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| Circle L engine | |
|---|---|
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | GM Powertrain Poland |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | Inline-4 |
| Displacement | 1.7 L; 102.9 cu in (1,686 cc) |
| Cylinder bore | 79 mm (3.11 in) |
| Piston stroke | 86 mm (3.39 in) |
| Cylinder head material | Aluminium alloy |
| Valvetrain | DOHC |
| Compression ratio | 16.5:1, 18.2:1, 18.4:1 |
| Combustion | |
| Turbocharger | Mitsubishi TD025variable-geometry |
| Fuel system | Common raildirect injection |
| Management | Denso orBosch |
| Fuel type | Diesel |
| Oil system | Wet sump |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled |
| Output | |
| Power output | 65–130 PS (48–96 kW) |
| Torque output | 130–300 N⋅m (96–221 lb⋅ft) |
| Emissions | |
| Emissions target standard | Euro 3, 4 & 5 |
| Emissions control systems | EGR |
| Chronology | |
| Successor | MDE engine |
TheCircle L is anautomobile engine produced byGM Powertrain Poland inPoland. It is a 1.7 L; 102.9 cu in (1,686 cc)inline-four16-valveturbochargeddiesel engine originally designed byIsuzu but now owned byGeneral Motors. The engine was produced inEurope byGeneral Motors for use in theOpel,Vauxhall andChevrolet vehicles and byHonda for use in theCiviccompact car.
In the late nineties the Japanese companyIsuzu, which was known for the efficiency of its diesel engines, collaborated withGeneral Motors on a new diesel engine for the European market forOpel andVauxhall. For this purpose it opened a new plant in the city ofTychy, in Poland, called Isuzu Motor Polska. Engine blocks were supplied from Japan.[1]
At the time the engine was developed, GM owned a 49% share of Isuzu, but later dissolved its stake and reacquired a 12% share for US$80 million in exchange for exclusive rights to the Circle L engine.[2]
For reasons of economy, GM and Isuzu chose not to make an engine from scratch, but rather evolved the new engine from an existing base. Thus, theIsuzu 4EE1 1.7-liter was chosen and developed into the "Circle L" family of engines, also known as the 4EE2.
The engine kept the same dimensions of 1.7 4EE1. The main differences are in the DOHCcamshafts anddirect injection.[1] The first engines mounted a simple direct injection and met theEuro 3 standard, while the later engines metEuro 4 and usedcommon rail injection technology. The 1.7 Circle L common rail engines were the first common rail engines used in Opels.
60 percent of the components for the production of the engines at Isuzu Motor Polska come from Germany, as well as thealuminium alloy for the manufacture of the cylinder head. The Polish plant was responsible for the construction and the development of the valvetrain. The block, however, comes to Tychy already built by the Isuzu factory in Hokkaido, Japan.
These engines are particularly important for Opel since they are fitted to their best-selling models in a period in which diesel engines became extremely popular. Moreover, thanks to their greatfuel economy and reduced emissions, Circle L engines were integrated into the family of Ecotec engines. Later Circle L engines became part of the Ecoflex family.
The 1.7-liter 4EE2 was offered in six variants, whose characteristics and applications are described below.
The abbreviation Y17DT identifies the very first Circle L engine: As already mentioned it is a Euro 3 engine with a compression ratio of 18.4:1. The unit hasDenso engine management, as in most Circle L engines. A Mitsubishi TD025 turbocharger is fitted, as is anexhaust gas recirculation system. The Y17DT reaches 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) at 4400 rpm, with a torque of 165 N⋅m (122 lb⋅ft) between 1800 and 3000 rpm. This engine was fitted in:
The engine Y17DTL is a reduced power variant of the Y17DT, to which it differs in the absence of an intercooler. Maximum power is reduced to 65 PS (48 kW; 64 hp) at 4400 rpm, and maximum torque to 130 N⋅m (96 lb⋅ft) between 2000 and 3000 rpm. This engine, also Euro 3, was fitted in:
The engine Z17DTL was one of the first common railturbo-diesel engines used as a "CDTi" badge by Opel. With a turbocharger and a compression ratio of 18.4:1, it can reach the maximum power of 80 PS (59 kW; 79 hp) at 4400 rpm, with a maximum torque of 170 N⋅m (125 lb⋅ft) at 1800 rpm. It was fitted in:
The engine Z17DT was one of the first common rail turbo diesel engines used as a "CDTi" badge by Opel. With avariable-geometry turbocharger and a compression ratio of 18.4:1, can reach the maximum power of 101 PS (74 kW; 100 hp) at 4400 rpm, with a maximum torque of 240 N⋅m (177 lb⋅ft) at 2300 rpm. It was fitted in:
This engine meets the Euro 4 directive.
This motor is similar to the one signed Z17DT it replaces, and features a number of minor improvements. The power is unchanged at 101 PS (74 kW; 100 hp) at 4400 rpm, but the torque increases to 260 N⋅m (192 lb⋅ft) at 2300 rpm. It was fitted in
With the exception of the Opel Astra 1.7 CDTI 16V, this car had aBoschengine management system, and the other four models are equipped with a Denso control unit. In more modern versions, introduced in 2010, this engine delivers 100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) of maximum power at 4000 rpm, while maximum torque is always 260 N⋅m (192 lb⋅ft), but delivered between 1,700 and 2,550 rpm. In this configuration, this engine has been fitted to:
These are more powerful variants (but not the most powerful) of the Circle L engines. They also meet the Euro 4 standard, but feature a slightly lower compression ratio of 18.2:1. As in all Euro 4 engine an exhaust gas recirculation system is present. The maximum power reaches 125 PS (92 kW; 123 hp) at 4000 rpm, with a peak torque of 280 N⋅m (207 lb⋅ft) between 2000 and 2700 rpm.
This engine was fitted in:
The abbreviation A17DTR identifies theEuro 5 variant, which has otherwise identical features and is fitted in:
In 2010 the engine A17DTR was developed into the A17DTS: here the engine power has been increased to 130 PS (96 kW; 128 hp) at 4000 rpm, while the maximum torque is increased to 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) between 2000 and 2500 rpm. This variant has been fitted in:
This engine was the basis for the 1.7 Ecoflex: Maximum power reaches 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp) at 3800 rpm, with a maximum torque of 260 N⋅m (192 lb⋅ft) at 2000 rpm.
It is fitted in:
This is the second diesel engine in the Opel engine range to be included in the EcoFlex range (the first was a 1.3 Multijet engine from Fiat). Introduced in 2008, is based on the Z17DTJ engine developed simultaneously, and is characterized by a reduction of friction of the moving parts in order to optimize thethermal efficiency and meet the stricter Euro 5 standard. Outputs are identical to those of the Z17DTJ. It is fitted in:
The Honda version features theiri-CTDi high-pressurecommon rail direct injection technology, while the Opel4EE2 unit uses low-pressure DI. Honda's purchase of the Circle-L engines was reciprocated by GM's purchase of theJ35A3V6.
Applications:
The 4EE2 produces 74 hp (55.2 kW) at 4400 rpm and 165 N⋅m (122 lb⋅ft) at 1800 rpm.
Applications:
