| Chochenyo | |
|---|---|
| Čočeño, East Bay | |
| lisiánish | |
| Native to | United States |
| Region | California |
| Ethnicity | Chochenyo people |
| Extinct | 1934, with the death of José Guzmán[1] |
| Revival | from 2002 |
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | (included incst [cst]) |
| Glottolog | east2548 |
| ELP | San Francisco Bay Costanoan (shared) |
 Map of Chochenyo varieties | |
Chochenyo (also calledChocheño,Northern Ohlone andEast Bay Costanoan) is the spoken language of theChochenyo people. Chochenyo is one of theOhlone languages in theUtian family.
Linguistically, Chochenyo,Tamyen andRamaytush are thought to have been dialects of a single language, but Tamyen and Ramaytush are very poorly attested. The speech of the last two native speakers of Chochenyo was documented in the 1920s in the unpublished fieldnotes of theBureau of American Ethnology linguistJohn Peabody Harrington. The final native speaker of the language was José Guzmán who died in 1934 inNiles, California.
TheMuwekma Ohlone Tribe, which (as of 2007)[2] is petitioning for U.S. federal recognition, has made efforts to revive the language. As of 2004, "the Chochenyo database being developed by the tribe ... [contained] from 1,000 to 2,000 basic words."[3][1] By 2009, many students were able to carry on conversations in the Chochenyo language. Through both successful word formation, as well as extending documented words, the Chochenyo dictionary has grown significantly throughout the early 21st century.[4] During thecanonization ofSaint Junípero Serra on September 23, 2015, the first reading at Mass was read in Chochenyo byVincent Medina.[5]
| Labial | Dental/ alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hard | soft | |||||||
| Nasal | m⟨m⟩ | n⟨n⟩ | nʲ⟨nY⟩ | |||||
| Plosive | p⟨p⟩ | t⟨t⟩ | ʈ⟨ṭ⟩ | k⟨k⟩ | ʔ⟨'⟩ | |||
| Affricate | ts⟨ts⟩ | tʃ⟨č⟩ | ||||||
| Fricative | s⟨s⟩ | ʃ⟨š⟩ | x⟨x⟩ | h⟨h⟩ | ||||
| Approximant | w⟨w⟩ | l⟨l⟩ | j⟨y⟩ | |||||
| Flap | ɾ⟨r⟩ | |||||||
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u |
| Close-mid | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | |
| Open | ɑ |
The vowels can be long or short. Prolongation is shown by repeating the vowel.
{{cite AV media}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)Italics indicate extinct languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Non-Indigenous |
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