Chormaqan Noyan | |
|---|---|
| ᠴᠷᠮᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢ | |
| Viceroy ofMongol Empire inNear East | |
| In office 1230–1241 | |
| Appointed by | Ögedei |
| Succeeded by | Baiju Noyan |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 1241 (1242) |
| Spouse | Altani |
Chormaqan (alsoChormagan orChormaqan Noyan) (Mongolian:ᠴᠣᠷᠮᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢ;Chagatai: جورماقان;Khalkha Mongolian:Чормаган; diedc. 1241) was one of the most famous generals of theMongol Empire underGenghis Khan andÖgedei Khan. He was also a member of thekeshik.
A member of theSunud tribe, Chormaqan is mentioned inThe Secret History of Mongols many times. He probably participated in the Mongol campaigns in NorthChina and later in theSubutai's andJebe's famous journey throughCaucasus andRussiansteppes. He was a quiver bearer, as such often mentioned in sources as "Qurchi".[1]
He was appointed byÖgedei in the winter of 1230 to renew theMongol conquests in Persia, which had languished since Genghis Khan's assault on and near destruction of theKhwarezmid Empire from 1218 to 1223. His army reportedly consisted of around 30,000 to 50,000 men.[2] At the approach of Chormagan and the new Mongol army, the small Khwarezmid band[3] underJalal ad-Din were swept away. Further campaigns in the mid-1230s, based from the steppes inAzerbaijan aroundTabriz, firmly established theKingdom of Georgia andArmenian Kingdom of Cilicia as vassals to the Mongols. It is theorized that these moves may have been made to secure communications for the attack westward led byBatu that followed shortly thereafter.
Chormaqan also received the submission of theQutlugkhanids inKerman, whose rulerBuraq Hajib sent his sonRukn al-Din Mubarak Khwaja to Ögedei's court. Another local noble who submitted wasSalghurid atabeg Abu Bakr b. Sa'd I, who sent his brother or nephew Tahamtan toKarakorum.Isfahan did not submit to Mongol rule, therefore he had to lay a siege to there in 1236. Upon submission of Georgian and Armenian feudals, he dividedGeorgia up to 8 tumens and set upGanja as his powerbase, although some sources state heAni,Kars and environs. His rule weakened in 1239 on arrival of Chinqai andKorguz to Khorasan, to whom fiscal administrator was transferred byÖgedei.
Chormaqan died around 1241 and was replaced byBaiju, his lieutenant.
His wife Altani held considerable amount of influence inordo, upon whose suggestion Baiju was appointed. His sonShiramun later served under theIl-khansHulagu andAbaqa.[2] His daughterEsukan was married to KingDavid VII of Georgia.[4] His other son was Bora. Armenian PrinceHasan Jalal offered him the hand of his daughter Ruzanna (Ruzukan). Bora was executed during reign of Hulagu.
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