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Tatars in China

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(Redirected fromChinese Tatars)
Turkic ethnic group in Xinjiang, China

Ethnic group
Tatars in China
Tatarstan PresidentMintimer Shaimiev (left) with representatives of China's Tatar community, 2003
Total population
3,544 (2021)[1]
Regions with significant populations
NorthernXinjiang (Dzungaria)
Languages
Tatar,Kazakh,Uyghur,Standard Chinese
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
Volga Tatars
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese塔塔尔族
Traditional Chinese塔塔爾族
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinTǎtǎ'ěrzú
Tatar name
Tatarтатарлар
tatarlar
Part of aseries on
Islam in China
Top of the Great Mosque of Xi'an
Islam portal •flagChina portal

Tatars (Chinese:塔塔尔族;pinyin:Tǎtǎ'ěrzú;Tatar:татарлар,romanized: tatarlar) are one of the 56ethnic groups officially recognized by the Chinese government. They are aTurkic people who mostly live in NorthernXinjiang (Dzungaria). As of 2020[update], there are 3,544 Tatars living in Xinjiang, mostly in the cities ofYining,Tacheng, andÜrümqi. The Daquan Tatar Ethnic Township ofQitai County inChangji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, which sits on the edge of theGurbantünggüt Desert, is the only subdivision designated for Tatars.[2]

History

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The Tatars in China are descendants ofVolga Tatars who migrated to Xinjiang from their nativeIdel-Ural region in modern-day Russia. The Tatars have traditionally acted as mediators between theRussians and the native Muslim peoples of Xinjiang. The first wave of permanent Tatar settlement in Xinjiang began in 1851, primarily in cities such asGhulja (Yining). Tatars brought progressive ideas and new institutions into Xinjiang, where they cemented themselves in the cultural and political fabric of the region.Jadid schools (including institutions for girls), mosques, and libraries catering to the Tatar community were opened in the second half of the 19th century and in the first decades of the 20th century. During this period, many intellectuals were brought fromTatarstan to staff the schools and colleges.[3]

Following theincorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China, the Chinese central government consulted the Tatar community on what they wished to be called inStandard Chinese. The previouspinyin transcription ofTatar inMandarin Chinese (still used to refer to Volga Tatars) wasDádá, with several varianttranscriptions into Chinese characters, including鞑靼,达靼,达怛,达旦, and达达. The majority of Tatars ultimately agreed on a new transcription:Tǎtǎ'ěr (塔塔尔).[1]

Language

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The Tatars in China speak an archaic variant of theTatar language, free from 20th-century loanwords, and use a revised version of theTatar Arabic alphabet (İske imlâ), which wasphased out in the Soviet Union in the 1930s.[4] Being surrounded by speakers of other Turkic languages, the Tatar spoken in China partially reverses the Tatar high vowel inversion.[citation needed] Most Tatars are multilingual and can speakKazakh,Uyghur orStandard Chinese in addition to Tatar.[1] Some Tatars also use theUyghur Arabic script to write their native language.[5]

Culture

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Sabantuy, a traditional summer festival of the Tatars, is listed as a nationalintangible cultural heritage in China.[6]

Religion

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The Tatars in China areMuslims.[1]

Notable people

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Four prominent Tatars in the early history of the Xinjiang UAR. Clockwise from the top left:Burhan Shahidi,Zunun Taipov,Margub Iskhakov, andAsgat Iskhakov.
  • Burhan Shahidi (1894–1989), Chairman of the Xinjiang UAR Government
  • Habib Yunich (1905–1945), Education Minister of the Second East Turkestan Republic
  • Zunun Taipov (1917–1984), Lieutenant General of the People's Liberation Army
  • Asgat Iskhakov (1921–1976), Vice Chairman of the Xinjiang UAR Government
  • Margub Iskhakov (1923–1992), Lieutenant General of the People's Liberation Army

See also

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References

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  1. ^abcd塔塔尔族 [Tatar Nationality].rcenw.lzu.edu.cn (in Chinese). Center for Studies of Ethnic Minorities in Northwest China ofLanzhou University. Retrieved13 October 2025.
  2. ^中国人口较少民族 [Ethnic Minorities in China] (in Chinese). Xinhua Press. 2007. p. 83.ISBN 978-7501181094.
  3. ^Ondřej Klimeš (8 January 2015).Struggle by the Pen: The Uyghur Discourse of Nation and National Interest, c.1900–1949. BRILL. pp. 80–.ISBN 978-90-04-28809-6.
  4. ^Minglang Zhou (2003).Multilingualism in China: the politics of writing reforms for minority languages, 1949–2002. Vol. 89 of Contributions to the sociology of language (illustrated ed.). Published Walter de Gruyter. p. 183.ISBN 3-11-017896-6. Retrieved1 January 2011.
  5. ^Davis, Edward Lawrence (2005). "Turkic Language Speakers".Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture. Taylor & Francis. p. 618.ISBN 978-0-415-77716-2.
  6. ^"In China's 56 ethnic groups, which is the smallest one?".Our China Story. Retrieved7 November 2025.

Further reading

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toTatars in China.
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