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| Collybia | |
|---|---|
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| Collybia cookei | |
Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Clitocybaceae |
| Genus: | Collybia (Fr.)Staude |
| Type species | |
| Collybia tuberosa | |
| Species | |
Collybia (in the strict sense) is agenus ofmushrooms in the familyTricholomataceae.[1] The genus has a widespread but rare[2] distribution in northerntemperate areas, and contains three species that grow on the decomposing remains of other mushrooms.[3]
Until recently a large number of other white-spored species, some very common, were assigned to this genus, but now the majority have been separated into other genera:Gymnopus,Rhodocollybia andDendrocollybia.
Research published November 2023 reassigned a number of species previously considered to be in the genusClitocybe to the genusCollybia, including the edibleblewit andbrownit mushrooms.[4]
Collybia sensu lato is one of the groups of fungi of the orderAgaricales that has createdtaxonomic differences of opinion in the scientific community.[5] The generic nameCollybia is due toElias Magnus Fries and first appeared in 1821.Collybia was originally atribe from anAgaricus classification. In 1857,Friedrich Staude recognizedCollybia as a genus. The nameCollybia means "small coin".[6] Later in his systematic work of 1838,[7] Fries characterizedCollybia as those species with
The last criterion divided these mushrooms from those ofMarasmius, which had the property of being able to revive after having dried out (called "marcescent"). Although Fries considered this an important characteristic, some later authors likeCharles Horton Peck (1897)[8] andCalvin Henry Kauffman (1918)[9] did not agree with Fries's criteria for the classification, and Gilliam (1976) discarded marcescence as a characteristic for the identification and differentiation of these genera.[10]
At that point, the very varied genus encompassed the modern generaOudemansiella (includingXerula),Crinipellis,Flammulina,Calocybe,Lyophyllum,Tephrocybe,Strobilurus, and others.
In 1993, Antonín and Noordeloos published the first part of amonograph of the generaMarasmius andCollybia after conducting a survey of these genera in Europe.[11] In 1997, they published the second part of the monograph that included allCollybia species. In 1997, Antonín and colleagues published a generic concept within these two genera and organized the nomenclature to provide a new combination of genera:Gymnopus,Collybia,Dendrocollybia,Rhodocollybia andMarasmiellus.[5] The nomenclature and reclassification has since been supported by subsequentmolecular analysis.[12][13] Most of these mushrooms belong to the familyMarasmiaceae and have low convex caps and white gills, withadnate attachment to the stem. This general form has given rise to the termcollybioid, which is still in use to describe this type of fruit body.
Thetype species forCollybia isC. tuberosa, a small whiteparasitic mushroom (with caps up to 1.5 cm (0.6 in)) which develops from a reddish-brown apple seed-shapedsclerotium in and on putrescent fungi or remaining in soil after complete decay of the host tissue.[14][15]
The three species remaining in the genus are small (up to 2 cm (0.8 in)). The caps are whitish and often radially wrinkled.[2] All three species aresaprobic, and grow on the decomposing remains of other mushrooms.[15] When the genus was split up, the much-reduced genus was moved fromMarasmiaceae toTricholomataceae.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) See also their full updated work:Antonín V, Noordeloos ME (2010).A monograph of marasmiod and collybioid fungi in Europe. Postfach 1119, 85378 Eching, Germany: IHW Verlag.ISBN 978-3-930167-72-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)Authority control databases: National |
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