Cieszanów | |
|---|---|
.jpg) St. Adalbert's Church | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Cieszanów | |
| Coordinates:50°16′N23°8′E / 50.267°N 23.133°E /50.267; 23.133 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship |  Subcarpathian |
| County |  Lubaczów |
| Gmina | Cieszanów |
| Town rights | 1590 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Zdzisław Zadworny |
| Area | |
• Total | 15.09 km2 (5.83 sq mi) |
| Population (31 December 2021[1]) | |
• Total | 1,906 |
| • Density | 126.3/km2 (327.1/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 37-611 |
| Area code | +48 16 |
| Car plates | RLU |
| Website | http://www.cieszanow.org |
Cieszanów (pronounced[t͡ɕɛˈʂanuf]ⓘ;Ukrainian:Тішанів or Цішанів or Чесанів,Tishanivor Tsishanivor Chesaniv;Yiddish:ציעשאנאָווTsyeshanov) is a town inLubaczów County,Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland.[2] As of December 2021, it has a population of 1,906.[1]
Cieszanów is located on the boundary of southernRoztocze, in the valley of the Brusienka river.
In theMiddle Ages, sandy shores of the Brusienka river attracted SlavicLechitic settlers, who probably in the 10th century established agord here.
The history of a town named Cieszanów is rather short and dates back to the late 15th century, as it was first mentioned in documents in 1496. At that time, it was part ofLubaczów County,Bełz Voivodeship,Lesser Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1580, the city ofZamość was founded, which attracted an influx of settlers. Furthermore, a merchant road toJarosław was established nearby, so a nobleman Stanisław Cieszanowski (Jelita coat of arms), who was owner of the village, applied for town charter. On May 14, 1590 inWarsaw, KingSigismund III of Poland grantedMagdeburg rights to the new town, which was named Cieszanów, after the Cieszanowski family.
Following the death of Stanisław Cieszanowski, the town belonged to several families. In 1648, its castle was attacked by Cossacks, during theKhmelnytsky uprising. In 1656, the town was burned by Swedes (seeSwedish invasion of Poland), and in 1672 byCrimean Tatars. In 1681, KingJohn III Sobieski, who had fought the Tatars in this area in thePolish–Ottoman War (1672–76), confirmed Cieszanów's town charter.
From theFirst Partition of Poland in 1772 until 1918, the town was part of theAustrian monarchy (Austria side after thecompromise of 1867), head of the district with the same name, one of the 78Bezirkshauptmannschaften inAustrian Galicia province (Crown land).[3]
A brickyard was opened here, and in 1800, a brick church was built. The town remained private property of the Rojowski family, whose coat of arms is now used as the coat of arms of Cieszanów. In 1857, the population consisted of 859 Roman Catholics, 250 Greek Catholics and 1057 Jews. Since poverty was rampant, a number of residents decided to leave Galicia and settle in Northern America. In 1867 Cieszanów was named seat of a newly created county, which included six towns (Lubaczów, Cieszanów,Lipsko,Narol,Oleszyce andPłazów. County court, post and tax offices, and offices of the local governments were moved here from other towns.
Due to proximity of the border withRussian-controlledCongress Poland, Cieszanów and its vicinity was used for smuggling of weapons, ammunition and volunteers during theJanuary Uprising (1863–1864). In May 1863, a large military hospital for Polish rebels was established here, and Austrian government, uneasy about the situation, sent to Cieszanów a squadron of Hungarian mounted troops, which guarded the borderline.
In 1883, the monument of KingJohn III Sobieski was unveiled, in 1871, a post of the Polish Pedagogical Society was established, followed by Volunteer Firefighters, Charity Society, Gymnastic Society Sokol, Polish Boyscouts, and other organizations. The development of Cieszanow was stopped byWorld War I. On November 11, 1914, the town was captured by the Russians, who remained here until June 18, 1915. During heavy fighting, the town was burned, and county government was temporarily moved to Lubaczów (until 1919).
On November 1, 1918, Ukrainian military units seized control over Cieszanów, but they were expelled by Polish soldiers on December 6, 1918. In theSecond Polish Republic, Cieszanów belonged toLwów Voivodeship, losing in 1923 its status as the seat of a county. Cieszanów was rebuilt, becoming local center of trade and commerce. In 1921, its population was 2282. In 1921 there were 929 Jews in Cieszanów.[4]
.jpg)
On September 7, 1939, Cieszanów was bombed by theLuftwaffe, and five days later, firstWehrmacht units entered the town, arresting members of local government. The Germans soon retreated (seeMolotov–Ribbentrop Pact), replaced by theRed Army, but in early October 1939, Cieszanów became part ofGeneral Government’Zamość County. The town had a garrison of German border guard (Grenzschutz). The German occupying administration operated aforced labour camp for Jews in the town from June 1940 to October 1942.[5] In 1942, almost all of the Jewish population of Cieszanów were murdered, mostly inBelzec.
On May 4, 1944, Cieszanów was destroyed by theUPA unit commanded byIwan Szpontak [uk;pl] and aided by local militia. During the attack several inhabitants were killed and the rest evacuated by theHome Army.[6] On July 21, first Soviet troops entered the empty town. Residents returned, a post office was established (September 15, 1944), and on September 18, classes at the local elementary school started.
In 1957, Cieszanów had a population of 1352, but two years later, its population shrank to 1267. Until 1975, the town belonged toRzeszów Voivodeship, and from 1975 until 1999, it was part ofPrzemyśl Voivodeship.
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