Chongzuo 崇左市 •Cungzcoj Si Tsungtso | |
|---|---|
 Office building of the Chongzuo government | |
 Location of Chongzuo in Guangxi | |
  Chongzuo Location in China | |
| Coordinates (Chongzuo municipal government):22°22′37″N107°21′54″E / 22.377°N 107.365°E /22.377; 107.365 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Autonomous region | Guangxi |
| Municipal seat | Jiangzhou District |
| Area | |
• Total | 17,345 km2 (6,697 sq mi) |
| Population (2010) | |
• Total | 2,347,700 |
| • Density | 135.35/km2 (350.56/sq mi) |
| GDP[1] | |
| • Total | CN¥ 98.9 billion US$ 15.3 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 47,336 US$ 7,337 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 532200 |
| Area code | 0771 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-GX-14 |
| Website | chongzuo |
Chongzuo (Chinese:崇左;pinyin:Chóngzuǒ;Zhuang:Cungzcoj) is aprefecture-level city in the south ofGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region near theSino-Vietnamese border. It is home to one of China's largestZhuang populations.
Chongzuo is located in southwesternGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It bordersNanning to the east,Baise to the north,Fangchenggang to the south andLạng Sơn,Vietnam to the west.[2] The Zuo or Left River and the You or Right River have their confluence in Chongzuo after which the river becomes the Yong River. Chongzuo is mountainous and hilly with numerouskarst formations similar toGuilin and northern Vietnam'sHa Long Bay.[3] Its area is 17,732 km2 (6,846 sq mi), 10,529 km2 (4,065 sq mi) of which is forested.[4]
Chongzuo's climate is humid subtropical and monsoon-influenced. January's average temperature is 14.1 °C (57.4 °F) and in July it is 28.9 °C (84.0 °F). Within the prefecture, the annual mean is 20.8–23 °C (69.4–73.4 °F). There are 330 frost-free days. Annual precipitation is between 1100-1300mm, much lower than other areas in Guangxi.
| Climate data for Chongzuo, elevation 196 m (643 ft), (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1991−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.7 (89.1) | 36.5 (97.7) | 36.9 (98.4) | 41.5 (106.7) | 41.2 (106.2) | 41.0 (105.8) | 40.2 (104.4) | 39.2 (102.6) | 38.4 (101.1) | 36.0 (96.8) | 34.4 (93.9) | 31.4 (88.5) | 41.5 (106.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.4 (65.1) | 20.0 (68.0) | 23.3 (73.9) | 29.0 (84.2) | 32.4 (90.3) | 33.5 (92.3) | 33.8 (92.8) | 33.6 (92.5) | 32.5 (90.5) | 29.9 (85.8) | 25.8 (78.4) | 21.0 (69.8) | 27.8 (82.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 14.1 (57.4) | 16.3 (61.3) | 19.2 (66.6) | 24.2 (75.6) | 27.3 (81.1) | 28.7 (83.7) | 28.9 (84.0) | 28.5 (83.3) | 27.4 (81.3) | 24.6 (76.3) | 20.4 (68.7) | 15.9 (60.6) | 23.0 (73.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11.1 (52.0) | 13.3 (55.9) | 16.4 (61.5) | 20.8 (69.4) | 23.7 (74.7) | 25.4 (77.7) | 25.6 (78.1) | 25.2 (77.4) | 23.9 (75.0) | 20.9 (69.6) | 16.6 (61.9) | 12.5 (54.5) | 19.6 (67.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) | 2.8 (37.0) | 6.6 (43.9) | 9.5 (49.1) | 15.1 (59.2) | 20.3 (68.5) | 22.3 (72.1) | 22.3 (72.1) | 16.0 (60.8) | 11.0 (51.8) | 5.9 (42.6) | 1.8 (35.2) | 1.5 (34.7) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 34.6 (1.36) | 27.5 (1.08) | 48.7 (1.92) | 79.5 (3.13) | 138.3 (5.44) | 178.4 (7.02) | 205.8 (8.10) | 197.1 (7.76) | 110.6 (4.35) | 62.8 (2.47) | 42.6 (1.68) | 27.4 (1.08) | 1,153.3 (45.39) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 9.6 | 9.3 | 12.4 | 11.2 | 13.8 | 17.0 | 16.9 | 16.3 | 11.1 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 137.6 |
| Average snowy days | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 76 | 75 | 78 | 75 | 74 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 77 | 73 | 73 | 72 | 76 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 72.9 | 69.8 | 61.3 | 107.6 | 164.6 | 165.9 | 188.1 | 189.0 | 181.1 | 165.9 | 139.4 | 117.6 | 1,623.2 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 22 | 22 | 16 | 28 | 40 | 41 | 46 | 48 | 50 | 46 | 42 | 35 | 36 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[5][6] | |||||||||||||
Chongzuo is one of the earliest centers of Zhuang culture. Important sites dating back to the Stone Age have been found here. TheRock Paintings of Hua Mountain along the Ming River at Huashan date back 1800 to 2500 years and are one of the largest groups ofpictographs in China and in the world. On several cliff faces are hundreds of large red pictographs depicting a large battle. The red pigment is still bright and vivid and individual figures, weapons, and animals are easy to distinguish. The cliffs, part of the sacred Frog Mountain, were important site to the early Zhuang.
In 214 BC, during the Qin dynasty, Chongzuo was part of the Xiang (象郡) commandry. Chinese generalFeng Zicai beat back a French attack here at theBattle of Bang Bo in 1885.Sun Yat-sen fired the first cannon shot of the anti-Qing revolution in Chongzuo in 1907. In the 1930s, after fomenting rebellion in other parts of Guangxi,Deng Xiaoping helped organize the peasants and workers here during the Longzhou rebellion and eventually formed theRed Army's 8th Army. Later, in 1979, the Chinese army invaded Vietnam from here.
Chongzuo has 1 district, 1 county-level city, 5 counties, 57 towns, 72 townships, 146 residential communities, and 1,724 villages.
District:
County-level city:
Counties:
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Chongzuo's population is 2,347,700.[7] 88% of the people belong to theZhuang ethnic group. The rest include Han, Yao, and other ethnic groups.The resident population at the end of 2024 is 2,046,100.[8]
| English name | Simplified | Traditional | Pinyin | Zhuang | Area | Population(2010 or 2012) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jiangzhou District | 江州区 | 江州區 | Jiāngzhōu Qū | Gyanghcouh Gih | 2,951 | 384,905(Zhuang people is 315,020 - According to the official statistics, 2012-03-15) |
| Fusui County | 扶绥县 | 扶綏縣 | Fúsuí Xiàn | Fuzsuih Yen | 2,836 | 432,000 (81.96% of the people belong to theZhuang ethnic group, 2010) |
| Ningming County | 宁明县 | 寧明縣 | Níngmíng Xiàn | Ningzmingz Yen | 3,779 | 412,300 (77.6% of the people belong to theZhuang ethnic group, 2010) |
| Longzhou County | 龙州县 | 龍州縣 | Lóngzhōu Xiàn | Lungzcouh Yen | 2,318 | 260,200 (95.8% of the people belong to theZhuang ethnic group, 2010) |
| Daxin County | 大新县 | 大新縣 | Dàxīn Xiàn | Dasinh Yen | 2,742 | 359,800 (97.2% of the people belong to theZhuang ethnic group, 2010) |
| Tiandeng County | 天等县 | 天等縣 | Tiānděng Xiàn | Denhdwngj Yen | 2,159 | 429,200 (98.81% of the people belong to theZhuang ethnic group, 2010) |
| Pingxiang | 凭祥市 | 憑祥市 | Píngxiáng Shì | Bingzsiengz Si | 650 | 106,400 (83.5% of the people belong to theZhuang ethnic group, 2010) |
Forestry and agriculture are two of Chongzuo's biggest industries. Oranges, rice, beans, corn, cassava, cinnamon, bananas, vegetables,durian, pineapples,longan, and tea are all major crops, but sugarcane is the center of Chongzuo agriculture. Farm raised animals include beef and dairy cattle, sheep, ducks, chickens, geese, and bees. Aquaculture for fish is also big. Chinese medicinal herbs are picked from the wild and also grown. Important mineral resources includemanganese, gold,ferberite, coal,barite,bentonite, uranium, andvanadium. It is China's biggest manganese producer and the world's biggest producer of bentonite. Other industries include export infrastructure,paper, forest products such as timber and turpentine, building materials, pharmaceuticals, and electronics manufacturing.
Chongzuo has amazing biodiversity with more than 4000 species of plants and more than 450 kinds of animals. There are more than 30 rare and protected animals including white headed and Indo-Chinese blacklangurs, crested stripedhornbills,pangolins, andclouded leopards. 1/4 of China's wild animal species can be found in Chongzuo.
Chongzuo is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. The most famous attraction isDetian Waterfall in Daxing County along the border with Vietnam. It is the second largest waterfall along a national border after Niagara Falls and was one of the crossing points for China's army during the briefSino-Vietnamese War. Nearby there is theTongling Gorge accessible only through a cavern from an adjoining gorge. Rediscovered only recently, it has many species of endemic plants, found only in the gorge, and used to be used as a hideout by local bandits whose treasure is occasionally still found in the cliff-side caves. West of Chongzuo city, there are several forest and animal preserves, some with minor tourist facilities.
These findings might give some support to the claim that modern humans from Africa arrived at southern China about 100,000 years BP (Zhiren Cave,Mulanshan[11]), Chongzuo City: 100,000 years BP;[12][13][14][15] and theLiujiang hominid: controversially dated at 139,000–111,000 years BP[16]).
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