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Clip (firearms)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Device used to store multiple rounds of ammunition for loading into a firearm
Not to be confused withMagazine (firearms).
AnM1 Garanden bloc clip (left) compared to anSKS stripper clip (right)

Aclip is a device that is used to store multiple rounds of ammunition together as a unit for insertion into themagazine orcylinder of afirearm. This speeds up the process by loading the firearm with multiple rounds simultaneously, rather than individually, as with loose rounds of ammunition. There are several types, most made of inexpensivestampedsheet metal, which are generally intended to be disposable, although they are more often retained and reused.[citation needed]

Types

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Stripper

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Main article:Stripper clip
Loading a7.92×57mm MauserKarabiner 98k rifle with a five-round stripper clip.

A stripper clip (American English) or charger clip (Commonwealth English) is a speedloader that holds several pistol or rifle cartridges as a unit for easier loading into a firearm'sinternal box magazine. After the bolt is opened and the stripper clip is placed in position (generally in a slot on the receiver or bolt), the cartridges are pressed down, removing or "stripping" them off the clip and into the magazine. The clip is then either removed and tossed away, or the bolt is thrown forward, expelling the clip automatically. However, some weapons, such as theMosin–Nagant, require the operator to manually remove the empty clip. Some weapons designed for stripper clip use include theMannlicher M1894,Mauser C96,Roth–Steyr M1907,Lee-Enfield,Mosin–Nagant,Gewehr 98,M1903 Springfield,SKS,Vz. 58 andT48 rifle. Detachable magazines may also be loaded with stripper clips provided they have a special guide attached, as in theM14 rifle orM16 rifle.

En bloc

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Anen bloc clip of8×56mmR is inserted into aSteyr M95 carbine.

Severalrifle designs utilize anen bloc clip for loading. With this design, both the cartridges and clip are inserted as a unit into afixed magazine within the rifle, and the clip is usually ejected or falls from the rifle upon firing or chambering of the last round. Theen bloc clip was invented byFerdinand Mannlicher for use in his Model 1885,Model 1886, and1888 rifles.

Other rifles utilizingen bloc clips include the GermanGewehr 88 (since 1905 replaced bystripper clips), the MexicanMondragón, the FrenchBerthier Mle 1890 andRSC Mle 1917, the ItalianM1870/87 Vetterli-Vitali, andM1891 Carcano, the various (Romanian, Dutch, and Portuguese) turn-bolt Mannlichers, the Austro-Hungarian straight-pullSteyr-Mannlicher M1895, the HungarianFÉG 35M, and the AmericanM1895 Lee Navy,M1 Garand, andPedersen T1E3. Original Austrian Mannlicher clips were often uni-directional, but already the Gewehr 88 and subsequently the M1891 Carcano used symmetrical clips.John Pedersen at first developed a irreversible clip[1] for his rifle, later he redesigned the clip to be reversible.[2] This design was also utilized for the competingdesigns byJohn Garand.[3]

Moon and half-moon

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Main article:Moon clip
Full moon and half-moon clips forM1917 revolvers. The.45 Auto Rim cartridge may be used in a revolver's cylinder without the clips.

A moon clip is a ring-shaped or stellate piece of metal designed to hold a full cylinder of ammunition for arevolver (commonly 6 rounds) together as a unit. Therefore, instead of loading or extracting one round at a time, a full cylinder of ammunition or spent cases can be loaded or extracted at once, speeding the loading process. A similar device known as a "half-moon clip" is semi-circular and designed to hold a half cylinder of ammunition (commonly 3 rounds) in which case two clips are necessary to fully load the cylinder. Such devices have most often been used to chamber rimlesssemi-automatic pistol cartridges into a revolver, but they can also be used with rimmed cartridges to allow for the faster loading and/or unloading of a revolver.

List of clip-fed and/or magazine-fed firearms

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Below is a list of firearms regardless of form (IE: Pistol, Rifle, Machine gun, etc.) that fires ammunition fed from en-bloc/stripper clips and/or detachable magazines.[4][5]

Clip only (fixed/integral magazine)

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NameTypeImageCartridgeCountryProducedFeed
Mannlicher M1894Semi-automatic pistol6.5×23mmR
7.6×24mmR
 Austria-HungaryStripper clip with internal 5-round magazine.
Roth-Steyr M1907Semi-automatic pistol8mm Roth-Steyr Austria-HungaryStripper clip with 10-round internal magazine.
Mauser C96Semi-automatic pistol7.62×25mm
9×19mm Parabellum
 German EmpireStripper clip with internal box magazine.
Steyr M1912Semi-automatic pistol
Machine pistol
9×23mm Steyr
9×19mm Parabellum
 Austria-HungaryStripper clip with 8-round internal magazine. Machine pistol variant with 16-round internal magazine.
Mosin-NagantBolt-action rifle7.62×54mmR RussiaStripper clip with permanent 5-round box magazine.
Gewehr 98Bolt-action rifle7.92×57mm German EmpireStripper clip with 5-round internal box magazine.
Karabiner 98kCarbine7.92×57mm GermanyStripper clip with 5-round internal magazine.
M1903 SpringfieldBolt-action rifle.30-06 Springfield United StatesStripper clip with internal 5-round magazine. Air Service variant with permanent 20-round box magazine.
M1917 EnfieldBolt-action rifle.30-06 Springfield United StatesStripper clip with 5-round internal magazine.
Mannlicher M1895Bolt-action rifle8×50mmR Mannlicher
8×56mmR
7.92×57mm Mauser
 Austria-HungaryStripper clip with permanent box magazine.
CarcanoBolt-action rifle6.5×52mm Carcano
7.35×51mm Carcano
6.5×54mm Mannlicher–Schönauer
7.92×57mm Mauser
6.5×50mm Arisaka
 ItalyStripper clip with 6-round internal box magazine.
Schönberger-Laumann 1892Semi-automatic pistol7.8×19mm Austria-HungaryStripper clip with permanent 5-round box magazine.
SKSSemi-automatic rifle7.62×39mm Soviet UnionPermanent 10-round magazine.[6][7]
Type 11Light machine gun6.5×50mm Arisaka JapanPermanent 30-round hopper fed with 6x 5-round stripper clips.
M1 GarandSemiautomatic rifle.30-06 Springfield United States8-round en-bloc with internal magazine.[8][9]
OA-96 carbineCarbine5.56×45mm NATO United StatesStripper clip with permanent 30-round STANAG box magazine.[10]

Dual usage (clip and detachable magazine)

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NameTypeImageCartridgeCountryProducedFeed
Lee-EnfieldBolt-action rifle.303 British United KingdomStripper clip with 10-round detachable box magazine.
Mauser Model 1889Bolt-action rifle7.65×53mm Mauser BelgiumStripper clip with 5-round detachable box magazine.
K31Straight-pull rifle7.5×55mm Swiss  SwitzerlandStripper clip with detachable 6-round box magazine.
Ruger Mini-14Semi-automatic rifle
Assault rifle
.222 Remington
.223 Remington
.300 AAC Blackout
5.56×45mm NATO
7.62×39mm
6.8 SPC
 United StatesStripper clip with detachable 20/30-round box magazines.
T48 rifleBattle rifle7.62×51mm NATO United StatesStripper clip with detachable 20-round box magazine.
Type 63Assault rifle7.62×39mm ChinaStripper clip with detachable 20-round box magazine.
Type 81Assault rifle7.62×39mm ChinaStripper clip with detachable 30-round box magazine.

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Cartridge clip".
  2. ^"Reversible en bloc clip for cartridges".
  3. ^Hogg, Ian V.; Weeks, John S.: (2000)Military Small Arms of the 20th Century, 7th Edition; Krause Publications,ISBN 0-87341-824-7
  4. ^Walker, Robert E. (2013).Cartridges and Firearm Identification. CRC Press. p. 419.ISBN 978-1-4665-8881-3.
  5. ^Muramatsu, Kevin (14 July 2014).Gun Digest Guide to Maintaining & Accessorizing Firearms. Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. p. 111.ISBN 978-1-4402-3989-2.
  6. ^SKS Rifle: Simonov Type 56Archived 24 December 2012 at theWayback Machine | TC 9–56, Department of the Army Training Circular, SKS RIFLE, Simonov Type 56, Headquarters, Department of the Army, October 1969
  7. ^Sweeney, Patrick (2009).The Gun Digest Book of the AK & SKS: A Complete Guide to Guns, Gear and Ammunition. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. p. 127.ISBN 978-0-89689-678-9.
  8. ^"Springfield Armory M1 Garand Operating Manual"(PDF).Springfield Armory. 2001. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on November 9, 2006. RetrievedOctober 3, 2008.
  9. ^"FM 23-5".Department of the Army. 1965. RetrievedOctober 3, 2008.
  10. ^Ramage, Ken (2006).Guns Illustrated 2007. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. p. 123.ISBN 0-89689-426-6.

External links

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Clip-fed firearms
Clip only (internal/fixed magazine)
35MArisakaArgentine Mauser Model 1909Armaguerra Mod. 39Bergmann 1896Berthier rifleBreda 30CarcanoCei-RigottiChiang Kai-shek rifleEriksen M/25Fiat Mod. 1928FN Model 24 and Model 30Fusil Automatique Modèle 1917Geweer M. 95Gewehr 98Gewehr 1888HIW VSKIshapore 2A1Karabiner 98kKbsp wz. 38MKel-Tec PR57M1 GarandM1870/87 Italian Vetterli-VitaliM1895 Lee NavyM1903 SpringfieldM1917 EnfieldM1941 JohnsonMadsen M47Mannlicher M1894Mannlicher M1886Mannlicher M1888Mannlicher M1890 carbineMannlicher M1893Mannlicher M1895Mannlicher M1901Mannlicher M1905Mannlicher–SchönauerMAS-36Mauser-KokaMauser Model 1893Mauser Model 1895Mauser Model 1902Mauser Model 1904Mauser Model 1908Mauser Model 1910Mauser StandardmodellMauser–VergueiroMBT 1925Meunier rifleMexican Mauser Model 1936Mexican Mauser Model 1954Mondragón rifleMosin–NagantOA-96 carbinePattern 1913 EnfieldPattern 1914 EnfieldPedersenPerino Model 1908PTRS-41Ross rifleRoth–Steyr M1907Roth–Theodorovic pistolSAFAT M1926Schönberger-Laumann 1892SKSSteyr M1912Swedish MauserTERA rifleType 11 light machine gunType 4 rifleType 38 rifleType 89 flexible typeType 97 sniper rifleType 99 rifleType 99 sniper rifleType I rifleType Kō RifleVz. 24Vz. 33vz. 98/22Winchester Model 1895Zastava M 98/48Zastava M48Zastava M59/66
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