| Chusaurus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Two specimens ofChusaurus | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Superorder: | †Sauropterygia |
| Suborder: | †Pachypleurosauria |
| Family: | †Pachypleurosauridae |
| Genus: | †Chusaurus Liuet al.,2023 |
| Species: | †C. xiangensis |
| Binomial name | |
| †Chusaurus xiangensis Liuet al., 2023 | |
Chusaurus is an extinct genus ofpachypleurosaurid known from theEarly Triassic Nanzhang-Yuan’an Fauna in the South China block. The two known specimens ofChusaurus were found inHubei Province, China, dating back to theOlenekian age of the Early Triassic period. The genus contains a single species,Chusaurus xiangensis[1][2]
The fossils ofChusaurus were described in 2023 by a team of paleontologists from theChina University of Geosciences and theHubei Geological Museum. They were collected from theJialingjiang Formation, a sedimentary rock unit that preserves a rich diversity of marine reptiles from the Early Triassic.[3] The genus name,Chusaurus", honors Chu Zhonglin, a Chinese paleontologist who contributed to the study of Triassic marine reptiles. The species name, "xiangensis", refers to theXiang River, which flows through Hubei Province.[1]
Chusaurus is a small-sizedsauropterygian, with an estimated total length of about 60 cm. It has a slender body, a short neck, and four paddle-like limbs. The skull is poorly preserved, but it shows some features that distinguish it from other pachypleurosaurids, such as a large external naris, a reduced premaxilla, and a long maxilla. The teeth are conical and slightly curved, indicating a carnivorous diet.[1]
The most distinctive feature ofChusaurus is its short neck, which comprises only 17 cervical vertebrae. This is much less than other pachypleurosaurids, which have 24 to 28 cervical vertebrae, and less than the distantly related plesiosaurs, which have 28 to 76 cervical vertebrae. The cervical vertebrae ofChusaurus are also relatively short and wide, with well-developed neural spines and ribs. The dorsal vertebrae are similar to those of other pachypleurosaurids, but they have more pronounced transverse processes. The caudal vertebrae are not well preserved, but they seem to be elongated and slender.[1]
The limbs ofChusaurus are adapted for swimming, with long and narrow bones and digits. The humerus and femur are similar in shape and size, but the humerus has a larger head and a more prominent deltopectoral crest. The radius and ulna are shorter than the humerus, and the tibia and fibula are shorter than the femur. The manus and pes have five digits each, with the fifth digit being the longest. The phalanges are flattened and expanded distally, forming paddle-like structures.[1]
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