 | |
 | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name 5,7-Dihydroxyflavone | |
| Systematic IUPAC name 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | |
| Other names NP-005901; Galangin flavanone | |
| Identifiers | |
| |
3D model (JSmol) | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider |
|
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.006.864 |
| KEGG |
|
| UNII | |
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C15H10O4 | |
| Molar mass | 254.241 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Chrysin, also called5,7-dihydroxyflavone,[1] is aflavone found inhoney,propolis, thepassion flowers,Passiflora caerulea andPassiflora incarnata, and inOroxylum indicum.[2] It isextracted from various plants, such as the blue passion flower (Passiflora caerulea).[1] Following oral intake by humans, chrysin has lowbioavailability and rapidexcretion.[1] It is underbasic research to evaluate its safety and potentialbiological effects.[1]
Chrysin is an ingredient indietary supplements.[3] As of 2016, there was no clinical use of chrysin,[1] and no evidence for its effect ontestosterone levels.[4] In 2016, the USFood and Drug Administration did not recommend chrysin be included on the list of bulk drug substances that can be used incompounding under section 503A of theFederal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.[5]
A component in variousmedicinal plants (e.g.Scutellaria baicalensis), chrysin is adihydroxyflavone, a type offlavonoid.[6] It is also found inhoney,propolis, thepassion flowers,Passiflora caerulea andPassiflora incarnata, inOroxylum indicum,[2] carrots,[1]chamomile,[7] many fruits, and inmushrooms, such as the mushroomPleurotus ostreatus.[6] It isextracted from various plants,[1] such as the blue passion flower (Passiflora caerulea).[1]
The amount of chrysin in honey from various plant sources is about 0.2 mg per 100 g.[8] Chrysin is typically found at higher amounts in propolis than in honey.[9] A 2010 study found the amount of chrysin was 0.10 mg/kg in honeydew honey, and 5.3 mg/kg in forest honeys.[10] A 2010 study found the amount of chrysin in propolis was as much as 28 g/L.[10] A 2013 study found the amount of chrysin in various mushrooms from the island of Lesvos, Greece, varied between 0.17 mg/kg inLactarius deliciosus to 0.34 mg/kg inSuillus bellinii.[10]
The effects of chrysin are reliant on itsbioavailability andsolubility.[10] Following oral intake by humans, chrysin has low bioavailability and rapidexcretion.[1] As a result, it is poorly absorbed.[1]
A 1998 study determined that the highest amounts inplasma was from 12 to 64 nM.[10] As of 2015, theserum levels of chrysin have not been cited in the literature.[10] Following oral intake by humans, the bioavailability was reported to be from 0.003% to 0.02%.[10]
There is insufficient information to determine how long chrysin has been used in pharmacycompounding.[11] Chrysin is used as an ingredient indietary supplements, but there is no information on systemic exposure fromtopical application.[3] As of 2016, there was no evidence to support any effect of oral chrysin ontestosterone levels,[4] or an any disease-modifying activity with oral or topical formulations.[12]
A daily consumed amount of chrysin of 0.5 to 3 g is considered safe.[6] As of 2016, there was no toxicity attributable to chrysin inclinical trials oradverse event reporting.[13] As of 2016, clinical safety issues have not been identified.[14] As of 2016, nonclinical data suggest potential concerns.[14] In 2016, the USFood and Drug Administration did not recommend chrysin be included on the list of bulk drug substances that can be used in compounding under section 503A of theFederal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act based on consideration of the following criteria: (1) physicochemical characterization; (2) safety; (3) effectiveness; and (4) historical use of the substance in compounding.[5]
As of 2016, there is no evidence for chrysin being used in human clinical applications.[1] Research showed that orally administered chrysin does not have clinical activity as anaromatase inhibitor.[1][15]Nanoformulations ofpolyphenols, including chrysin, are made using various carrier methods, such asliposomes andnanocapsules.[16]
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.Flavones and their conjugates | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aglycones |
| ||||||||||||
| Glycosides |
| ||||||||||||
| Acetylated | |||||||||||||
| Sulfated glycosides | Theograndin I andII | ||||||||||||
| Polymers | |||||||||||||
| Drugs | |||||||||||||
