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Cladodus

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Extinct genus of cartilaginous fishes

Cladodus
Temporal range:Carboniferous
A tooth which has been assigned toCladodus sp. fromMammoth Cave.Cladodus exhibitscladodont dentition
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain:Eukaryota
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Chondrichthyes
Subclass:Elasmobranchii
Order:Ctenacanthiformes
Family:Ctenacanthidae
Genus:Cladodus
Agassiz, 1843
Species

See text

Cladodus is an extinct genus ofcartilaginous fishes in the familyCtenacanthidae. As thename implies, they are a type ofcladodont, primitivesharks withteeth designed to snag fish andswallow them whole, instead of sawing off chunks to swallow.

Fossils ofCladodus have been found inBarkip, Scotland,[1]Bundock andLaurel Formations, Australia[2] and in thePitkin Formation (Carboniferous period) inArkansas, United States. In addition, fossils attributable toCladodus are known from theManning Canyon Shale of Carboniferous age in the state ofUtah.[3]

Species

[edit]
  • Cladodus alternatusSt. John & Worthen, 1875
  • Cladodus angulatusNewberry & Worthen, 1866
  • Cladodus belliferSt. John & Worthen, 1875
  • Cladodus divaricatusTrautschold, 1874
  • Cladodus elegansNewberry & Worthen, 1870[4] Remains (braincase and a tooth) have been found in Scotland (Clackmannan Group).[5]
  • Cladodus eriensisBryant, 1935
  • Cladodus formosusHay, 1902
  • Cladodus gailensisFeichtingeret al., 2021[6]
  • Cladodus marginatusAgassiz, 1843
  • Cladodus mirabilisAgassiz, 1843 (type species)
  • Cladodus pandatusSt. John & Worthen, 1875
  • Cladodus springeriSt. John & Worthen, 1875
  • Cladodus thomasiTurner, 1982 Known by teeth from the Lower CarboniferousBundock Formation, North Queensland, and theTournaisianLaurel Formation, Western Australia. Teeth reach 2.2-90 mm in length. This species was considered as a junior synonym ofStethacanthus obtusus by Lebedev (1996) but later reassigned toCladodus due to a smaller number and distinct morphology of cusps.[2]
  • Cladodus vanhorneiSt. John & Worthen, 1875
  • Cladodus yunnanensisPan, 1964

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Catalogue of the western Scottish fossils (Public domain ed.). Blackie. 1876. pp. 76–. Retrieved19 February 2012.
  2. ^abBrett Roelofs, Milo Barham, Arthur J. Mory, Kate Trinajstics (January 2016)."Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous chondrichthyans from the Fairfield Group, Canning Basin, Western Australia".Palaeontologia Electronica.19 (1): 1-28.doi:10.26879/583.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^Mickle, Kathryn E. (9 September 2011)."The early actinopterygian fauna of the Manning Canyon Shale Formation (upper Mississippian, lower Pennsylvanian) of Utah, U.S.A."Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.31 (5):962–980.Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..962M.doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.595622.S2CID 129224357. Retrieved9 September 2020.
  4. ^Comments on the selachian genus Cladodus Agassiz, 1843. Christopher J. Duffin and Michal Ginter, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2006, Volume 26, Issue 2, pages 253-266,doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[253:COTSGC2.0.CO;2]
  5. ^The Braincase and Jaws of Cladodus from the Lower Carboniferous of Scotland. Michal Ginter and John G. Maisey, Palaeontology, March 2007, Volume 50, Issue 2, pages 305–322,doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00633.x
  6. ^Feichtinger, I.; Ivanov, A. O.; Winkler, V.; Dojen, C.; Kindlimann, R.; Kriwet, J.; Pfaff, C.; Schraut, G.; Stumpf, S. (2021). "Scarce ctenacanthiform sharks from the Mississippian of Austria with an analysis of Carboniferous elasmobranch diversity in response to climatic and environmental changes".Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.41 (2): e1925902.Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E5902F.doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1925902.S2CID 237518044.
Gnathostomata
Chondrichthyes
    • see below↓
Sinacanthidae
†"Ischnacanthiformes"
Acritolepidae
Ischnacanthidae
Podoliacanthidae
Poracanthodidae
Diplacanthiformes
Diplacanthidae
Acanthodiformes
Acanthodidae
Cheiracanthidae
Mesacanthidae
"Climatiiformes"
and related taxa
Climatiidae
Gyracanthidae
"Conventionally defined
chondrichthyans"
    • see below↓
Ischnacanthus gracilis

Diplacanthus sp.Acanthodes lopatini

Brochoadmones milesi
"Conventionally defined chondrichthyans"
"Conventionally defined chondrichthyans"
Antarctilamnidae
Mcmurdodontidae
Pucapampellidae
Omalodontiformes
Aztecodontidae
Omalodontidae
†"Ctenacanthiformes"
Ctenacanthidae
Heslerodidae
Jalodontidae
Phoebodontidae
Symmoriiformes
Cladoselachidae?
Falcatidae
Symmoriidae
Bransonelliformes
Xenacanthiformes
Diplodoselachidae
Xenacanthidae
Crown-Chondrichthyes
Doliodus problematicus

Ctenacanthus concinnusCobelodus sp.

Xenacanthus decheni
Incertae sedis scale-based taxa
Altholepidiformes?
Elegestolepidida?
Elegestolepididae
Mongolepidida?
Mongolepididae
Shiqianolepidae
Tchunacanthidae
Vesperaliidae
Others
Cladodus


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