Anude beach, sometimes called aclothing-optional orfree beach, is abeach where users are at liberty to benude. Nude beaches usually havemixed bathing. Such beaches are usually on public lands, and any member of the public is allowed to use the facilities without membership in any movement or subscription to any personal belief. The use of the beach facilities is normally anonymous. Unlike anaturist resort or facility, there is normally no membership or vetting requirement for the use of a nude beach. The use of nude beach facilities is usually casual, not requiring pre-booking. Nude beaches may be official (legally sanctioned), unofficial (tolerated by residents and law enforcement), or illegal.
The number of nude beaches in some countries is relatively low, and they are generally located some distance away from the city. Access is at times more difficult than at a regular beach and the facilities at these beaches tend to be very basic with a few notable exceptions. In other countries, like Denmark, most beaches are clothing-optional.Nude swimming is one of the most common forms ofnudity in public. A nude beach should not be confused with atopless beach (or top-free beach), where upper body clothing is not required for women or men, although a swimming costume covering the genital area is required for both men and women. A nude beach should be considered as a clothes-free beach.
Nude beaches tend to be separate or isolated physically from non-nude bathing areas. In other instances people maintain a comfortable space between beach users. Signage is often used to warn unfamiliar beach users about the specially designated areas on the beach. This accommodates people who are not comfortable with nudity, as well as nude beach users who do not like to be watched by clothed individuals, particularly those engaged invoyeurism.
There are several categories of nude beaches:
Most beaches around the world, including nude beaches, are on public lands. That means that although private resorts and hotels that adjoin a beach may enclose their property behind fences with controlled access, most countries do not allow private ownership of the actual beach area. Thus, while a resort can control access and set clothing standards on its property, these standards would not necessarily apply to the beach itself, which remains subject to local laws or customs, and public access to the beach itself usually remains unrestricted. This applies, for example, to the islands in the Caribbean, Mexico, and Florida. On the Seven Mile Beach inNegril, Jamaica, for example, though the beach is lined with private resorts with fences down to the sand/waterline, the beach itself is open to the public. Though actual clothing standards vary from resort to resort, the beach area is officially designated as "topfree", and public access is unrestricted.
TheHibiscus Coast Local Municipality in South Africa formalize an existing clothing-optional beach within theMpenjati Nature Reserve.[2]
There are eight officially regulated naturist beaches in Brazil, but they are not "clothing optional". Nudity is required, and single men are not allowed unless they have a membership card from a recognized naturist organization. Otherwise, they are similar to other self-regulated naturist beaches, asserting that nudity is natural, and need not be sexual.[3]
TheInternational Naturist Federation has developed acode of conduct, oretiquette, for use by member organizations. The INF nude beach etiquette requires the avoidance of all forms ofsexual harassment andsexual activity, such asmasturbation orsexual intercourse.Predatory behavior is not permitted, nor is unauthorized photography.[4] In general, the standards call for the respecting of the privacy of other visitors.Staring is frowned upon by rule and social pressure.[5]
Violations of these norms is not unheard of, sexual activity being reported at Lady's Bay beach inAuckland, New Zealand.[6]
However, unlike naturist resorts and hotels, which can enforce standards of conduct on their properties promptly and effectively, most nude beaches are on public lands, making the enforcement of standards of nude beach etiquette a more personal matter, subject to the deterrence of local laws. The standards of conduct take different forms in different countries. Other than the fact that people using a nude beach expect to find naked people on the beach, most other local laws and customs continue to apply.
On July 17, 1894,Toronto city council set aside a 200 foot section ofHanlan's Point Beach for men to swim nude. The bylaw remained in place until 1930 when it was superseded by a blanket ban on nude bathing.[7]In 1920, Germany had already opened its first official nude beach inKampen on the island ofSylt.[8] In 1936, KingEdward VIII and his loverWallis Simpson took a charter cruise along theAdriatic Sea. They visited a beach on the Croatianisland of Rab, where the local authorities granted the King special permission to swim in the nude. This event marked the beginning of nudist tourism in Croatia.[9] Nude beaches became popular in the 1950s along the French coast[10] and have since spread around the world, though they are still few and far between. Some nude beaches are part of a larger nude area, such as theCap d'Agde area. Most beaches in Denmark[11][12] and some beaches in Norway[13] are clothing-optional. In Germany there are clothes optional sunbathing areas in public parks, e.g.,Munich[14] andBerlin.[15] Beaches in some holiday destinations, such asCrete, are also clothing-optional, except some central urban beaches.[16] There are two centrally located clothes-optional beaches inBarcelona.[17]
The 1960s and '70s saw some tolerance for nude beaches in the United States. An example wasJacob Riis Park, where nudity was limited to "Bay One" the northernmost section informally demarcated by jetties. Originally frequented by gay men, popularity expanded to traditional naturists, including families. When the park became part of theGateway National Recreation Area in 1972, Federal law superseded local indecent exposure laws. In 1974 a city law was passed specifically prohibiting nudity in the park, but theU.S. Park Police continued their policy of leniency unless other laws were being violated. Nudity was made illegal by a state law in 1983.[18]
Though free beaches developed separately from national naturist bodies, some of these bodies have taken an interest and helped to protect them legally, and through the publication of guidelines of acceptable behaviour.[19] In North America, the Free Beach Movement was the name of a group that was opposed to the direction of the official nudist organisation, theAmerican Association for Nude Recreation, and set up the rival bodyThe Naturist Society.Clothes free organizations and free beach associations, such as the Naturist Action Committee, lobby for the removal of laws which prohibit nude swimming and sunbathing or the increase in the number of nude beaches and sometimes to improve the amenities at nude beaches.
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