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 China |  Turkmenistan |
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China–Turkmenistan relations are thebilateral relationship between China andTurkmenistan. China was the first country to establish diplomatic relations with Turkmenistan after it declared independence.[1] On January 6, 1992, China signed communiqués on the establishment of diplomatic relations with Turkmenistan.[2]
China is by far Turkmenistan's largest trading partner. In 2020, the China exports to Turkmenistan were valued at $445 US million and Turkmenistan exports to China were valued at $5.3 US billion.[3] In 2022, China accounted for 65% of Turkmenistan's total trade.[4]
In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Turkmenistan, signed a joint letter to theUnited Nations Human Rights Council defendingChina's persecution of Uyghurs.[5][6] Turkmenistan was one of 16 countries that defended China in 2019 but did not do so in 2020.[7]
Turkmenistan exports significant amounts of natural gas to China, with more than half of these exports going through theCentral Asia–China gas pipeline.[8] On 3 April 2006, China and Turkmenistan signed a framework agreement on a potential pipeline construction and long-term gas supply.[9] In June 2007, during his visit to China, Turkmeni PresidentGurbanguly Berdimuhamedow signed an accord to speed up implementation of the Turkmeni-Chinese gas pipeline project.[10] In July 2007, it was formally announced that Turkmenistan will join the originalKazakhstan–China oil pipeline project.[11] The whole pipeline was inaugurated on 14 December 2009.[12]
The pipeline project allowed Turkmenistan to significantly decrease its previous dependence on Russia; previously, nearly 70% of Turkmenistan's gas exports transited through Russian pipelines.[13]
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