Chino's surroundings have long been a center of agriculture anddairy farming, providing milk products inSouthern California and much of the southwestern United States. Chino's agricultural history dates back to the Spanish land grant formingRancho Santa Ana del Chino. The area specialized in fruit orchards, row crops, and dairy.
Chino is bounded byChino Hills and Los Angeles County to the west, Pomona to the northwest, unincorporatedSan Bernardino County (nearMontclair) to the north, including the unincorporated community ofNarod,Ontario to the northeast, Eastvale to the southeast inRiverside County andOrange County to the southwest. It is easily accessible via theChino Valley (71) andPomona (60) freeways. The population was 91,403 at the 2020 census.[8]
The land grant on which the town was founded was calledRancho Santa Ana del Chino.Santa Ana isSpanish forSaint Anne, but the exact meaning of "Chino" has been explained in different ways.[7] One explanation is that the "Chino" (curly-haired person or mixed-race person) was the chief of the local Native American village.[9] The president of the Chino Valley Historical Society, drawing onCivil War-era letters, designates the "curl" referenced in the toponym as that at the top of thegrama grass that abounded in the valley.[10]
TheYorba–Slaughter Adobe, built in 1850 byCalifornio rancher Raimundo Yorba, is one of the oldest-standing buildings in San Bernardino County.
TheTongva had a settlement calledWapijangna in theSanta Ana River watershed. Some residents of Wapijanga were baptized atMission San Gabriel, which was established in 1771. The Spanish crown claimed the land until Mexican independence was finalized and possession fell to the Mexican government.
Some twenty years later,Mexican governor of Alta CaliforniaJuan Bautista Alvarado grantedRancho Santa Ana del Chino toAntonio Maria Lugo of the Lugo family. Two years later, his successor, GovernorMicheltorena, granted an additional three leagues to Lugo's son-in-lawIsaac Williams, who took charge of the rancho. Williams kept large quantities of horses and cattle, which attracted the envy of raiding Native Americans as well as unscrupulous whites. One of the latter wasJames Beckwourth, who, in 1840, posed as anotter hunter and stayed at Rancho Chino to determine the location of the area's animals, which he then reported toWalkara, theUte mastermind of the raids.
Early in theMexican–American War, theBattle of Chino took place at Williams' rancho.[11] The battle ended prior to the arrival of theMormon Battalion, dispatched on behalf of the United States, who instead labored in the rancho's agricultural harvest and constructed agrist mill.
During theCalifornia Gold Rush, the rancho was a popular stopover for travelers, and in the mining fury, coal was discovered there. In 1850, California was admitted to the union, and the process of separating privately held lands from the public domain began. The Williams claim to the Chino Rancho was patented in 1869.
Richard Gird was the next owner of the Rancho. Beginning in 1887, his land was subdivided and laid out. It became the "Town of Chino", and incorporated into a city in 1910.[12] Sugar beets, corn, and alfalfa were raised there.
The Chino Valley, located at the foot of an alluvial plain with fertile topsoil reaching depths of 4 feet (1.2 m), was an agricultural mecca from the 1890s up through the mid-20th century. Sugar beets were a significant part of the economy in the early 1900s, followed by sweet corn (marketed as "Chino corn" throughout the Pacific coast area), peaches, walnuts, tomatoes, and strawberries. The city's official logo/crest features an overflowing cornucopia.
The dairy industry flourished from the 1950s through the 1980s, with dairy-friendly zoning in the southwest corner of San Bernardino County encouraging many ethnic Dutch families to locate there and become the cornerstone of the industry. Chino's large, highly efficient dairies made it the largest milk-producing community in the nation's largest milk-producing state.
In the 1970s, Chino developed into a smallsuburban city, forming the western anchor of theInland Empire region, and now the city's development has gradually taken on a more middle-class character. There are still many industrial areas as well as farm animals such as goats and chickens. According to the 2004FBI UCR, the city had about 3.6 violent crimes per 1,000 population, which is typical for an American suburb, and its property crime below average.
On July 11, 2017, in a special election, Chino voters voted against Measure H, which would have allowed 30 acres (12 ha) of rural land located nearOntario to be used to build a total of 180 new homes by home builderD.R. Horton.[15] The measure faced considerable opposition from city residents, despite support from the Chino Chamber of Commerce and school district.
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 29.7 square miles (77 km2). 29.6 square miles (77 km2) of it is land and 0.04% is water.
According to theKöppen Climate Classification system, Chino has ahot-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps.[23] Chino has long, hot summers with cool to mild mornings and short, mild, and wet winters with chilly mornings usually in the 40s. Precipitation peaks during the month of February.
Climate data for Chino, California, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1998–present
Chino, California – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
The census reported that 94.0% of the population lived in households, 0.2% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 5.7% were institutionalized.[30]
There were 26,351 households, out of which 41.9% included children under the age of 18, 55.8% were married-couple households, 6.1% werecohabiting couple households, 24.0% had a female householder with no partner present, and 14.1% had a male householder with no partner present. 14.3% of households were one person, and 6.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.26.[30] There were 21,194families (80.4% of all households).[31]
The age distribution was 22.4% under the age of 18, 9.2% aged 18 to 24, 29.7% aged 25 to 44, 25.9% aged 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65years of age or older. The median age was 37.2years. For every 100 females, there were 99.9 males.[30]
There were 27,224 housing units at an average density of 920.5 units per square mile (355.4 units/km2), of which 26,351 (96.8%) were occupied. Of these, 62.5% were owner-occupied, and 37.5% were occupied by renters.[30]
In 2023, the US Census Bureau estimated that the median household income was $103,845, and theper capita income was $36,118. About 6.4% of families and 7.4% of the population were below the poverty line.[32]
At the2010 census Chino had a population of 77,983. The population density was 2,629.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,015.4/km2). The racial makeup of Chino was 43,981 (56.4%) White (27.8% Non-Hispanic White),[33][34] 4,829 (6.2%) African American, 786 (1.0%) Native American, 8,159 (10.5%) Asian, 168 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 16,503 (21.2%) from other races, and 3,557 (4.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 41,993 persons (53.8%).
The census reported that 70,919 people (90.9% of the population) lived in households, 164 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 6,900 (8.8%) were institutionalized.
There were 20,772 households, 9,979 (48.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 12,426 (59.8%) were married couples living together, 3,041 (14.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,469 (7.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,185 (5.7%) households ofunmarried couples; of which 147 (0.7%) were same-sex. 2,840 households (13.7%) were one person and 1,020 (4.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.41. There were 16,936 families (81.5% of households); the average family size was 3.72.
The age distribution was 19,737 people (25.3%) under the age of 18, 8,530 people (10.9%) aged 18 to 24, 25,091 people (32.2%) aged 25 to 44, 18,954 people (24.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 5,671 people (7.3%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 33.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.2 males.
There were 21,797 housing units at an average density of 735.1 per square mile, of the occupied units 14,315 (68.9%) were owner-occupied and 6,457 (31.1%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.4%. 49,280 people (63.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 21,639 people (27.7%) lived in rental housing units.
According to the 2010 United States Census, Chino had a median household income of $71,671, with 9.6% of the population living below the federal poverty line.[33]
The city is governed by a five-member council consisting of a mayor plus four councilmembers. The mayor is elected at-large and council members are elected by district; all serve four-year terms. The city manager and city attorney are appointed by the council.[3] The city's elections, which are plurality, are held on a Tuesday after the first Monday in November of even-numbered years.
^Dubois, Phil; Allen P. McCombs."Chino Police History". Chino Police Department. Archived fromthe original on August 26, 2009. RetrievedDecember 1, 2009.
^"Film Stars Invade Valley".Progress-Bulletin (Pomona, California). April 3, 1964. p. 2:3. RetrievedJune 24, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
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