 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Co-articulated consonant" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(February 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
| IPA:Co-articulatedconsonants | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||
Co-articulated consonants orcomplex consonants are consonants produced with two simultaneousplaces of articulation. They may be divided into two classes:doubly articulated consonants with two primary places of articulation of the samemanner (both stop, or both nasal,etc.), and consonants withsecondary articulation, that is, a second articulation not of the same manner.[1]: 328
An example of a doubly articulated consonant is thevoiceless labial-velar stop[k͡p], which is pronounced simultaneously at thevelum (a [k]) and at the lips (a [p]).
In practically all languages of the world that have doubly articulated consonants, these are eitherclicks orlabial-velars.
An example of a consonant with secondary articulation is the voicelesslabialized velar stop[kʷ] has only a single stop articulation,velar [k], with a simultaneousapproximant-like rounding of the lips.
There is a large number of common secondary articulations. The most frequently encountered arelabialization (such as[kʷ]),palatalization (such as theRussian"soft" consonants like[pʲ]),velarization (such as theEnglish"dark" el[lˠ]), andpharyngealization (such as theArabicemphatic consonants like[tˤ]).
As might be expected from the approximant-like nature of secondary articulation, it is not always easy to tell whether a co-articulatedapproximant consonant such as/w/ is doubly or secondarily articulated. In some English dialects[which?], for example,/w/ is alabialized velar that could be transcribed as[ɰʷ].
Theglottis controlsphonation, and works simultaneously with many consonants. It is not normally considered an articulator, and anejective such as[kʼ], with simultaneous closure of the velum and glottis, is not normally considered to be a co-articulated consonant.
