This area was historically occupied by theCreek Indians untilIndian Removal in the 1830s. European Americans pushed them out and developed the land for cotton, bringing in thousands of Africanslaves to work the land.
According to theU.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 217 square miles (560 km2), of which 195 square miles (510 km2) is land and 22 square miles (57 km2) (10.1%) is water.[5]
The central and southwestern portions of Clay County, from west ofBluffton to northwest ofColeman, are located in the LowerChattahoochee River sub-basin of theACF River Basin (Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin). The county's northwestern corner, which is bisected byState Route 39 running north fromFort Gaines, is located in the MiddleChattahoochee River-Walter F. George Lake sub-basin of the same ACF River Basin. Just the very southeastern corner of Clay County is located in theSpring Creek sub-basin of the same larger ACF River Basin.[6]
Clay County, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
As of the2010 United States census, there were 3,183 people, 1,331 households, and 869 families living in the county.[19] The population density was 16.3 inhabitants per square mile (6.3/km2). There were 2,102 housing units at an average density of 10.8 per square mile (4.2/km2).[20] The racial makeup of the county was 60.4% black or African American, 37.6% white, 0.3% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 0.8% of the population.[19] In terms of ancestry, and 3.3% wereAmerican.[21]
Of the 1,331 households, 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.5% were married couples living together, 22.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.7% were non-families, and 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.93. The median age was 45.8 years.[19]
The median income for a household in the county was $26,250 and the median income for a family was $31,354. Males had a median income of $29,440 versus $23,816 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,353. About 25.5% of families and 34.2% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 56.7% of those under age 18 and 16.0% of those age 65 or over.[22]
As of thecensus[23] of 2000, there were 3,357 people, 1,347 households, and 928 families living in the county. Thepopulation density was 17 people per square mile (6.6 people/km2). There were 1,925 housing units at an average density of 10 per square mile (3.9/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 60.47%Black orAfrican American, 38.43%White, 0.12%Native American, 0.27%Asian, 0.06%Pacific Islander, and 0.66% from two or more races. 0.95% of the population wereHispanic orLatino of any race.
There were 1,347 households, out of which 25.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.70% weremarried couples living together, 23.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.10% were non-families. 27.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.70% under the age of 18, 8.00% from 18 to 24, 21.00% from 25 to 44, 25.70% from 45 to 64, and 19.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 83.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.50 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $21,448, and the median income for a family was $27,837. Males had a median income of $26,557 versus $17,083 for females. Theper capita income for the county was $16,819. About 28.10% of families and 31.30% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 43.40% of those under age 18 and 23.90% of those age 65 or over.
Clay County was one of the most consistently votingDemocratic counties in the country. It voted for the Democratic nominee in every election from 1868 until 1960, and then again since 1976. In the2022 Georgia state elections, however, Clay County voted for everyRepublican candidate exceptHerschel Walker. This has resulted in the county becoming a swing county. In 2024,Donald Trump lost the county by less than 8 points, the closest a Republican presidential candidate has come to carrying the county sinceRichard Nixon won it in his 1972 landslide.
United States presidential election results for Clay County, Georgia[24]
