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| Chola invasion of Kalinga (1110) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 The Army ofKalinga. | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Chola Empire | Kalinga | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
| Kulottunga IKarunakara TondaimanVikrama Chola | Anantavarman | ||||||||
| Units involved | |||||||||
| Chola Navy Chola Army | |||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Large number of civilians killed or enslaved | |||||||||
TheChola invasion of Kalinga in 1110 CE was the second and more famous of the two campaigns against the kingdom ofKalinga undertaken during the reign ofKulothunga I. The forces led by thePallava chief,Karunakara Tondaiman, achieved an easy victory over the army of Kalinga forcing its king,Anantavarman Chodaganga to flee. The war and its causes form the subject of theballad,Kalingattuparani.
The kingdom of Kalinga had been subdued in the first Chola invasion of Kalinga and the king had become a vassal of the Cholas paying an annual tribute to the Chola Emperor. When the king of Kalinga, Anantavarman Chodaganga defaulted on payment for two years in a row,Kulothunga Chola I declared a war on him and appointed his Prime Minister and Commander-in-chief, Karunakara Tondaiman to lead an expedition to Kalinga.[1]
Karunakara Tondaiman set out fromKanchipuram in 1110 and crossing thePalar,Pennar,Krishna andGodavari, reached Kalinga.[1] After destroying the elephant corps sent by Anantavarman to arrest his advance, Karunakara Tondaiman plundered and ravaged Kalinga.[2] Anantavarman faced the Chola Army on the battlefield but was defeated and had to flee.[1]