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Chungli Ao language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sino-Tibetan language of Nagaland, India

Chungli Ao
Native toIndia
RegionNagaland
EthnicityAo Naga
Native speakers
130,004 (2011 census)[1][2]
Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)
Glottologchon1286
ELPChungli

Chungli Ao is the prestige dialect ofAo and it is aSino-Tibetan language of northeast India. It is the most widely spoken of theAo languages which also compriseMongsen Ao and Changki. It is taught up to the tenth grade in schools of theMokokchung district. It is also spoken by theAo Nagas ofNagaland, a hill state in northeast India. Being the official language of religion, the dialect has a Bible translation and is used in church services as well as to make public announcements.[3] A local Chungli newspaper is also published online.[4] The number of speakers who reported Chungli Ao as their mother tongue are approximately 130,000 according to the 2011 census report of India. A phonological reconstruction of Proto-Central-Naga has been compiled by Daniel Bruhn[5]

History

[edit]

During the American Baptist Mission to Naga Hills,Dr E.W. Clark first came in contact with the Molungkimong village that paved the way for a common Ao language. Chungli Ao is spoken in Molungkimong and Molungyimsen and other villages throughout Ao territory by roughly 50% of the Ao-speaking population. The speech of Molungkimong is theprestige dialect due toBaptistmissionaries' influence. Most Ao can speak Chungli even if they are from Mongsen-speaking regions. Chungli is taught in schools. Various trans-Dikhu neighbouring dialects of Chungli Ao are spoken east of theDikhu River in Yacham, Tengsa, and Longla. These are poorly documented; Yacham and Tengsa may be separate languages (van Driem 2001).

Numbers

[edit]
Number system[6]
×NumeralCardinal numberOrdinal number
11katamaba
22anatanabuba
33asemasembuba
44pezü
55pungu
66terok
77tenet
88ti
99teku
1010ter
1111terka
1212ter ana
1313ter asem
1414ter pezü
1515ter pongu
1616ter terok
1717ter tenet
1818ter ti
1919ter teku
2020metsü

Phonology

[edit]

Chungli Ao is atonal language. There are three distinct tonal levels: low, mid and high. There is evidence to prove that low and mid as well as low and high are contrastive. Chungli also has two contour tones, which are high-low and low-mid, though they are quite rare.

Vowels

[edit]
Vowels[7]
FrontCentralBack
Highiɨu
Mideə
Lowa

Consonants

[edit]
Consonants[7]
BilabialDental/
Alveolar
Post-
alveolar
PalatalVelarGlottal
Nasalmnŋ
Plosivevoicelessptkʔ
aspirated
Affricatets
Fricativevoicelesssʃh
voicedz
Approximantlaterall
centralwɹj

Morphology

[edit]

1) Chungli Ao is anagglutinative language where the verbs lack person and number marking. For example:

PREFIX – STEM -LEXICAL SUFFIX – DERIV. SUFFIX – INFLEC. SUFFIX

me- NEG             -maʔ ‘completely’   -tsɨʔ BEN             -tsɨ IRRte- PROH            -et ‘persistently’  -tep RECIP            -əɹ PRES                      etc.                etc.                  etc.

This applies for both finite and non-finite forms of the verb.

2) The following table shows the case marking present in Chungli Ao.[3]

Case marking
×Agentive caseInstrumental caseAllative caseAblative caseLocative case
iiinuŋinuŋ

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011".www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved7 July 2018.
  2. ^Coupe, A. R. (1 January 2007).A Grammar of Mongsen Ao. Walter de Gruyter.ISBN 9783110198522.
  3. ^abCoupe, Alexander (1 October 2011)."On core case marking patterns in two Tibeto-Burman languages of Nagaland".Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area.34:21–47.
  4. ^"English | Tir Yimyim". Retrieved24 April 2020.
  5. ^[1]A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Central Naga
  6. ^"Numbers in Chungli Ao".www.omniglot.com. Retrieved24 April 2020.
  7. ^abBruhn, Daniel (2009)."The Tonal Classification of Chungli Ao Verbs".UC Berkeley PhonLab Annual Report.5 (5).
Sino-Tibetan branches
WesternHimalayas (Himachal,
Uttarakhand,Nepal,Sikkim)
Greater Magaric
Map of Sino-Tibetan languages
EasternHimalayas
(Tibet,Bhutan,Arunachal)
Myanmar and Indo-
Burmese border
"Naga"
Sal
East andSoutheast Asia
Burmo-Qiangic
Dubious (possible
isolates) (Arunachal)
Greater Siangic
Proposed groupings
Proto-languages
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
Kuki-Chin
Northwestern
Northeastern
Central
Maraic
Khomic
Southern
Naga
Ao (Central Naga)
Angami–Pochuri
Tangkhulic
Zemeic (Western Naga)
Meitei
Karbic
Arunachal
Pradesh
Sal
Tani
Other
Assam
Indo-Aryan
Sino-Tibetan
Kuki-Chin
Sal
Tani
Zeme
Other
Kra-Dai
Manipur
Kuki-Chin
Northern
Other
Zeme
Other
Meghalaya
Kuki-Chin
Khasic
Other
Mizoram
Nagaland
Sino-
Tibetan
Angami-
Pochuri
Ao
Sal
Zeme
Other
Other
Sikkim
Tripura
Indo-Aryan
Sino-Tibetan
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