Chicha de jora is acorn beer orchicha prepared bygerminating maize, extracting themalt sugars, boiling thewort, and fermenting it in large vessels (traditionally hugeearthenware vats) for several days. The process is essentially similar to the process for the production of European-stylebeer. Some addquinoa or other adjuncts to give it consistency before it is boiled down.Chancaca, a hard raw form of cane sugar (not refined), helps with the fermentation process.[1]
It is traditionally prepared from a specific kind of yellowmaize (jora) and is usually referred to aschicha de jora.[1] It has a pale straw color, a slightly milky appearance, and a slightly sour aftertaste, reminiscent of hard apple cider.[citation needed] It is drunk either young and sweet or mature and strong.[citation needed] It contains a relatively small amount of alcohol, 1-3%abv.[citation needed]
In some cultures, instead of germinating the maize to release the starches therein, the maize is ground, moistened in the chicha maker's mouth, and formed into small balls, which are then flattened and laid out to dry.[2] Naturally occurringptyalinenzymes in the maker's salivacatalyse the breakdown ofstarch in the maize intomaltose. This process of chewing grains or other starches was used in the production of alcoholic beverages in pre-modern cultures around the world, including, for example, some traditional forms ofsake in Japan.
Chicha de jora has been prepared and consumed in communities throughout in the Andes for millennia. TheInca used chicha for ritual purposes and consumed it in vast quantities during religious festivals. Mills in which it was probably made have been found atMachu Picchu.
During theInca Empire, women were taught the techniques of brewing chicha inAqlla Wasi (feminine schools).[3]
In recent years, however, traditionally prepared chicha is becoming increasingly rare. Only in a small number of towns and villages inBolivia,[4]Peru,Ecuador,Colombia, and inCosta Rica, is it still prepared.[5]
It is still very popular throughout southernPeru, sold in every small town and the residential neighborhoods of the larger cities. Normally sold in 'chicherias' consisting of an unused room or a corner of the patio of a home, these generally unlicensed businesses can provide a significant boost to a family's income. They are generally identified by a bamboo pole sticking out the open door, adorned with (often red) flags, flowers, ribbons or colored plastic bags.
Normally sold in largecaporal (1/2 liter) glasses to be drunk on location, or by the liter if it is taken home. Chicha is generally sold straight from the earthenwarechomba where it was brewed. In the Cuzco area, the recipient will often first offer alibation, dripping a portion of the foamy head on the ground with the phrase "Pachamama, santa tierra" (Pachamama is Quechua for "Earth Mother".Santa tierra is Spanish for "blessed ground"), a tradition dating from the time of the Spanish conquest.[citation needed] This tradition of spilling the first portion of the beverage (including beer) is a "brindis" or "toast" common in the highlands of Bolivia as well (including the capital La Paz), is explained as giving the first fruits to Mother Earth.
Chicha de Jora is reputed to be an anti-inflammatory on the prostate. Chicha may be mixed withCoca Sek, a Colombian beverage made from coca leaf.
