| Hibito–Cholón | |
|---|---|
| Cholónan | |
| (tentative) | |
| Geographic distribution | Peru |
Native speakers | >2 rememberers (2021) |
| Linguistic classification | Proposedlanguage family |
| Subdivisions | |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | hibi1242 |
The moribund or extinctHibito–Cholón orCholónan languages form a proposedlanguage family that links two languages ofPeru,Hibito andCholón. This family was believed to be extinct but in 2021 a semispeaker was rediscovered; she isMartha Pérez Valderrama, and she is currently the only known speaker of this language family (specifically from theCholón).[1][2] They may also be related to the extinctCulle andChirino languages, and perhaps to thelanguage of the Chachapoya, but the data for all of these languages is poor.[3] This hypothetical group of languages has been termed theCholonoid languages.[4]
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with theKechua,Leko,Mapudungun,Mochika,Kandoshi,Muniche, andBarbakoa language families due to contact.[5]
Several basic Hibito and Cholon words appear to be related, though the data on both languages is poor. The following examples are given in thead hoc orthography of the three sources we have on these languages:
| gloss | tree | water | daughter | son |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cholón | mech / meš | cot / quõt / köta | ñu / -ñu | pul / -pul |
| Hibito | mixs / mitš | cachi / otšj | ñoo | pool |
Comparative word list of Hibito and Cholon from Loukotka (1949):[6]
| French gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | Hibito | Cholon | comparisons |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| animal | animal | (Sp.) | (Sp.) | |
| arbre | tree | mixs | mees-ñgup | |
| boire | drink | vvik | nig | |
| ciel | sky | puxam | senta | |
| cœur | heart | thuo-suik | aluñač | |
| dieu | God | diosču | (Sp.) | |
| douleur | pain | kalak | ysiam | |
| eau | water | kači | kot | Tessmann: oč, köta |
| étoiles | stars | kuičas | ke-nak | |
| femme | woman | etlek | yla | Tessmann: udú, hilá |
| feu | fire | ukče | vet | Tessmann: olmó, utmo |
| fille | daughter | noo | añu | |
| fils | son | pool | apul | |
| fleur | flower | čukčum | ñuñap | |
| fleuve | river | sekllutkači | kot-ysokot | |
| frère | brother | moskaá | azot | Katakao: aszat = homme |
| fruit | fruit | llagna | keniya | |
| gai | happy | musugvem | augilubaktam | |
| herbe | grass | kiak | pullo | |
| homme | man | nuum | num | Tessmann: núm, lúno |
| lune | moon | kuiná | peel | Tessmann: winžö, pel |
| manger | eat | lopkem | amok | |
| mer | sea | lapomkači | sokotlol | |
| mère | mother | keek | appan | |
| mort | dead | huank | mikol | |
| mourir | die | kalgeskam | ñgoli-čo | |
| oiseau | bird | kumkoči | zuksill | |
| ondes | waves | omium | ypixsimam | |
| père | father | kotk | appa | |
| pleurer | cry | atzakkem | yo-yam | |
| pluie | rain | laamčus | llisiak | |
| poisson | fish | kazop | asua | |
| rameau | branch | mixnul | pučup | |
| régner | reign | kollam | časam | |
| sœur | sister | moskaá | akiñiu | |
| soleil | sun | ñim | musak | Tessmann: nim, mušápo |
| terre | earth | kaloč | lluspey | |
| tronc | trunk | sangoč | sangoč | |
| vent | wind | koktom | mam | |
| viande | meat | amaá | čep |
| French gloss | English translation | Hibito | Cholon |
|---|---|---|---|
| J'achète | I buy | a-msan | |
| J'ai achète | I bought | a-mzi | |
| Aiguille | Needle | kaxá | |
| Aimer | to love | a-gol'an |
