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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Aureomycin |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information |
| Routes of administration | By mouth,IV,topical |
| ATC code | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 30% |
| Protein binding | 50 to 55% |
| Metabolism | Gastrointestinal tract,hepatic (75%) |
| Metabolites | Isochlortetracycline |
| Eliminationhalf-life | 5.6 to 9 hours |
| Excretion | 60%renal and >10%biliary |
| Identifiers | |
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| PubChemCID | |
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| UNII | |
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| ChEMBL | |
| E number | E702(antibiotics) |
| CompTox Dashboard(EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.310 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C22H23ClN2O8 |
| Molar mass | 478.88 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Specific rotation | [α]D25−275°·cm3·dm−1·g−1 (methane) |
| Melting point | 168 to 169 °C (334 to 336 °F) |
| Solubility in water | 0.5–0.6 mg/mL (20 °C) |
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Chlortetracycline (trade nameAureomycin,Lederle Laboratories) is atetracyclineantibiotic, the firsttetracycline to be identified. It was discovered in 1945 at Lederle Laboratories under the supervision ofYellapragada Subbarow andBenjamin Minge Duggar. They were helped byLouis T. Wright,[2] a surgeon who conducted this medication's first human experiments. Duggar identified the antibiotic as the product of anactinomycete he cultured from the soil ofSanborn Field at theUniversity of Missouri.[3] The organism was namedStreptomyces aureofaciens and the isolated drug, Aureomycin, because of their golden color.[1]
It is on theWorld Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[4]
A combination cream withtriamcinolone acetonide is available for the treatment of infectedallergic dermatitis in humans.[5]
Inveterinary medicine, chlortetracycline is commonly used to treatconjunctivitis incats,[6] dogs and horses. It is also used to treat infected wounds in cattle, sheep and pigs, andrespiratory tract infections in calves, pigs and chickens.[5]
Chlortetracycline for systemic use is contraindicated in animals with severehepatic orrenal impairment. Topical chlortetracycline must not be used on the udder of animals whose milk is intended for human consumption.[5]
Like other tetracyclines, chlortetracyclin can inhibit bone and tooth mineralization in growing and unborn animals, and color their teeth yellow or brown. It can also impair liver and kidney function. Allergic reactions are rare.[5]
Chlortetracycline may increase the anticoagulant activities ofacenocoumarol. The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when chlortetracycline is combined withacitretin,adapalene, oralitretinoin. Aluminum phosphate and aluminum hydroxide can cause decreases in the absorption of chlortetracycline resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. The therapeutic efficacy ofmecillinam (amdinocillin),amoxicillin, andampicillin can be decreased when used in combination with chlortetracycline. Chlortetracycline may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities ofatracurium besilate.[7]
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