Chyhyryn Чигирин | |
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 View of Chyhyryn | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Chyhyryn Location of Chyhyryn Show map of Cherkasy Oblast Chyhyryn Chyhyryn (Ukraine) Show map of Ukraine | |
| Coordinates:49°04′38″N32°38′57″E / 49.07722°N 32.64917°E /49.07722; 32.64917 | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Cherkasy Oblast |
| Raion | Cherkasy Raion |
| Hromada | Chyhyryn urban hromada |
| City rights | 1592 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Serhiy Oleksiiovych Tymchenko |
| Area | |
• Total | 14 km2 (5 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 124 m (407 ft) |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 8,539 |
| • Density | 854/km2 (2,210/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 20900-20906 |
| Area code | +380 4730 |
Chyhyryn (Ukrainian:Чигирин,IPA:[tʃɪɦɪˈrɪn]ⓘ;Polish:Czehryń,IPA:[ˈt͡ʂɛ.xrɨɲ]) is a city inCherkasy Raion,Cherkasy Oblast, centralUkraine. It is located onTiasmyn river not far where it entersDnieper.
From 1648 to 1669, the city served as the residence of thehetman of the Zaporizhian Host. After a forced relocation of the Ruthenian Orthodox metropolitan see from Kyiv in 1658, it became a full-fledged capital of theCossack Hetmanate. Among Metropolitans who served out of Chyhyryn were family of Tukalsky:Dionysius Balaban-Tukalskyi andJoseph Tukalskyi-Nelyubovych. Chyhyryn also became a traditional place for the appointment to the office of the hetman of the Zaporizhian Host.
Since the 17th century, the significance of the settlement was diminished to a semi-rural populated place. It hosts the administration ofChyhyryn urban hromada, one of thehromadas of Ukraine.[1] Population:8,539 (2022 estimate).[2]
Chyhyryn (Ukrainian:Чигирин;Turkish:Çigirin orÇehrin;Russian:Чигирин;Polish:Czehryń). On older maps it is often shown in Polish/Turkish-like transcription Czehrin (seeCh (digraph)).
The area (1320–1569) had been part of theGrand Duchy of Lithuania. It was ceded to thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (in theKijów Voivodeship of theCrown of Poland) before theUnion of Lublin. It was grantedMagdeburg Rights in 1592 bySigismund III Vasa.
Chyhyryn is first mentioned as a fortifiedCossack winter station. In 1638,Bohdan Khmelnytsky became itsstarosta (regional leader), and in 1648 it became the newly electedHetman's residence and the capital of the Cossack state, theZaporozhian Host. During theRusso-Turkish War (1676–1681) it was the center of two bloody campaigns (1675–76 and 1677–78). In 1678 the castle of Chyhyryn was blown up by the retreating Russian garrison that was stationed there, while the Turkish forces sacked the rest of the city. After this, it gradually lost its significance. The city fell underOttoman occupation but was later recovered by theCossacks while the Ottomans were busy in theBattle of Vienna. It remained the center of theChyhyryn regiment until 1712. In 1790 the 8th Polish National Cavalry Brigade was stationed in Czehryń and in 1792 the 4th Polish Vanguard Regiment was stationed there.[3] It was annexed by theRussian Empire in theSecond Partition of Poland (1793), and became part of theKyiv region.
In 1917 a congress ofFree Cossacks took place in Chyhyryn. At that congress by traditionPavlo Skoropadsky was elected as the Hetman of the Cossacks (later in 1918 inKyiv, he was elected theHetman of Ukraine as well).
DuringWorld War II, Chyhyryn was occupied by theGerman Army fromAugust 7, 1941 toDecember 12, 1943.
In 1989 the population of the city was 12,853.[4]
Until 18 July 2020, Chyhyryn served as an administrative center ofChyhyryn Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Cherkasy Oblast to four. The area of Chyhyryn Raion was merged into Cherkasy Raion.[5][6]
The town hosts an unfinishedChyhyryn Nuclear Power Plant.
Distribution of the population by native language according to the2001 census:[7]
| Language | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Ukrainian | 93.14% |
| Russian | 5.37% |
| other/undecided | 1.49% |
The city is on the banks ofTiasmyn River and lies at an altitude of 124 metresabove mean sea level. Minor industries, such as food and furniture factories, are the basis of the town economy in the 21st century.
| Climate data for Chyhyryn (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.9 (30.4) | −0.1 (31.8) | 5.5 (41.9) | 14.4 (57.9) | 21.3 (70.3) | 24.3 (75.7) | 26.3 (79.3) | 25.9 (78.6) | 20.0 (68.0) | 13.0 (55.4) | 5.0 (41.0) | 0.4 (32.7) | 12.9 (55.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.5 (25.7) | −3.1 (26.4) | 1.7 (35.1) | 9.4 (48.9) | 15.9 (60.6) | 19.2 (66.6) | 21.2 (70.2) | 20.4 (68.7) | 14.9 (58.8) | 8.8 (47.8) | 2.3 (36.1) | −2.1 (28.2) | 8.8 (47.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.1 (21.0) | −5.9 (21.4) | −1.5 (29.3) | 4.8 (40.6) | 10.4 (50.7) | 14.3 (57.7) | 16.1 (61.0) | 15.0 (59.0) | 10.4 (50.7) | 5.4 (41.7) | −0.2 (31.6) | −4.4 (24.1) | 4.9 (40.8) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 34.4 (1.35) | 32.9 (1.30) | 35.5 (1.40) | 36.7 (1.44) | 49.7 (1.96) | 77.1 (3.04) | 65.2 (2.57) | 54.2 (2.13) | 55.9 (2.20) | 42.1 (1.66) | 39.4 (1.55) | 37.0 (1.46) | 560.1 (22.05) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.4 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 8.5 | 7.1 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 84.3 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 83.5 | 80.8 | 76.6 | 66.9 | 63.2 | 68.0 | 68.0 | 66.4 | 71.9 | 76.9 | 84.0 | 85.1 | 74.3 |
| Source:World Meteorological Organization[8] | |||||||||||||
The Trinity Monastery, built near Chyhyryn in 1627, was later destroyed by theSoviet authorities. Other historical landmarks, such as the town hall and Khmelnytsky's palace, did not survive either. After Ukraine regained independence, Hetman's residence was restored and became a museum.
Chyhyryn istwinned with:
| City | Country | Year of Signing |
|---|---|---|
| Sebastopol, California |  United States | 1993 |
Media related toChyhyryn at Wikimedia CommonsHistorical capitals inUkraine | |||||||||
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| Ukrainian SSR (since 1919), independentUkraine (since 1991), other contemporary states |
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