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Clifton College
Clifton College Upper School, seen from the Close
Location
College Road Bristol , BS8 3JH England
Coordinates	51°27′42″N2°37′12″W / 51.4618°N 2.6200°W /51.4618; -2.6200
Information
Type	Public school Private boarding and day school
Motto	Latin:Spiritus Intus Alit The spirit nourishes within
Established	1862; 163 years ago (1862)
Founder	John Percival
Department for Education URN	109334Tables
Head of College	Tim Greene
Gender	Mixed
Age	2 to 18
Enrolment	1,171
Capacity	1,200
Houses	12 (in the Upper School)
Colours	Blue, Green, Navy
Alumni	Old Cliftonians
Website	cliftoncollege.com

Clifton College is apublic school in the city ofBristol inSouth West England, founded in 1862 and offering bothboarding andday school for pupils aged 13–18. In its early years, unlike most contemporary public schools, it emphasised science rather thanclassics in the curriculum, and was less concerned with social elitism, for example by admittingday-boys on equal terms and providing a dedicated boarding house for Jewish boys, called Polack's House.^[1][2][3] Having linked itsGeneral Studies classes withBadminton School, it admitted girls to every year group (from pre-prep up to Upper 6th, excepting 5th form due to potential O-levels disruption) in 1987, and was the first of the traditional boys' public schools to become fully coeducational.^[4] Polack's House closed in 2005 but a scholarship fund open to Jewish candidates still exists.^[5] Clifton College is one of the original 26 English public schools as defined by thePublic Schools Yearbook of 1889.

The school was also the headquarters of theUS army in Britain during part of theSecond World War. GeneralOmar Bradley used the school's buildings as a staff office from October to November 1944.^[6]

Clifton College is one of the few schools in the UK to have educated several Nobel laureates:^{[citation needed]} SirJohn Kendrew, who received theNobel Prize in Chemistry in 1962; SirJohn Hicks, winner of the 1972Nobel Prize in Economics; SirNevill Francis Mott, who received theNobel Prize in Physics in 1977; andGeoffrey Hinton who received theNobel Prize in Physics in 2024.

The school takes boys and girls aged between 13 and 18. It has its ownpreparatory school, Clifton College Preparatory School (known as the 'Pre'), for children from 8 to 13 which adjoins the school and shares many of the same facilities; there is also a pre-preparatory school for younger children aged 3 to 8 called Butcombe. To distinguish it from the junior schools, Clifton College proper is referred to as the 'Upper School'.

There are around 720 children in the Upper School of whom about a third are girls. At the start of the 2004 – 2005 school year, a new boarding/day house for girls (Hallward's House) was opened.

In 2005, the school was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools which were found guilty of running anillegal price-fixing cartel, exposed byThe Times, which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents.^[7] Each school was required to pay a penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.^[8]

DuringWorld War II the heavy bombing of Bristol caused the students to be evacuated toBude. In February 1941 the buildings were used by theRoyal Army Service Corps as an Officer Cadet Training Unit. In 1942 they were replaced by theUnited States Army who established it as the headquarters ofV Corps and then theFirst Army. Staff were involved in preparations for theNormandy landings under GeneralOmar Bradley. After D-Day the college was taken over as headquarters of theNinth Army under GeneralWilliam Hood Simpson.^[9]

To enable rapid travel and communications between the headquarters and dispersed units extensive use was made of light aircraft for travel. Some flights usedFilton Airfield and othersWhitchurch, however the majority were from the college's playing fields at Beggars Bush Field, between the college andLeigh Woods, which was turned into an airfield.^[9]

Before 1987, Clifton was a boys-only school with seven boarding houses (School House, Brown's, Watson's, Dakyns', Oakeley's, Wiseman's, Polack's) and three day-houses (East Town, North Town and The South Town). In each of the current seven boarding Houses (four for boys, three for girls) live the Housemaster or Housemistress and family, an Assistant and the Matron. In addition, each House has up to four non-residential Tutors. Also, pupils wear ties with different coloured stripes according to their house membership; which are also the colours of the jerseys the pupils wear to distinguish between houses in inter-house sporting events.^[10]

There are 12 houses currently in the Upper School of Clifton College, which have an order of precedence based on the date of their foundation.^[11] There are also houses in Clifton College Preparatory School not listed below.

^[12]

Holland's house, a girls' day house, was made in 2017 with colours white, pink and navy.

Several other houses have existed during the school's history. In WW2, while the school was evacuated to Bude, United House (UH) was created from pupils of houses placed in temporary abeyance. Dakyns' House and Brown's House were closed in 1993, and Polack's House, which took Jewish boys only, was closed in 2005. These are listed below:

In the decades after the school's foundation, with the exception of School House, the Houses were named after the Housemaster at the time, but in the late 19th century this pattern was abandoned, and all Houses reverted to the name of their first Housemaster. This nomenclature convention was not however used for Hallward's House (founded in 2004 and named after a former Headmaster, Bertrand Hallward, nor for Worcester House (the second girls' house, founded in 1989 and named after the road in which it is situated). When Dakyns' House and Brown's House were merged in September 1993, the original suggestion was to name the new establishment "Dakyns-Brown's House", but following a suggestion from a pupil, the name "Moberly's House" was chosen, commemoratingWilliam Moberly, the only teacher who had been involved in both of the antecedent establishments (as Housemaster of both Dakyns' and House Tutor of Brown's).^[13]

The college buildings were designed by the architectCharles Hansom (the brother ofJoseph Hansom); his first design was for Big School and a proposed dining hall. Only the former was built and a small extra short wing was added in 1866 – this is what now contains the Marshal's office and the new staircase into Big School. It has been designated byEnglish Heritage as a grade IIlisted building.^[14]

Hansom was called back in the 1870s and asked to design what is now the Percival Library and the open-cloister classrooms. This project was largely completed by 1875 – although the Wilson Tower was not built until 1890 (grade II listed^[15]).Other buildings were added as follows:

• By 1875, Brown's, Dakyns' and Oakley's had been opened along with what is now 32 College Road – originally this functioned as accommodation for bachelor masters
• Three fives courts (1864)
• The original sanitorium (1865)
• Gymnasium (1867)
• Two swimming pools (1869)
• An open rackets court (1872)
• The present workshop (1873)
• The chapel (1867); this was built to Charles Hansom's original design, but was moved from the intended site (which is now the gym). As built, the chapel was a narrowaisleless building, and just the width of its present west end. It was the gift of the widow ofCanon Guthrie. Hansom was given permission "to quarry sufficient stone from the college grounds for the purposes of the Chapel building".

The Chapel building was licensed by the Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol in 1867. It is now grade II* listed.^[16]

In early Percival years, the nucleus of the school buildings was laid down.

In 1880, the school's East Wing was completed as far as the staircase (this had yet to be linked to the library by the Wilson Tower) and added a science lecture-room (which is the reason for the curious 'stepped' windows), a laboratory and several classrooms.

In 1886, a porters' lodge and what is now the staff common room were added by enlarging what had been the original science school. On the ground floor was the school tuck-shop and above this (in what is now the Upper Common Room) was a drawing-school. The day boys were provided for in Town Rooms for both North and South Town. The East Wing was then completed by carrying it beyond the staircase and then creating an additional classroom at each end. The ground-floor classroom (then Room 12) is now known as the "Newbolt Room" and has been furnished by theOld Cliftonian Society, which still uses it for reunions.Between 1890 and the start of the First World War, the new Music School (1897) was added and the Chapel rebuilt (1910).

Dr John King, whose headmastership spanned the war years, had little scope for building after 1914, but he did oversee the development of the playing fields at Beggar's Bush, the building of the Memorial Arch, the neo-classical cricket pavilion and the opening of the new Sanitorium in Worcester Road.

On 3 December 1918, the former headmaster John Percival died and was buried in the vault of the school Chapel. In 1921, a memorial chapel was created and consecrated about his tomb.Norman Whatley was the headmaster between 1923 and 1938; his tenure saw the opening of the Preparatory School and the building of the Science School on the site of the previous Junior School. Designed byA. E. Munby, it was opened in 1926.^[17]

Also at this time, the school acquiredHugh Ray Easton's new east windows. The windows also contain a curiosity: beneath the representation of the heavenly Jerusalem is depicted a game of cricket on the Close – with one of Whatley's sons taking part.In 1965–1967, the theatre was built by the architects Whicheloe and MacFarlane.^[18]

In 1982, on the site of the old swimming pools, the new Sports Hall, remedial gym and a new covered swimming pool were built; previously boys used the outdoor Victorian pool and its outdoor covered changing cubicles.

The 1980s also saw the building of the Coulson Centre which links together two previously separate classroom blocks, at Muir and Birdwood houses. As a result of the improvements in modern medicine, the Sanitorium in Worcester Road was unnecessarily large for the school's needs, and so the old pre-1921 Sanatorium on the Close has been refitted to serve this purpose, whilst the Worcester Road sanatorium has been refitted as the headmaster's house.

At the side of College Road, opposite what was Dakyns' boarding house (now East Town and North Town), is the college's memorial arch designed byCharles Holden, which commemorates teachers and pupils who died in the two World Wars. Traditionally, the removal of headgear is expected when walking through the arch. There is also a school rule that states hands must be out of pockets when walking through the arch. It is now grade II listed.^[19] The college's buildings, mainly School House, were used as the main HQ where theD-Day landings were planned. The college played a major part in both World Wars;Field MarshalDouglas Haig was an Old Cliftonian who went on to command the British armed forces in the First World War. Through the memorial arch and in front of School House is a life-size statue of Haig.^[20] At the edge of the quad is a memorial to those killed in the South African Wars.^[21]

The college sporting facilities include:

• Close Pavilion
• 20 acres (81,000 m²) of local playing fields including the Close and College fields
• 80 acres (32 ha) of playing fields at Clifton College Sports Ground (Beggar Bush Lane)
• FourFives courts
• Gym
• Indoor heated swimming pool
• New pavilion
• On-campuscricket nets
• One 3GFootball pitch
• One Olympic standard 4G hockey pitch
• Rackets court
• Real tennis court
• Seven on-campus tennis courts
• Twenty four tennis courts (including some under cover of the dome or 'bubble')
• Two Astroturfhockey pitches
• Two indoor gyms

The college ground, known as the Close, played a role in the history of cricket and witnessed 13 ofW G Grace's first-class hundreds for Gloucestershire in the County Championship. Grace's children attended the college.

The Close appears in a poem by Old CliftonianHenry Newbolt – "Vitaї Lampada" ("There's a breathless hush in the Close to-night")

Clifton College was one of the original 8 "Lord's Schools", who were entitled to play fixtures atLord's against each other. These matches were Clifton vTonbridge,Rugby vMarlborough,Cheltenham vHaileybury, andEton vHarrow. The Clifton v Tonbridge fixture at Lord's was first played in 1914, but ceased to be played in the 1960s, along with most other Lord's Schools matches. Today, onlyEton v Harrow continues to take place at Lord's. A centenary match took place in June 2014 to commemorate the anniversary of the first playing of this match.^[22]

On one of the college's cricket pitches, now known as Collins' Piece, what was for 116 years the highest-evercricket score was reached in June 1899, in the inter-house match between Clark's House and North Town. In this matchA. E. J. Collins, killed in theFirst World War, scored 628 not out, but not under the current rules of the game.^[23][24] The record was surpassed in January 2016 by 15-year-oldPranav Dhanawade of Mumbai, India, with a score of 1,009 in a schools' match. Collins was not the first Clifton schoolboy to hold this record: in 1868,Edward Tylecote, who went on to helpEngland reclaimthe Ashes in1882–83, was a previous holder, with 404 not out in a game between Classicals and Moderns. Collins' achievement is commemorated on a small plaque on the side of theceramics building.

A number of famous cricketers are Clifton alumni. A fuller entry can be found under theList of Old Cliftonians, and includes:

• W. G. Grace junior, son ofW. G. Grace, Gloucestershire and MCC cricketer.
• SirKingsmill Key,Bt., captain of Surrey, MCC and England cricketer.
• John Daniell, captain of Somerset, England rugby international
• Basil Allen, cricketer, Gloucestershire captain
• Edwin Field, Middlesex cricketer, England rugby international
• James Kirtley, England cricketer
• Matt Windows, Gloucestershire cricketer and England 'A' cap.
• Edward Tylecote, England cricketer
• George Whitehead, England cricketer^[25]
• Charlie Townsend, England cricketer
• Edward Scott, Gloucestershire & MCC cricketer, England rugby international (captain).
• James Bush Gloucestershire cricketer, England rugby international
• Robert Edwin Bush Gloucestershire cricketer
• William Brain, English cricketer and footballer
• Archibald Fargus, English cricketer, scholar, clergyman
• Lothian Bonham-Carter, English cricketer, Justice of the Peace and soldier

Clifton has chapel services and a focus on Christianity, but for 125 years there was also aJewish boarding house (Polack's), complete withkosher dining facilities and synagogue for boys in the Upper School. This was the last of its kind in Europe. However, at the end of the 2004–05 school year, the Polack's trust (Polack's House Educational Trust) announced that Polack's House would be closed due to the low numbers of boys in the house (although many pupils were turned down subsequently). Polack's House Educational Trust (PHET) now offers scholarships to the school.

The school chapel was the inspiration behind Newbolt's poem Clifton Chapel, which starts:

CLIFTON CHAPEL

This is the Chapel: here, my son,

Your father thought the thoughts of youth,

And heard the words that one by one

The touch of Life has turn'd to truth.

Here in a day that is not far,

You too may speak with noble ghosts

Of manhood and the vows of war

You made before the Lord of Hosts.

Clifton College has its own theatre, originally known as the Clifton College Theatre, but later renamed in honour of old-boy actorMichael Redgrave. The theatre was built in the 1960s and has a seating capacity of 323.^[26][27] As well as school productions, the venue hosts visiting small scale productions including many by the nearbyBristol Old Vic Theatre School.^[28]

Listed in order of appointment:

• 1862–1879John Percival (Bishop of Hereford)
• 1879–1890James Wilson
• 1891–1905Michael George Glazebrook
• 1905–1910Albert David (Bishop of Liverpool)
• 1910–1923John Edward King
• 1923–1938Norman Whatley
• 1938–1948Bertrand Hallward
• 1948–1954Henry Desmond Pritchard Lee
• 1954–1962Nicholas Hammond
• 1963–1975Stephen McWatters
• 1975–1990 Stuart Morrison Andrews
• 1990–2000 Andrew Hugh Monro
• 2000–2005Stephen Spurr
• 2005–2015Mark Moore
• 2015– Dr Tim Greene

• Alexander Jones (1854–1878), formerWales footballer, killed in a shooting accident on a train while bringing a group of college cadets home from rifle practice.^[29]
• J. R. Eccles (1874–1956), an old boy who was a Physics master at Clifton, was later headmaster ofGresham's^[30]
• J. L. Thorn, master at Clifton 1949 to 1961, later head ofRepton andWinchester
• T. E. Brown, scholar, poet, and theologian
• R. P. Keigwin, Clifton housemaster, later Warden ofWills Hall
• James Gordon MacGregor, a science master 1877–1879
• Sir William McKie, Australian organist, Conductor, and composer
• William Moberly, Englandrugby international (player number 32) andGloucestershire cricket player who was famed for his partnerships withW. G. Grace.
• Wilfrid Oldaker was Chaplain from 1931 to 1938, later headmaster ofChrist Church Cathedral School^[31]
• Rt Revd David Stancliffe, laterBishop of Salisbury
• T. H. Stokoe, second master at Clifton, later head ofRichmond Grammar School,Reading School, andKing's College School.
• Sir Reginald Thatcher (1888–1975), composer and Principal of the Royal Academy of Music^[32]

Jonathan Thomson-Glover, a housemaster and former pupil, pleaded guilty to making covert films of children aged twelve to seventeen showering, changing, going to the toilet and conducting private acts, in the college itself and at an address in Cornwall. He was jailed in 2015, convicted atTaunton Crown Court, and sentenced to three years and nine months' imprisonment after admitting to 36 counts of taking, making and possessing indecent images of children.^[33][34]

Clifton College subsequently commissioned an independent expert to undertake a thorough review of safeguarding at the school, culminating in a report which it published in full.^[35] The report contained a number of recommendations, all of which were then implemented. This, together with a complete change in the school's leadership in 2016, led to a wholesale transformation in safeguarding culture and practices at the school.^[36]

The statutory Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse (2015–2022) criticised Clifton College and its former leadership, governance and safeguarding arrangements in its investigation into residential schools.^[37] Clifton has also made a £200k settlement with a former pupil who made claims of abuse against a former teacher in the late 1980s.^[38] Clifton's leadership today emphasize safeguarding, with a dedicated team and policies in place.^[39]

TheOld Cliftonian Society [OCS] is the Society for the alumni of Clifton College – whether pupils or staff. The OCS organises reunions at the school and publishes a newsletter for alumni. Alumni are known as Old Cliftonians or OCs.

The Register's motto:

"There be of them, that have left a name behind them, that their praises might be reported..."

TheClifton College Register is the official set of records held for Clifton College in Bristol. The Register is kept and maintained by the Old Cliftonian Society.

These records have been maintained unbroken from the start of the school in 1862 and list every pupil, master and headmaster. Each person is allocated a school number – for masters and headmasters the number is prefixed with either an M or HM. The Register also maintains a record of the school roll in numbers, the Heads of School and summarises the major sporting records for each year.

The Register, published by the Old Cliftonian Society, is in four volumes:

• 1862 – 1947 (a)
• 1862 – 1962 (b)
• 1962 – 1978 (c)
• 1978 – 1994 (d)

First entries in the Register:-

• P1. September 1862 – Francis Charles Anderson (14 November 1846 – 1881)

• M1. September 1862 – Rev DrT. H. Stokoe, educated atUppingham; Exhibitioner ofLincoln College, Oxford; left 1863; Preacher ofGray's Inn; d 1903)

The early years

• Numbers of pupils in the school
  • 1862 – 69
  • 1863 – 195 (including the new junior school)
  • 1864 – 237
  • 1865 – 258
  • 1866 – 278
• Heads of School
  • 1862 – H. W. Wellesley
  • 1863 – A. W. Paul

Coat of arms of Clifton College

Notes Granted 8 April 1895.[40] Escutcheon Argent, a chevron between two trefoils slipped in chief and a garb in base azure; a chief gules, thereon a ducal coronet Or between two books argent, clasped and garnished gold. Motto 'Spiritus intus alit' ('The spirit nourishes within', fromVirgil'sAeneid)

• Clifton College,The History of Saint Agnes Parish,1876–1890 (J. W. Arrowsmith, Bristol, 1890)
• Clifton College,The Memorial to Old Cliftonians who fell in the South African War (J. W. Arrowsmith, Bristol, 1904)
• Clifton College,The Cliftonian Memorial of the Great War, 1914–1919 (J. W. Arrowsmith, Bristol, 1922)
• Derek Winterbottom,Henry Newbolt and the Spirit of Clifton (Redcliffe Press, Bristol, 1986)
• Derek Winterbottom,Dynasty: The Polack Family and the Jewish House at Clifton, 1878–2005 (The Polack House Educational Trust, 2008)
• Derek Winterbottom,Clifton after Percival: a public school in the twentieth century (Redcliffe Press, Bristol, 1990)

• Old Cliftonian Society

• Clifton College Register 1862 – 1962 – Published by the Old Cliftonian Society

Wikimedia Commons has media related toClifton College.

• Clifton College website
• Profile on theIndependent Schools Council website

• Private schools in Bristol
• Racquets venues
• Boarding schools in Bristol
• Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference
• Grade II* listed buildings in Bristol
• Grade II listed buildings in Bristol
• Educational institutions established in 1862
• Real tennis venues
• 1862 establishments in England
• Clifton, Bristol
• Schools cricket
• Grade II* listed educational buildings
• People educated at Clifton College

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