| Civil Nuclear Constabulary | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | CNC |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | 1 April 2005; 20 years ago (2005-04-01) |
| Preceding agency | |
| Annual budget | circa £100m[1] |
| Jurisdictional structure | |
| National agency (Operations jurisdiction) | United Kingdom |
| Operations jurisdiction | United Kingdom |
 | |
| Map of CNC Divisions | |
| Legal jurisdiction | Typically within 5km of UK nuclear sites |
| General nature | |
| Operational structure | |
| Headquarters | Culham Science Centre Abingdon OX14 3DB[2] |
| Sworn members | over 1,500[3] |
| Agency executives |
|
| Divisions | 2 |
| Facilities | |
| Stations | 14 |
| Website | |
www | |
TheCivil Nuclear Constabulary (CNC) (Welsh:Heddlu Sifil Niwclear) is aspecial police force responsible for providinglaw enforcement and security at any relevant nuclear site and for security of nuclear materials in transit within the United Kingdom.[4] The force has over 1,500 police officers and support staff.[5] Officers within the force areauthorised firearms officers due to the nature of the industry the force protects.[6]
The CNC was established on 1 April 2005,[7] replacing the formerAtomic Energy Authority Constabulary established in 1955, and is overseen by theCivil Nuclear Police Authority. The CNC does not guard theUnited Kingdom's nuclear weapons; this role is the responsibility of theBritish Armed Forces and theMinistry of Defence Police.
The core role of the CNC is to provide armed policing and security for civil nuclear establishments and materials throughout the United Kingdom and to maintain a state of readiness against any possible attack on a licensed nuclear site.[8][9] The CNC is established in Chapter 3, sections 51–71, of theEnergy Act 2004.[10] The act sets up the Civil Nuclear Police Authority and the position of chief constable, defines the powers of members of the constabulary, mandates thatHis Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary must inspect the force and amends several other acts. It falls under the remit of theDepartment for Energy Security and Net Zero instead of theHome Office.
The CNC's Annual Report for 2010–2011 (page 15) states that "...the crime dealt with by officers at civil nuclear sites remains low in volume. The management and investigation of crime does not form any part of the Constabulary's mission statement."[11] Whilst the CNC is a police force, this acknowledgement would suggest the role of a CNC police officer is to provide armed security, rather than primarily being concerned with law enforcement. This role is also evidenced in the number of arrests made by the force annually compared with aterritorial police force of a similar number of police officers. In 2016, CNC officers made 24 arrests.[12] This compares toDorset Police, a force with a similar number of officers who made 7,460 arrests annually in the latest annual figures.[13]
During the year 2010–2011, the CNC made 12 arrests,[14] although two of those people were de-arrested at the scene (one when it was realised that the person was not wanted on warrant after all and another where it was decided that police action was not appropriate in relation to an alleged assault).
From 1 October 2012 to 31 March 2019, thechief constable of the CNC was retired BrigadierMichael Griffiths.[15]Deputy Chief Constable Simon Chesterman, formerly ofThames Valley Police, who is also the National Police Chiefs' Council lead for firearms policing, took over as chief constable.
Unlike the majority of theBritish policeterritorial forces, all frontline CNC officers are routinelyarmed while carrying out duties. CNC officers also operate the armament on board the ships of thePacific Nuclear Transport Limited,[16] a subsidiary ofInternational Nuclear Services, which specialises in transportingspent nuclear fuel andreprocessed uranium on behalf of its ultimate parent, theNuclear Decommissioning Authority.[17] Such ships have an onboard escort of armed police.[18][19]
The CNC is authorised to carry out covert intelligence operations against anti-nuclear protesters. In July 2009,Judge Christopher Rose said the CNC's "approach to covert activity is conspicuously professional". He found that the system for storing the intelligence gained from informers was "working well" and that "senior officers regard covert surveillance as a long-term requirement".[20]
The below section 'Mutual aid' details when this jurisdiction can be extended in support of other forces.
The CNC operates at a total of fourteen sites in England and Scotland. Of these, two are classed as Operational Policing Units, while eight are Support Units and four Gas Plants which all have an overt armed police presence.
In 2007, the CNC adopted a structure similar to other police forces when it introduced threeBasic Command Units, each headed by asuperintendent, based around the geographical locations it polices. This has now changed to two units, each headed by a chief superintendent as follows:
Funding comes from the companies that run ten nuclear plants in the UK. Around a third is paid by theNuclear Decommissioning Authority, which ownsSellafield. Nearly a fifth of the funding is provided byBritish Energy, the privatised company owned byEDF. In June 2009, EDF's head of security complained that the force had overspent its budget "without timely and satisfactory explanations to us". The industry acknowledges it is in regular contact with the CNC and theUK security services.[20]
The CNC is one of the threespecial police forces of the United Kingdom, the others being theBritish Transport Police and theMinistry of Defence Police. Unlike these other two forces, the CNC was not included in the provisions setting out 'extended jurisdiction' as per theAnti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001.[21] This allows officers of the MDP and BTP to act outside their natural jurisdiction in certain circumstances.
The CNC is also not included in mutual aid provisions provided by thePolice Act 1996 sections 24[22] and 98[23] (mutual aid between police forces of England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and BTP) orMinistry of Defence Police Act 1987 section 3a[24] (mutual aid from MDP). However section 59[25] of the Energy Act 2004 allows CNC officers to act outside their natural jurisdiction in mutual aid situations under agreements between the chief officer of the CNC and the chief officer of a local police force.
In 2005, officers of the CNC were part of the police operation involving nearly all police forces of the United Kingdom in connection with the G8 conference nearGleneagles, Scotland.[26]
Officers were seconded toCumbria Constabulary as support during the floods of 2009.[citation needed]
On 2 June 2010, 27 CNC officers were deployed to assist Cumbria Constabulary in the manhunt for the gunman Derrick Bird. Along hisroute across West Cumbria, Bird killed 12 people and injured 25.[27]
Officers were also deployed to the2012 London Olympics and 28 officers to a 2014 NATO conference in Wales.[28]
For a period of three months during 2015, 10 CNC officers were seconded to the British Transport Police's Counter Terrorism Support Unit in London. This detachment helped to cover the shortfall in firearms officer numbers in London in the wake of recent terror attacks in major European cities.[28]
On 27 March 2016,The Daily Telegraph, after the Brussels terrorist attacks, stated: "The Home Secretary has announced there will be a "surge" of more than 1,000 new armed police officers deployed across the country in the wake of the terrorist attacks in Brussels. Ms May has also changed the law to enable the 1,000 armed police officers guarding Britain's nuclear power stations to be redistributed in the event of multiple terror attacks."[29]
A press release from the CNC and Home Office details the changes made to enable a greater mutual aid role (dated 7 March 2016). It cites the CNC's Deputy Chief Constable Simon Chesterman: "The signing of this collaboration agreement allows chief constables to formally request and receive CNC AFOs to work under his or her jurisdiction for the time period they require. Currently, CNC officers only have policing powers in a five-kilometre radius of a nuclear site, as laid out in the Energy Act 2004, and this agreement removes that restriction should officers be needed to provide support at any force across the country if circumstances require it."[30]
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