City of Cape Town Stad Kaapstad (Afrikaans) Isixeko saseKapa (Xhosa)
Metropolitan municipality
City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality
Flag Logo
Location in the Western Cape
Interactive map of City of Cape Town
Coordinates:34°0′S18°30′E / 34.000°S 18.500°E /-34.000; 18.500
Country	South Africa
Province	Western Cape
Seat	Cape Town
Wards	115
Government [1]
• Type	Municipal council
• Mayor	Geordin Hill-Lewis (DA)
• Deputy Mayor	Eddie Andrews (DA)
Area
• Total	2,445 km2 (944 sq mi)
Population  (2011)[2]
• Total	3,740,026
• Density	1,530/km2 (3,962/sq mi)
Racial makeup(2011) [2]
• Black African	38.6%
• Coloured	42.4%
• Indian/Asian	1.4%
• White	15.7%
• Other	1.9%
First languages(2011) [2]
• Afrikaans	34.9%
• Xhosa	29.2%
• English	27.8%
• Other languages	8.1%
Time zone	UTC+2 (SAST)
Municipal code	CPT
HDI	0.781[3] –high

TheCity of Cape Town (Afrikaans:Stad Kaapstad;Xhosa:Isixeko saseKapa) is ametropolitan municipality that forms thelocal government ofCape Town and surrounding areas. As of 2022 it has a population of 4,772,846.

Cape Town first received local self-government in 1839, with the promulgation of a municipal ordinance by the government of theCape Colony.^[4] When it was created, the Cape Town municipality governed only the central part of the city known as theCity Bowl, and as the city expanded, new suburbs became new municipalities, until by 1902 there were 10 separate municipalities in theCape Peninsula.^[5] During the 20th century, many of the inner suburban municipalities became unsustainable; in 1913 the first major unification took place when the municipalities of Cape Town,Green Point andSea Point,Woodstock,Mowbray,Rondebosch,Claremont,Maitland, andKalk Bay were unified to create the first City of Cape Town. In 1927 the municipality ofWynberg was also merged with Cape Town, with the result that all of theSouthern Suburbs were incorporated into the City.

Many new municipalities were established during the 20th century.Durbanville achieved municipal status in 1901,Goodwood in 1938,Parow in 1939,Bellville andFish Hoek in 1940,Pinelands in 1948,Kuils River in 1950,Milnerton in 1955,Kraaifontein in 1957,Gordon's Bay in 1961, andBrackenfell in 1970.^[6] In 1979 Bellville was upgraded to city status. The areas not included in a municipality were governed by divisional councils. Most of the Cape metropolitan area fell under the Divisional Council of the Cape, while the eastern parts around Brackenfell, Kuils River and the Helderberg area formed part of the Divisional Council of Stellenbosch, and an area in the northeast around Kraaifontein formed part of the Divisional Council of Paarl.

In earlier years the right to vote in local elections was not restricted by race (seeCape Qualified Franchise), but the policies of theapartheid government aimed for complete segregation of local government. A 1962 amendment to theGroup Areas Act introduced management committees for the areas designated forcoloured andIndian residents. These management committees were subordinate to the existing local authority—either a municipality or the divisional council. From 1972 no new non-white voters could be registered as voters for municipal or divisional councils, and existing non-white voters lost their voting rights when a management committee was established for the area where they lived.

In 1982 theBlack Local Authorities Act created elected town councils forblack communities. Five such councils were established in the Cape metropolitan areas. They were generally regarded as under-resourced and unsustainable, and were opposed by theUnited Democratic Front and other civic organisations. Turnout in BLA elections was very low.

In 1987 the divisional councils of the Cape, Paarl and Stellenbosch were dissolved and the Western Cape Regional Services Council (RSC) was created in their place. The RSC councils were indirectly elected, consisting of representatives nominated by all the local authorities within its area, including municipalities, management committees and town councils. The Cape Rural Council represented the rural areas of the RSC that were not included in any local authority. Also in 1987, an act of theHouse of Assembly allowed the creation of local councils for white communities inperi-urban areas.

Thus at the end ofapartheid in 1994, there were over 50 different local authorities in existence in the metropolitan area, listed below.^[7]

As part of the post-1994 reforms, municipal government experienced a complete overhaul. The existing local authorities, political parties, ratepayers' organisations, and community organisations were brought together into a negotiating forum. This forum agreed on the creation of a two-level local government system consisting of multiple transitional metropolitan substructures (TMSs), brought together in a transitional metropolitan council named the Cape Metropolitan Council (CMC). The CMC would replace the Regional Services Council and take over its responsibilities; it would also be responsible for metro-level planning and co-ordination, improving service delivery in disadvantaged areas, and cross-subsidization of poorer areas with revenue from affluent areas. Initially, in a period called the "pre-interim phase", the existing local authorities would become TMSs but their councils would be replaced by councillors nominated by the members of the negotiating forum. This agreement came into effect, and the pre-interim phase began, on 1 February 1995.

The second phase of the transformation, known as the "interim phase" began on29 May 1996 when local elections were held. The pre-interim TMSs were dissolved, and six new TMSs were established covering the whole metropolitan area: City of Cape Town (Central), City of Tygerberg, South Peninsula Municipality, Blaauwberg Municipality, Oostenberg Municipality, and Helderberg Municipality. The Cape Metropolitan Council continued with its coordinating functions.

In 1998 Parliament enacted legislation (the Municipal Structures Act) determining the final form of local government in post-apartheid South Africa. This legislation determined that metropolitan areas would be governed by unifiedmetropolitan municipalities.Local elections were held on 5 December 2000; the Cape Metropolitan Council and the six interim TMSs were dissolved and replaced by the unified City of Cape Town. It is for this reason that the City of Cape Town is sometimes referred to as the "Unicity".^[8] At the time of the 2000 election the northern boundary of the metropolitan area was also extended to includePhiladelphia,Klipheuwel, and the surrounding farmland.

The current municipality coversCape Point in the south-west,Gordon's Bay in the south-east, andAtlantis in the north, and includesRobben Island. The remotePrince Edward Islands are deemed to be part of the City of Cape Town, specifically of ward 115.

Cape Town is governed by a 231-member city council elected in a system ofmixed-member proportional representation. The city is divided into 116wards, each of which elects a councillor byfirst-past-the-post voting. The remaining 115 councillors are elected fromparty lists so that the total number of councillors for each party is proportional to the number of votes received by that party.

The makeup of the council after the2021 election is shown in the following table.^[9][10]

Thespeaker of the council is Felicity Purchase of the Democratic Alliance.^[11]

The council is divided into 24subcouncils which deal with local functions for between three and six wards. A subcouncil consists of the ward councillors and a similar number of proportionally-elected councillors assigned to the subcouncil.^[12] A subcouncil is chaired by one of the councillors and appoints a manager to run its day-to-day business. A subcouncil does not have any inherent responsibilities in law, but it is entitled to make recommendations to theCity Council about anything that affects its area. The City Council may also delegate responsibilities to the subcouncils.^[13]

The executive authority for the city is vested in an Executive Mayor who is elected by the council. The mayor appoints amayoral committee whose members oversee various portfolios. A City Manager is appointed as the non-political head of the city's administration.

With theDemocratic Alliance (DA) having won an absolute majority of council seats in theelection of 1 November 2021, its mayoral candidateGeordin Hill-Lewis, who had been a Member of Parliament since 2011, was elected.^[14]

The Mayoral Committee consists of 10 members who are appointed by the Executive Mayor. Each member manages a different area of the local government.

The current city manager is Lungelo Mbandazayo. He had been the acting city manager since the former city manager Achmat Ebrahim, who was appointed in April 2006, resigned in January 2018 amid misconduct allegations. He was formally appointed city manager in April 2018.^[15]

The local municipality was one of the four to have passed the 2009-10 audit by theAuditor-General of South Africa, who deemed it to have a clean administration.^[16]

The City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality in its present form took shape after the 2000 municipal elections. The old Central Cape Town MLC council had been governed by theNew National Party (NNP), but they were losing support to theAfrican National Congress (ANC) and theDemocratic Party (DP). Fearing further losses, the NNP agreed to contest the upcoming local election in December 2000 together with the DP by forming theDemocratic Alliance (DA), with DP and NNP members running as DA candidates. The DA won Cape Town with an outright majority, andPeter Marais, also a senior member of the provincial NNP, became mayor of the unicity. However, DA leaderTony Leon's attempt to remove Marais from his position in 2001 caused the disintegration of the alliance, and NNP came to ally with the ANC. Marais was replaced as mayor byGerald Morkel, but Morkel was himself soon ousted during the October 2002 local floor crossing period after a large number of DA councillors had defected to the NNP.Nomaindia Mfeketo of the ANC became mayor supported by an ANC-NNP coalition. In 2004, after a dismal showing in the general elections that year, the NNP prepared for dissolution and merger with the ANC, and most of its councillors joined the governing party. This gave the ANC an outright majority on the council, which lasted until the next election.

In the2006 local government election, the DA was the largest single party, ahead of the ANC, but with no party holding a majority. The newIndependent Democrats (ID) led byPatricia de Lille was in third place.^[17] TheAfrican Christian Democratic Party (ACDP) initiated negotiations with five other smaller parties who together formed a kingmaker block of fifteen councillors, collectively known as the Multi-Party Forum parties. Despite the ID voting with the ANC, Helen Zille of the DA was elected executive mayor on 15 March 2006 by a very narrow margin with the support of the Multi-Party Forum.Andrew Arnolds of the ACDP was elected executive deputy mayor andJacob "Dirk" Smit of theFreedom Front Plus (FF+) was elected speaker. The initially fragile position of this new DA-led coalition, also known as the Multi-Party Government, was improved in January 2007 with the introduction of the ID following the expulsion of the smallAfrica Muslim Party for conspiring with the ANC. As a result of the ID's support, the coalition significantly increased its majority, resulting in a much more stable city government. The ID's Charlotte Williams became executive deputy mayor. However, she resigned just a few months later, and the post then went toGrant Haskin of the ACDP in late 2007.^[18] The DA would also bolster its position through by-election victories and floor crossing defections. With the ID and DA together holding a firm council majority, several of the smaller coalition partners were dropped from the city government by the time of the 2009 general elections, including the ACDP and FF+. The DA'sIan Neilson became deputy mayor, while Dirk Smit, who had defected to the DA, retained the position of speaker. Helen Zille left the mayorship the same year to take up the position of premier of the Western Cape, andDan Plato became mayor.

In 2010, the DA and ID formalized an agreement in which the ID would merge into the DA by 2014. This was prompted in part by the ID's disappointing result in the 2009 general election. As per the agreement, ID ceased to exist at the local level after the 2011 municipal elections with ID members running as DA candidates. DA won a large outright majority in the election, and ID leader Patricia de Lille, who had defeated Plato in an earlier internal election, became the new mayor. The party extended its lead even further to win a two-thirds majority of the seats on the City of Cape Town council in the 2016 municipal elections, and De Lille was thus sworn in to serve a second term. It was however cut short following her resignation on 31 October 2018 after an extended battle with her party over accusations of covering up corruption, accusations she strongly denied. The previous mayor Dan Plato was chosen as her successor.

The DA'sGeordin Hill-Lewis was voted in as mayor after the 2021 local government elections.^[14]The following table shows the results of the 2021 election.^[19][9][20]

The followingby-elections were held to fill vacant ward seats in the period since the election in November 2021.^[21]

Group	2001 Census	%	2011 Census	%	Change	% Change	2022 Census[23]	%	Change	% Change
Coloured	1,391,859	48.1%	1,585,286	42.4%	193,427	5.7%	1,670,971	35.1%	85,685	7.3%
Black African	916,459	31.7%	1,444,939	38.6%	528,480	6.9%	2,176,332	45.7%	731,393	7.1%
White	542,435	18.8%	585,831	15.7%	43,396	3.1%	774,035	16.2%	188,204	0.5%
Indian or Asian	41,490	1.4%	51,786	1.4%	10,296	0.0%	75,406	1.6%	23,620	0.2%
Other	n/a	–	72,184	1.9%	n/a	n/a	69,237	1.5%	-2,947	0.4%
Total population	2,892,243	100%	3,740,026	100%	847,783	-	4,772,846	100%	1,032,820	-

The municipality has a total area of 2455 km².^[24]

Subdivision varies according to purpose. Main places for census purposes may differ from planning districts.^[25][26]

The2001 census divided the municipality into the followingmain places:^[27]

The planning districts are:^[25]

• Blaauwberg, which includes subdistricts: Atlantis, Blouberg, Mamre, Melkboschstrand, Table View, and parts of Cape Farms, Goodwood, Milnerton, and Maitland.
• Cape Flats, which includes subdistricts: Athlone, False Bay Coastal Park, Grassy Park, Guguletu, Hanover Park, Manenberg, Ottery, Pelican Park, and parts of Muizenberg, Retreat, and Rondebosch.
• Helderberg, which includes subdistricts: Gordon's Bay, Macassar, Sir Lowry's Pass, Somerset West, Stellenbosch Farms and Strand.
• Khayelitsha/Mitchells Plain, which includes subdistricts: Blackheath, Blue Downs, Eerste River, Khayelitsha, Mitchell's Plain, and part of Guguletu
• Northern, which includes subdistricts: Brackenfell, Durbanville, Eversdal, Joostenbergvlakte, Kenridge, Kraaifontein, Malmesbury Farms, Vredekloof, and Welgemoed.
• Southern, which includes subdistricts: Bergvliet, Cape Point, Constantia, Fish Hoek, Hout Bay, Kalk Bay, Kommetjie, Newlands, Noordhoek, Ocean View, Plumstead, Simon's Town, Tokai, Wynberg, parts of Muizenberg, Retreat, Rondebosch, and Table Mountain.
• Table Bay, which includes subdistricts: Camps Bay, Cape Town, Observatory, Pinelands, Robben Island, Sea Point, Signal Hill/Lion's Head, and parts of Epping, Goodwood, Langa, Maitland, and Table Mountain,
• Tygerberg, which includes subdistricts: Airport, Bellville, Bishop Lavis, Delft, Elsies River, Kalsteenfontein, Kuils River, Parow, Plattekloof, and parts of Epping, Goodwood, and Milnerton.

• Swartland Local Municipality,West Coast District Municipality (north)
• Drakenstein Local Municipality,Cape Winelands District Municipality (northeast)
• Stellenbosch Local Municipality, Cape Winelands District Municipality (northeast)
• Theewaterskloof Local Municipality,Overberg District Municipality (east)
• Overstrand Local Municipality, Overberg District Municipality (southeast)

The City of Cape Town is also bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the south and west.

Two senior city managers were accused of corruption relating to a R186m urban waste management tender. In October 2024, the city announced it was investigating the allegations.^[28]

• Biodiversity of Cape Town – Diversity of the natural environment of Cape Town
• Cape Town – Legislative capital of South Africa
• Metropolitan municipality (South Africa) – Second-level local government structure in South Africa
• List of Cape Town suburbs
• Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign – Movement in Cape Town, South Africa
• Cape Town water crisis – 2017–2018 water shortage in South Africa

• City of Cape Town official website
• City of Cape Town on the Western Cape Government website

• Government of Cape Town
• Metropolitan Municipalities of South Africa
• Municipalities of the Western Cape
• Districts of the Western Cape

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