 Seal of the Academy | |
| Other name | 中国科学院(Native Name) |
|---|---|
| Parent institution | State Council of China |
| Founder | Government Administration Council of theCentral People's Government(emerged to the State Council in 1954) |
| Established | 1 November 1949; 76 years ago (1949-11-01) |
| Focus | Natural sciences |
| President | Hou Jianguo |
| Staff | 71,300 (2023)[1] |
| Key people | Wu Zhaohui, Vice President |
| Budget | CN¥171 billion (2023)[2] |
| Subsidiaries | See list |
| Formerly called | Academia Sinica (1949–1980s) |
| Address | 52 Sanlihe Rd,Xicheng,Beijing, China |
| Location | Nationwide , |
| Website | english |
| Chinese Academy of Sciences | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 中国科学院 | ||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 中國科學院 | ||||||
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TheChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS;中国科学院)[3] is thenational academy fornatural sciences and the highest consultancy for science and technology of thePeople's Republic of China.[4] It is the world's largest research organization, with 106 research institutes, 2 universities, 71,300 full-time employees, and 79,000 graduate students.[5][6]
The Chinese Academy of Sciences has historical origins in theAcademia Sinica during theRepublican era and was formerly also known by that name until the 1980s. The academy functions as the national scientificthink tank and academic governing body, providing advisory and appraisal services on issues stemming from the national economy,social development, and science and technology progress. It is headquartered inBeijing, with affiliate institutes throughout China. It has also created hundreds of commercial enterprises,Lenovo being one of the most famous.
CAS also runs theUniversity of Science and Technology of China and theUniversity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,[7] both of which were among the world's top three academic institutions in theNature Index rankings as of 2024.[8][9] CAS has also founded and spun off multiple companies, such asSugon and GoLaxy.[10]
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Membership of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, also known by the title Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院院士), is a lifelong honor given to Chinese scientists who have made significant achievements in various fields. According to theBylaws for Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences adopted in 1992 and recently amended in the year 2014, it is the highest academic title in China. A formal CAS member must holdChinese citizenship, although foreign citizens may be elected as CAS foreign academicians. Members older than 80 are designated as "senior members" and may no longer hold leading positions in the organization.[11] Academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences carry an obligation to advance science and technology, to advocate and uphold scientific spirit, to develop a scientific and technological workforce, to attend member meetings and receive consultation and evaluation tasks, and to promote international exchanges and cooperation. Academicians can give suggestions and influence Chinese state policy related to science and technology.[12]
In 1956, China formally began its computing program when it launched the Twelve-Year Science Plan and formed the Beijing Institute of Computing Technology under the CAS.[13]: 100
In 1964, CAS debuted China's first self-developed largedigital computer, the 119.[13]: 101 The 119 was a core technology in facilitating China's first successful nuclear weapon test (Project 596), also in 1964.[13]: 101
Beginning in 1972, CAS began promoting the idea of balancing applied research with more theoretical research and in having scientific exchanges with other developing countries.[14]: 74
As vice premier,Deng Xiaoping in 1975 also sought to re-orient CAS towards more theoretical research, which had not been a focus during theCultural Revolution.[14]: 74 Deng emphasized that "the Academy of Sciences is an Academy of Sciences, not an Academy of Cabbage."[14]: 74 Deng assigned CAS vice presidentHu Yaobang to draft a plan for overhauling CAS.[14]: 74 Deng and his aideHu Qiaomu revised the draft and in September 1974 issued "The Outline Report on the Work of the Academy of Sciences".[14]: 74 The Outline described scientific research in China as lagging behind the needs of socialist construction and the state of the advanced countries, and stated that to catch up, China should emphasizebasic science in order to develop a sound theoretical foundation.[14]: 74
This approach to scientific reform fell out of political favor in 1976 when Deng was purged, although it continued to be supported by many members within CAS.[14]: 75 A month before Deng's political return in 1977 however, the Outline Report was revived and adopted as CAS's official policy.[14]: 81
Shortly after his return, Deng hosted a series of meetings on science and education in which he stated that science should become the forerunner of China's modernization.[14]: 82 Following these remarks, CAS prepared its goals for natural science disciplines to be achieved by 1985, stating that as a developing socialist country, China should strengthen basic scientific research through foreign exchanges.[14]: 82
To further promote this agenda, Deng began a campaign to promote the National Science Conference.[14]: 82 A team led by CAS vice presidentFang Yi instructed schools, factories, and communes to organize youth-focused events celebrating science and technology.[14]: 82
In 1977, the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences was split off of CAS and reorganized into theChinese Academy of Social Sciences and led by Hu Qiaomu.[14]: 86–87
TheGraduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was established in 2001 as a successor to the Graduate School of the University of Science and Technology of China (Beijing).The Ministry of Education (MOE) approved the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) application to change its name to the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) on July 23, 2012. Additionally, the MOE recommended that CAS discontinue the operation of the CAS Graduate School. In 2023, thePasteur Institute suspended ties with CAS.[15]
The Chinese Academy of Sciences maintains a large number of subordinate institutions nationwide.
According to the "Regulations on Functional Configuration, Internal Organizations and Staffing of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)", CAS has set up the following constitute departments at its headquarters:[16][failed verification]
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The enterprise units directly under the Chinese Academy of Sciences are wholly owned or controlled by the Chinese Academy of Sciences State-owned Assets Management Co.
On 26 February 2007, CAS published aDeclaration of Scientific Ideology and set up a commission for scientific integrity to promote transparency, autonomy, and accountability of scientific research in the country. Around that same time, theMinistry of Science and Technology also initiated measures to address misconduct in state-funded programs.[17]
CAS also publishes the Early Warning List, which notes journals with a lack of rigor and possible predatory practices.[18]
| Language | English |
|---|---|
| Standard abbreviations ISO 4 (alt) · Bluebook (alt) NLM · MathSciNet | |
| ISO 4 | Sci. China |
Together with theNational Natural Science Foundation of China, the academy publishes thepeer-reviewedacademic journal,Science China (also known asScience in China).Science China comprises seven series:[19]
CAS also promotes theChina Open Access Journals (COAJ) platform,[20] a national variant of the internationalDirectory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).
Since 1999, the CAS has issued the annualState Preeminent Science and Technology Award, presented by the President of China to the recipient.[21]
CAS has been ranked the No. 1 research institute in the world byNature Index since the list's inception in 2014 byNature Portfolio.[22][23][24][25]
It was the most productive institution publishing articles on sustainable development indexed in the Web of Science from 1981 to 2018 among all universities and research institutions in the world.[26]
The academy also runs theUniversity of Science and Technology of China and theUniversity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,[7] both of which were among the world's top three universities in the Nature Index ranking as of 2024.[8]
In 2024,Clarivate's Highly Cited Researchers list contained 308 CSA members. This made CSA researchers the largest group on the list by institution, and the sixth largest by country.[27]
The Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth is a branch of CAS. The Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth was a customer ofSwedish Space Corporation (SSC), which provides data transmission services from satellites for a wide range of societal functions.[28] It was reported byReuters on 21 September 2020 that SSC decided not to renew the contracts with China to help operate Chinese satellites from SSC's ground stations, or seek new business with China.[29]
This article incorporates text from afree content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0. Text taken fromUNESCO Science Report: towards 2030, 621–641, UNESCO Publishing.
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See also:  List of universities in China | |
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