| Chief minister of Kerala | |
|---|---|
| കേരള മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി Kēraḷa Mukhyamantri | |
 | |
 | |
| Chief Minister's Office Kerala Council of Ministers Executive branch of the Kerala Government | |
| Style | The Honourable(Formal) Mr./Mrs. Chief Minister(Informal) |
| Type | Head of government |
| Abbreviation | CM |
| Member of | |
| Reports to | |
| Residence | Cliff House,Thiruvananthapuram |
| Seat | Kerala Government Secretariat,Thiruvananthapuram |
| Nominator | Members of the Kerala Legislative Assembly |
| Appointer | Governor of Kerala byconvention, based on appointee's ability tocommand confidence in theNiyama Sabha |
| Term length | At the pleasure of the governor of Kerala[1]
|
| Constituting instrument | Article 164 of theConstitution of India |
| Precursor | Prime minister ofTravancore Prime minister ofKingdom of Cochin Chief Minister ofMadras Chief ministers ofTravancore-Cochin |
| Formation | 5 April 1957; 68 years ago (1957-04-05) |
| First holder | E. M. S. Namboodiripad(1957–1959) |
| Deputy | Vacant |
| Salary |
|
| Website | keralacm |
Thechief minister of Kerala is thechief executive of theIndian state ofKerala.De facto executive authority rests with thechief minister. Following elections to theKerala Legislative Assembly, thestate's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form thechief minister, whosecouncil of ministers arecollectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to noterm limits.[2]
Following India's independence from theBritish Raj in 1947, the states' monarchs ofTravancore (തിരുവിതാംകൂർ - Thiruvithāmkōr) andCochin (കൊച്ചി - Kochi) instituted a measure ofrepresentative government, headed by a prime minister and his council of ministers. On 1 July 1949 Travancore and Cochin were merged to formTravancore-Cochin state. TheMalabar District (മലബാർ - Malabār) andKasaragod (കാസർഗോഡ് - Kāsargodə) region ofSouth Canara, which together constitute more than half of present state of Kerala, had their representatives in theMadras Legislative Assembly.
On 1 November 1956, theStates Reorganisation Act redrew India's map along linguistic lines, and the present-day state ofKerala was born, consisting solely ofMalayalam-speaking regions, by mergingCochin,Malabar, andTravancore regions, and theKasaragod region ofSouth Canara.[3] The firstassembly election inKerala state was held in February–March 1957.[3] The firstKerala Legislative Assembly was formed on 5 April 1957. The Assembly had 127 members including a nominated member.[3] Since then, 12 people have served as the chief minister of Kerala. The first wasE. M. S. Namboodiripad of theCommunist Party of India, whose tenure was cut short by the imposition ofPresident's rule. Kerala has come underPresident's rule for four years over seven terms, the last of them in 1982. Since then the office has alternated between leaders of theIndian National Congress and of theCommunist Party of India (Marxist).E. K. Nayanar is the longest serving holder of the office for a total of 10 years, 353 days.Pinarayi Vijayan is theincumbent chief minister; hisLeft Democratic Front government has been in office since 25 May 2016.
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| No[a] | Portrait | Name | Term of Office | Assembly | Appointed by (Monarch) | Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Pattom A. Thanu Pillai | 24 March 1948 | 17 October 1948 | 210 days | Representative Body (1948–49) | Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma | Indian National Congress | |
| 2 |  | Paravoor T. K. Narayana Pillai | 22 October 1948 | 1 July 1949 | 253 days | ||||
| No[b] | Portrait | Name | Term of Office | Assembly | Appointed by (Monarch) | Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | P. Govinda Menon | 14 August 1947 | 22 October 1947 | 51 days | 6th Council (1945–48) | Aikya Keralam Thampuran | Independent | |
| 2 | | T. K. Nair | 27 October 1947 | 20 September 1948 | 334 days | ||||
| 3 |  | E. Ikkanda Warrier | 20 September 1948 | 1 July 1949 | 284 days | Legislative Assembly (1948–49) | |||
| No[c] | Portrait | Name | Term of Office | Assembly | Appointed by | Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | | Paravoor T. K. Narayana Pillai | 1 July 1949 | 26 January 1950 | 209 days | 1st | Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma | Indian National Congress | |
After India'sindependence in 1947,Travancore andCochin were merged to formTravancore-Cochin on 1 July 1949. On 1 January 1950, Travancore-Cochin was recognised as a state.
| No[d] | Portrait | Name | Term of Office | Assembly | Appointed by | Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | | Paravoor T. K. Narayana Pillai | 26 January 1950 | 28 February 1951 | 1 year, 33 days | 1st | Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma | Indian National Congress | |
| 2 |  | C. Kesavan | 28 February 1951 | 12 March 1952 | 1 year, 13 days | ||||
| 3 | | A. J. John | 12 March 1952 | 16 March 1954 | 2 years, 4 days | 2nd (1951 election) | |||
| 4 | | Pattom A. Thanu Pillai | 16 March 1954 | 10 February 1955 | 331 days | 3rd (1954 election) | Praja Socialist Party | ||
| 5 | | P. Govinda Menon | 10 February 1955 | 23 March 1956 | 1 year, 42 days | Indian National Congress | |||
| – |  | Vacant[e] (President's rule) | 23 March 1956 | 31 October 1956 | 222 days | Dissolved | N/A | ||
On 1 November 1956,Government of India enacted theStates Reorganisation Act, 1956 by which a new Kerala state was formed by the merger of Travancore-Cochin state with theMalabar district andKasaragod taluk ofSouth Canara district of theMadras State. The southern part of Travancore-Cochin,Kanyakumari district, along withSengottai Taluk was transferred to Madras state and theLaccadive andMinicoy Islands were separated from Malabar district to form a new Union Territory.[5][6] A new Legislative Assembly was also created, for which elections were held in 1957.
| No. | Name | Party | Length of term | No: of terms | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longest continuous term | Total years of premiership | |||||
| 1 | E. K. Nayanar | CPI(M) | 4 years, 361 days | 10 years, 353 days | 3 | |
| 2 | Pinarayi Vijayan | CPI(M) | 9 years, 183 days | 9 years, 183 days | 2 | |
| 3 | K. Karunakaran | INC | 4 years, 305 days | 8 years, 315 days | 4 | |
| 4 | C. Achutha Menon | CPI | 6 years, 172 days | 7 years, 80 days | 2 | |
| 5 | Oommen Chandy | INC | 5 years, 6 days | 6 years, 256 days | 2 | |
| 6 | A. K. Antony | INC | 3 years, 105 days | 5 years, 347 days | 3 | |
| 7 | V. S. Achuthanandan | CPI(M) | 4 years, 364 days | 4 years, 364 days | 1 | |
| 8 | E. M. S. Namboodiripad | CPI(M)/CPI | 2 years 240 days | 4 years 357 days | 2 | |
| 9 | Pattom A. Thanu Pillai | PSP | 2 years 216 days | 2 years 216 days | 1 | |
| 10 | R. Sankar | INC | 1 year 350 days | 1 year 350 days | 1 | |
| 11 | P. K. Vasudevan Nair | CPI | 347 days | 347 days | 1 | |
| 12 | C. H. Mohammed Koya | IUML | 53 days | 53 days | 1 | |
| No. | Political party | Number of chief ministers | Total days of holding CMO |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 4 | 10275 days |
| 2 | Indian National Congress | 4 | 8813 days |
| 3 | Communist Party of India | 3 | 3834 days |
| 4 | Praja Socialist Party | 1 | 947 days |
| 5 | Indian Union Muslim League | 1 | 53 days |
| 1957–present |  | |
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