A map ofTyne and Wear , showing the Metropolitan Boroughs: (1)Gateshead ; (2)Newcastle upon Tyne ; (3)North Tyneside ; (4)South Tyneside ; and (5)Sunderland There are 10 civil parishes in theceremonial county ofTyne and Wear , most of the county beingunparished ;North Tyneside andSouth Tyneside are completely unparished. It is thecounty of England with the lowest number ofcivil parishes . At the 2001 census, there were 41,044 people living in the 10 parishes, accounting for 3.8 per cent of the county's population. Acivil parish is the lowest unit oflocal government in England .
Parishes arose fromChurch of England divisions, and were originally purely ecclesiastical divisions. Over time they acquired civil administration powers.[ 1]
TheHighways Act 1555 made parishes responsible for the upkeep of roads. Every adult inhabitant of the parish was obliged to work four days a year on the roads, providing their own tools, carts and horses; the work was overseen by an unpaid local appointee, theSurveyor of Highways .[ 2]
The poor were looked after by themonasteries , until theirdissolution . In 1572, magistrates were given power to 'survey the poor' and impose taxes for their relief. This system was made more formal by thePoor Law Act 1601 , which made parishes responsible for administering thePoor Law ; overseers were appointed to charge arate to support the poor of the parish.[ 3] Poor Law powers were transferred toPoor Law Unions .[ 4] Public Health Act 1872 grouped parishes into Rural Sanitary Districts, based on the Poor Law Unions; these subsequently formed the basis forRural Districts .[ 5]
Parishes were run byvestries , meeting annually to appoint officials, and were generally identical to ecclesiastical parishes,[ 6] townships in large parishes administered thePoor Law themselves; under theDivided Parishes and Poor Law Amendment Act 1882 , allextra-parochial areas andtownships that levied a separate rate became independent civil parishes.[ 7]
Civil parishes in their modern sense date from theLocal Government Act 1894 , which abolishedvestries ; established elected parish councils in all rural parishes with more than 300 electors; grouped rural parishes into Rural Districts; and aligned parish boundaries with county and borough boundaries.[ 7] Urban District ,Municipal Borough orCounty Borough in which they were situated; many large towns contained a number of parishes, and these were usually merged into one. Parish councils were not formed in urban areas, and the only function of the parish was to elect guardians to Poor Law Unions; with the abolition of thePoor Law system in 1930 the parishes had only a nominal existence.[ 8]
TheLocal Government Act 1972 retained civil parishes in rural areas, and many formerUrban Districts andMunicipal Boroughs that were being abolished were replaced by new successor parishes; urban areas that were considered too large to be single parishes becameunparished areas .[ 9]
Tyne and Wear showing the former local authorities The current position [ edit ] Recent governments have encouraged the formation of town and parish councils in unparished areas, and theLocal Government and Rating Act 1997 gave local residents the right to demand the creation of a new civil parish.[ 10]
A parish council can become a town council unilaterally, simply by resolution;[ 9] city status , but only if that is granted bythe Crown .[ 9] mayor .[ 9] Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 introduced alternative names: a parish council can now choose to be called a community; village; or neighbourhood council.[ 11]
Civil parishes with town status List of civil parishes and unparished areas [ edit ] Image Name Status Population District Former local authority Refs Birtley Unparished area 11,377 Gateshead Chester le Street [ 12] [ 13] [ 14] Blaydon Unparished area 27,552 Gateshead Blaydon [ 15] [ 16] Felling Unparished area 35,490 Gateshead Felling [ 17] [ 18] Gateshead Unparished area 62,338 Gateshead Gateshead [ 19] [ 20] Lamesley Civil parish 3,928 Gateshead Chester le Street [ 12] [ 13] Ryton Unparished area 16,626 Gateshead Ryton [ 21] [ 22] Whickham Unparished area 33,840 Gateshead Whickham [ 23] [ 24] Blakelaw and North Fenham Civil parish 6,468 Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne [ 25] [ 26] Brunswick Civil parish 1,024 Newcastle upon Tyne Castle Ward [ 27] [ 26] Dinnington Civil parish 1,710 Newcastle upon Tyne Castle Ward [ 27] [ 26] Gosforth Unparished area 22,297 Newcastle upon Tyne Gosforth [ 28] [ 29] Hazlerigg Civil parish 1,053 Newcastle upon Tyne Castle Ward [ 27] [ 26] Newburn Unparished area 41,294 Newcastle upon Tyne Newburn [ 30] [ 31] Newcastle upon Tyne Unparished area 174,235 Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne [ 25] [ 32] North Gosforth Civil parish 3,527 Newcastle upon Tyne Castle Ward [ 27] [ 26] Woolsington Civil parish 7,928 Newcastle upon Tyne Castle Ward [ 27] [ 26] Earsdon Unparished area 10,129 North Tyneside Seaton Valley [ 33] [ 34] Longbenton Unparished area 47,414 North Tyneside Longbenton [ 35] [ 36] Tynemouth Unparished area 55,759 North Tyneside Tynemouth [ 37] [ 38] Wallsend Unparished area 42,842 North Tyneside Wallsend [ 39] [ 40] Whitley Bay Unparished area 35,515 North Tyneside Whitley Bay [ 41] [ 42] Boldon Unparished area 46,508 South Tyneside Boldon [ 43] [ 44] Hebburn Unparished area 21,820 South Tyneside Hebburn [ 45] [ 46] Jarrow Unparished area 16,046 South Tyneside Jarrow [ 47] [ 48] South Shields Unparished area 68,411 South Tyneside South Shields [ 49] [ 50] Burdon Civil parish 971 Sunderland Easington [ 51] [ 52] Hetton Town 14,402 Sunderland Hetton [ 53] [ 52] Houghton le Spring Unparished area 33,179 Sunderland Houghton le Spring [ 54] [ 55] Sunderland Unparished area 176,768 Sunderland Sunderland [ 56] [ 57] Warden Law Civil parish 33 Sunderland Easington [ 51] [ 52] Washington Unparished area 55,454 Sunderland Washington [ 58] [ 59]
^ Angus Winchester, 2000,Discovering Parish Boundaries . Shire Publications. Princes Risborough, 96 pagesISBN 978-0-7478-0470-3 ^ RAC Foundation :What Went Wrong? British Highway Development Before Motorways [permanent dead link ^ The Victorian Web :The Poor Law : Introduction Retrieved 2009-08-22^ Staffordshire University :Poor Law Unions and Registration Districts Archived 2012-09-14 atarchive.today Retrieved 2009-08-22^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Status Details for Rural Sanitary District Retrieved 2009-08-22^ Robert Tittler,The Reformation and the Towns in England , 1998, Oxford University Press, 395 pages,ISBN 978-0-19-820718-4 ^a b Modern British Surnames :Selected Events in the History of Civil Registration and Boundary Changes 1801-1996 Archived August 1, 2010, at theWayback Machine Retrieved 2009-08-22^ Alex MacMorran and T R Colquhoun Dill,The Local Government Act 1894 and the Subsequent Statutes Affecting Parish Councils , 1907, Butterworth and Co, London, 626 pages ^a b c d Office of Public Sector Information :Local Government Act 1972 Archived 2012-12-05 atarchive.today Retrieved 2009-08-22^ Office of Public Sector Information :Local Government and Rating Act 1997 Archived 2012-08-05 atarchive.today Retrieved 2009-08-22^ Office of Public Sector Information :Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 Archived 2012-08-05 atarchive.today Retrieved 2009-08-22^a b A Vision of Britain Through Time :Chester le Street Rural District Archived October 1, 2007, at theWayback Machine Retrieved 2009-09-14^a b Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Gateshead Archived 2011-06-13 at theWayback Machine Retrieved 2009-09-14^ "Birtley Town Council :Annual Return 2005/06 " . Archived fromthe original on 13 December 2006. Retrieved25 January 2009 .^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Blaydon Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-14^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine Blaydon; Chopwell and Rowlands Gill; Crawcrook and Greenside (part); and Winlaton wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Felling Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-24^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine Felling; Leam; Pelaw and Heworth; and Wrekendyke wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Gateshead County Borough Retrieved 2009-09-14^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine Bede; Bensham; Chowdene; Deckham; High Fell; Lamesley (part); Low Fell; Saltwell; and Teams (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Ryton Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-14^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine Crawcrook and Greenside (part); and Ryton wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Whickham Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-14^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine Dunston; Teams (part); Whickham North; and Whickham South wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26^a b A Vision of Britain Through Time :Newcastle upon Tyne County Borough Retrieved 2009-09-14^a b c d e f Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Newcastle upon Tyne Archived 2011-06-13 at theWayback Machine Retrieved 2009-09-14^a b c d e A Vision of Britain Through Time :Castle Ward Rural District Retrieved 2009-09-14^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Gosforth Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-14^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine Grange; and South Gosforth wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Newburn Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-14^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine Denton; Lemington; Newburn; and Westerhope wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine Benwell; Blakelaw (part); Byker; Castle (part); Dene; Elswick; Fawdon; Fenham; Heaton; Jesmond; Kenton; Monkchester; Moorside; Sandyford; Scotswood; West City; Walker; Walkergate; and Wingrove wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Seaton Valley Urban District Archived 2007-10-01 at theWayback Machine Retrieved 2009-09-15^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine Valley ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Longbenton Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-15^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine Benton; Camperdown; Holystone; Longbenton; and Weetslade wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Tynemouth County Borough Retrieved 2009-09-15^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine Chirton; Collingwood; Cullercoats; North Shields; Riverside (part); Seatonville (part); and Tynemouth wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Wallsend Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-09-15^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine Battle Hill; Howdon; Northumberland; Riverside (part); and Wallsend wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Whitley Bay Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-09-15^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine Monkseaton; Seatonville (part); St Mary's; and Whitley Bay wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Boldon Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-15^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine Biddick Hall; Boldon Colliery; Cleadon and East Boldon; Fellgate and Hedworth; Whitburn and Marsden (part); and Whiteleas wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Hebburn Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-15^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine Hebburn Quay; Hebburn South; Monkton (part); and Primrose (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Jarrow Municipal Borough Archived 2011-04-29 at theWayback Machine Retrieved 2009-09-15^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine Bede; Monkton (part); and Primrose (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :South Shields County Borough Retrieved 2009-09-15^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine All Saints; Beacon and Bents; Cleadon Park; Harton; Horsley Hill; Rekendyke; Tyne Dock and Simonside; West Park; Westoe; and Whitburn and Marsden (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26^a b A Vision of Britain Through Time :Easington Rural District Retrieved 2009-09-16^a b c Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Sunderland Archived 2011-06-13 at theWayback Machine Retrieved 2009-09-16^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Hetton Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-16^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Houghton le Spring Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-15^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine Eppleton (part); Houghton; and Shiney Row wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Sunderland County Borough Retrieved 2009-09-15^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine Castletown; Central; Colliery; Fulwell; Grindon; Hendon; Pallion; Ryhope (part); Silksworth; South Hylton; Southwick; St Chad's; St Michael's; St Peter's; Thorney Close; Thornholme; and Town End Farm wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26^ A Vision of Britain Through Time :Washington Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-15^ Office for National Statistics :Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at theWayback Machine Washington East; Washington North; Washington South; and Washington West wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
Metropolitan districts Major settlements Topics
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