| Clarion River | |
|---|---|
 The Clarion River flows beneathI-80 (looking upstream). | |
 | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • coordinates | 41°29′28″N78°40′41″W / 41.4911727°N 78.6780816°W /41.4911727; -78.6780816 |
| Mouth | |
• coordinates | 41°06′59″N79°40′30″W / 41.1164511°N 79.6750488°W /41.1164511; -79.6750488 |
• elevation | 850 ft (260 m) |
| Basin features | |
| River system | Allegheny River |
| Type | Scenic, Recreational |
| Designated | October 19, 1996 |
TheClarion River is atributary of theAllegheny River, approximately 110 mi (177 km) long, in west centralPennsylvania in theUnited States.[1] It drains a rugged area of theAllegheny Plateau in theOhio River watershed, flowing through narrow serpentinevalleys and hardwoodforests.
The river is formed atJohnsonburg in centralElk County by the confluence of its East and West Branches. The East Branch, approximately 15 mi (24 km) long, rises in northeastern Elk County and flows southwest throughEast Branch Clarion River Lake to join the West Branch. The river flows generally west-southwest across western Pennsylvania in a tightmeandering course pastRidgway andClarion. It joins the Allegheny from the east in westernClarion County approximately 5 mi (8 km) south ofEmlenton.
The Clarion is a designated part of theNational Wild and Scenic River program.
| River | Location | Discharge |
|---|---|---|
| East Branch Clarion River | East Branch Clarion River Dam | 148 cu ft/s (4.2 m3/s)[2] |
| West Branch Clarion River | Wilcox | 128 cu ft/s (3.6 m3/s)[3] |
| Clarion River | St. Petersburg | 2,248 cu ft/s (63.7 m3/s)[4] |
Before 1817, the Clarion River was more commonly called "Tobeco," likely a corruption ofTuppeek-hanne, meaning the stream that flows from a large spring. The French explorers named the river Rivière au Fiel. Settlers called it the Toby or Stump Creek as early as 1809. The name Clarion was given by surveyor Daniel Stanard in 1817, who said the water sounded like a distantclarion.[5]
At the end of the 19th century and into the beginning of the 20th century, much of what is now theAllegheny National Forest and surrounding areas were deforested, in part to make way for the oil boom that followedEdwin Drake's discovery of oil nearTitusville on August 27, 1859, but also for wood chemicals.[6] Bark was in especially high demand for localtanneries that produced prodigious amounts of leather. This deforestation significantly degraded the watershed of the upper Allegheny in general, leading to floods downstream (particularly inPittsburgh), and eventually to the declaration of the national forest in 1923, but in the case of the Clarion River, run-off from tanneries compounded the problem, as didacid mine drainage.[7] The Clarion was an important part of the timber industry, allowing timber to be transported downstream to the Allegheny, then the Ohio, and ultimately the Mississippi. The Clarion River came to be Pennsylvania's most polluted waterway.
The regrowth of the forest did much to help restore the Clarion River, as well as a major cleaning effort in the 1980s. Today, the river is used for fishing, canoeing, and other recreational activities,[8] and runs through extensive wildlife and forest areas, including a 4,241-acre (17.16 km2) inventoried roadless area that has been proposed as awilderness area.[9] In 1996, a 51.7-mile (83.2 km) stretch of the Clarion River was designated a National Wild & Scenic River.[10] The bridge at Cooksburg is in Clarion County in its western portion, passes through a narrow spike of Forest County in its middle, and is in Jefferson County at its east end.
USS Clarion River (LSM(R)-409) was an LSM(R)-401-class medium-type landing ship (LSM) built for the United States Navy during World War II.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
