uniform of the colour guard in Indonesia is all-white, wearing a white ceremonial combat helmet similar to theM1 helmet, whitefull dress uniforms, white leather flag carrier worn by the ensign, and white parade boots. The colour guard from the military or police usually carries theLee–Enfield orM1 Garand rifle, but sometimes theM16,FN FAL orPindad SS1 rifle is used.[6]
InMexico, anEscolta de la bandera orEscolta is used to describe colour guards and flag parties in theSpanish language. In Mexico these formations are made up of six individuals: the flag party commander and the escort proper of around 5, following the French practice. In the Mexican Armed Forces, National Guard and state police formations the colour escort squad is made up of:
In Mexican schools, during flag ceremonies—or as known in Mexicojuramentos a la bandera orhonores a la bandera—the school's colour guard march around the schoolyard while the rest of the students and school staff sing the national anthem; once they finish, the pledge of allegiance is recited, even though it's not mandated by law to do so, and finally the colour guard march off.
Normally, the honour of being part of such colour guards—or as known in Mexicoescoltas—is bestowed upon disciplined students with high grades in the latest school year (6th grade in elementary schools, 9th grade in middle schools, and 12th grade in high schools). Sometimes, though, students from lower years or with lower grades may be chosen. Some schools only employ female students.
The layout consists of the flag-bearer flanked by two escorts—the right and the left escort—on the rear there are two rearguards and finally to the right escort's right is the commander. Normally the shortest members happen to be the rearguards. They wear their school dress or athletic uniform.
The Dutch armed forces have similar ranks corresponding to a colour guard, thevaandrig andkornet (aspirant officers who have not been sworn in yet). The colour guard practice mirrors that of the United Kingdom, with an ensign of second lieutenant rank (or equivalent), armed escorts, and a colour guard commander. All wear full dress uniform as a general rule.
The practices of the colour guards for the armed forces of a number ofpost-Soviet states in theCommonwealth of Independent States are similar to one another, adopting the practice from the formerSoviet Armed Forces. Colour guards from these states are typically composed of a colour officer, one ensign or senior NCO holding the flag of their respective country as the national colour or the unit colour, and two enlisted personnel assisting the ensign. Active units, military academies, and guards of honour carry sabers in the colour guard, if needed, rifles may be substituted. The guard wears full or combat dress uniform.
If there are multiple colour guards marching in a parade at the same time, one guard is required to march directly behind the first guard. During the Soviet era, theSoviet flag was never allowed to be paraded by a military colour guard, with military and regimental flags only being paraded in colour guards. On occasion during the Soviet era, theVictory Banner was also used in colour guard teams, with the last known occasions being in 1975, 1977, 1985, 1987 and 1990.
However, several post-Soviet armed forces have deviated/modified the practices of the former Soviet colour guard; evident with the colour guards of theTurkmen Ground Forces, and theArmed Forces of Ukraine, whose colour guards dip their flags as a form of salute.
The customs practiced by the colour guards of the former Soviet Armed Forces was also adopted by theMongolian Armed Forces, given thehistorical relationship between the two countries. Other countries such asAfghanistan,Cuba (replacing the United States practice after1959),North Korea andVietnam have adopted this variant of the Soviet system.
A standard template for a colour guard formation in theRomanian Armed Forces follows French precedent but with the addition of a colour officer leading the formation. The front of the guard is made up of the ensign, a junior officer, flanked by two armed or unarmed escorts, together with the colour officer, with three rear escorts behind the ensign.
From 1949 to 1986 theArmy of the Socialist Republic of Romania andSecuritate followed Soviet practice in colour guard training and protocols. Since that year the old tradition was restored in the uniformed organizations[7] and thus remains till today in the country.
Colours of battalions and brigades are not provided with a colour guard at all since they were introduced in the 2000s.
Given a shared heritage with Austria and Turkey plus its own traditions, the modern Serbian Armed Forces maintains a colour guard component. Every unit of the Armed Forces has a colour company that includes the colour company commander and the colour guards; which includes one ensign, usually a subaltern officer, two armed senior NCOs serving as colour escorts, and two honour guard platoons guarding the colour from the rear also armed. Unlike in other countries the colour guard company wears either full or combat dress. The Guard of the Serbian Armed Forces has its colour company wearing dress uniform.
In Sweden the colour guard can be composed in three distinct manners: Greater colour guard, smaller colour guard and an officers guard. Each regiment, or military unit that carries a colour, in Sweden sets up its own colour guard. The Swedish military rank offänrik (and the corresponding cavalry rank ofkornett) was originally intended for the holder of the company flag. This duty was considered so prestigious that an officer was necessary to carry it out. Today, it is a regular officer rank.
A expanded colour guard composed of two commissioned officers, calledfanförare (ensigns, literallycarriers of the colour) and eight enlisted personnel behind the colour or colours. This stems from the time of kingGustavus Adolphus and theThirty Years' War when all Swedish regiments had eight battalions. Each battalion contributed one soldier to the common colour guard. If one colour is carried the second officer serves as the colour officer.
A smaller colour guard is composed of one commissioned officer and four enlisted soldiers. An officers colour guard is composed of three commissioned officers, one ensign and two officer escorts carrying sabres.
In themilitary of the United States, the colour guard carries thenational colour and otherflags appropriate to its position in thechain of command. Typically these include aunit flag and a departmental flag (Army,Marines,Navy,Air Force,Space Force orCoast Guard, plus theNational Guard Bureau (Army and/orAir Force)). In addition to the flag bearers, who are positioned in the center of the colour guard, there are two or more individuals who carryrifles and orsabres. This is a symbol that the flag (and its nation) will always be protected.
In the U.S., traditionally, the unit'ssergeant major is responsible for the safeguarding, care, and display of the organizational colours. The sergeant major is also responsible for the selection, training, and performance of the members.[8] The colour guard consists ofenlisted members and is commanded by the senior (colour)Sergeant, who carries the National Colors and gives the necessary commands for movements and rendering honours during drill exercises orparade ceremonies.[9]
Being assigned to the colour guard is considered an honour due to the fact that these individuals present and carry the symbols of their unit and country. Depending on the circumstance and subject to the orders of their commander, members may wearfull dress or less formaluniforms. It is mandatory for all members of the colour guard to wear headgear, for example, agarrison cap,beret, orservice cap. On occasion, certain colour guards can behorse-mounted.
A US colour guard is made up of a "Color Sergeant" carrying the National Colours and serves as the unit commander, a unit or command colour bearer, and two colour escorts carrying rifles and/or sabres. If multiple colours are carried, multiple colour bearers may be needed.
The U.S. colour guard is formed and marched in one rank at close interval. Since the National Colors must always be in the position of honour on the right,[10] the colour guard must execute a special movement to reverse direction. It does not execute rear march, nor does it execute about face. Rather, it performs a maneuver derived from the standard counter-column command, generally known ascounter march orcolour reverse march, in order to keep the precedence of flags in order.
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Other drill movements performed by the colour guard includepresenting arms, left and right wheel (turns) marches, eyes right (upon passing the reviewing stand during a parade),casing / uncasing the colour, and fixing/unfixingbayonets (by the arms bearers).Liberation Day parade.
The colour guard renders honours when the national anthem is played or sung, when passing in review during a parade, or in certain other circumstances. In these cases, the unit and departmental flags salute by dipping (leaning the flag forward). However, with the exception of a response to a naval salute, the United States national flag renders no salute. This is enshrined in theUnited States Flag Code and U.S. law.
In the U.S. military, individuals or units passing or being passed by uncased (unfurled) colours render honours when outdoors. Individuals who are not part of any formation begin the hand salute when the colours are six paces distant and hold it until they have passed six paces beyond the colours.[11]
Civilians are expected to stand at the position of attention with their right hand placed over their heart for the same period, and the hand salute applies to uniformed organizations as well (specifically theBoy Scouts of America andGirl Scouts of the USA). Since recently, veterans are expected to hand salute the colours too, like their military counterparts including personnel not in uniform.
In theSwiss Guard, the bearer of the colours is the sergeant major of the guard. On such occasions, he is protected by two guardsmen (one to either side, ranked at either corporal or vice-corporal) carryingflame-bladed swords in place of the Guard's nominal ceremonial weapon, thehalberd.
"On Guard: A Story of American Youth"[12][13][14][15][16][17] is 2023 documentary film directed by Allen Otto and executive produced by Jim Czarnecki. The film premiered at the 2023 Philadelphia Latino Film Festival.[18] The film follows the journey of an all-female colour guard team atBel Air High School whose goal is to qualify for the 2020WGI World Championships, which were ultimately canceled due to theCOVID-19 pandemic, with a performance dedicated to the victims of the2019 El Paso Shooting.[19]
Contemporary Color is a 2016 documentary film directed by Turner Ross and Bill Ross IV. The film was produced as a collaboration betweenDavid Byrne, Michael Gottwald, Dan Janvey and Josh Penn.
