Chess
Concept album cover
Music	Benny Andersson Björn Ulvaeus
Lyrics	Tim Rice Björn Ulvaeus(Swedish translation)
Book	Tim Rice(West End version) Richard Nelson(Broadway version) Danny Strong(Broadway revival version)
Productions	1986West End 1988Broadway 1990 First US tour 1990 First UK tour 2010 Second UK tour 2018 West End revival 2025 Broadway revival

Chess is amusical with music byBenny Andersson andBjörn Ulvaeus of the pop groupABBA, lyrics by Ulvaeus andTim Rice, and book by Rice. The story involves a politically charged,Cold War-erachess tournament between twograndmasters, one American and the other Soviet, and their fight over a woman who manages one and falls in love with the other. Although the protagonists were not intended to represent any real individuals, the character of the American grandmaster was loosely based onBobby Fischer,^[1] while elements of the story may have been inspired by the chess careers of Russian grandmastersViktor Korchnoi andAnatoly Karpov.^[2]

Chess allegorically reflected the Cold War tensions present in the 1980s. The musical has been referred to as a metaphor for the Cold War, with the insinuation that the Cold War is itself a manipulative game.^[3] Released and staged at the height of the strong anti-communist agenda that came to be known as the "Reagan Doctrine",^[4][5]Chess addressed and satirized the hostility of the international political atmosphere of the 1980s.

As with other productions such asJesus Christ Superstar andEvita, a highly successfulconcept album was released prior to the first theatrical production in order to raise money. In the case ofChess, the concept album was released in late 1984 while the show opened in 1986 in London'sWest End, where it played for three years. A much-altered US version premiered onBroadway in 1988 with a book byRichard Nelson, but survived only for two months.Chess is frequently revised for new productions, many of which try to merge elements from both the British and American versions, but was not revived in the West End until 2019.

Chess placed seventh in aBBC Radio 2 listener poll of the UK's "Number One Essential Musicals".^[6]

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Tim Rice, a lyricist and librettist best known for musicals such asJesus Christ Superstar andEvita, had long wanted to write a musical about theCold War. During the mid-1970s, he had discussed the idea of a musical about theCuban Missile Crisis with his usual collaborator, composerAndrew Lloyd Webber, but the idea never came to fruition.

By the late 1970s, Rice had become inspired to tell his Cold War story through the prism of the long-standing United States-Soviet Union chess rivalry; he had earlier been fascinated by the political machinations of the 1972 "Match of the Century" betweenBobby Fischer andBoris Spassky.^[7] However, by the time Rice wanted to begin work on the musical in early 1979, Lloyd Webber was unavailable, as he was already at work on his next musical,Cats.

Subsequently, American producer Richard Vos suggested to Rice to work with Andersson and Ulvaeus instead, knowing that they were looking to develop and produce projects outside of ABBA. An ardent fan of the group, Rice agreed. He later wrote that he felt no reservations because "there is a sense of theatre in the ABBA style".^[8] With Vos also in attendance, Rice met with the two in Stockholm for the first time on 15 December 1981 in order to discuss the concept, and they quickly signed on to the project.

All through 1982 and 1983, the three men worked on the music and lyrics. Rice would describe the mood of particular songs he wanted, then Andersson and Ulvaeus would write and record the music and send the tapes to Rice, who would then write lyrics to fit the music, and send the resulting tapes back to Andersson and Ulvaeus and so on.

Some of the songs on the resulting album contained elements of music Andersson and Ulvaeus had previously written for ABBA. For example, the chorus of "I Know Him So Well" was based on the chorus of "I Am An A", a song from their 1977 tour,^[9] while the chorus of "Anthem" used the chord structures from the guitar solo from their 1980 ABBA song "Our Last Summer".

Ulvaeus would also provide dummy lyrics to emphasise the rhythmic patterns of the music, and since Rice found a number of these "embarrassingly good" as they were, incorporated a few in the final version. The most well known example is "One night in Bangkok makes a hard man humble".^[10] One song, which became "Heaven Help My Heart", was recorded with an entire set of lyrics, sung by ABBA'sAgnetha Fältskog with the title "Every Good Man",^[9] although none of the original lyrics from this song were used.

Partly to raise money in order to produce the show in the West End and partly to see how the material would fare with the public, it was decided to release the music as an album before any stage productions were undertaken, a strategy that had proven successful with Rice's two previous musicals,Jesus Christ Superstar andEvita.

Owing in part to the different countries in which the lyricist and composers resided, recording on thealbum musical ofChess began in Stockholm in early November 1983, with Andersson recording the many layered keyboard parts himself along with other basic work at their usualPolar Studios, and choral and orchestral work then recorded in London byThe Ambrosian Singers along with theLondon Symphony Orchestra. The album was then sound-engineered and mixed back at Polar by longtime ABBA sound engineerMichael B. Tretow.

Thedouble LP, often referred to as aconcept album oralbum musical, was released worldwide in the autumn of 1984 byRCA Records. Liner notes included with the album featured a basic synopsis of the story in multiple languages along with song lyrics and numerous photos. The music on the album was described byThe New York Times as "a sumptuously recorded... grandiose pastiche that touches half a dozen bases, fromGilbert and Sullivan to lateRodgers and Hammerstein, fromItalian opera to trendy synthesizer-based pop, all of it lavishly arranged for the London Symphony Orchestra with splashy electronic embellishments".^[11] The album featuredMurray Head,Tommy Körberg,Elaine Paige, and noted actorDenis Quilley in the role of Molokov. A single from the album, "One Night in Bangkok", with verses performed by Murray Head and choruses performed byAnders Glenmark, became a worldwide smash, reaching #3 on the USBillboard Hot 100. The duet "I Know Him So Well" byElaine Paige andBarbara Dickson held the #1 spot on the UK singles charts for four weeks, winning theIvor Novello Award in the process as the Best Selling Single ('A' Side).

On 27 October 1984, a concert version of the album was premiered by the original cast in London'sBarbican Centre and then performed in Hamburg, Amsterdam, and Paris with final presentation on 1 November inBerwaldhallen in Stockholm.^{[citation needed]}

In 1985,music videos were filmed for the songs "One Night in Bangkok", "Nobody's Side", "The Arbiter", and the ballads "I Know Him So Well" and "Pity the Child", featuring the performers from the album, directed by David G Hillier and produced by Nick Maingay. These were released together in aVHS video entitledChess Moves.^[12]

The originalconcept album received critical accolades, withRolling Stone raving that the "dazzling score covers nearly all the pop bases",^{[This quote needs a citation]}Kurt Ganzl'sBlackwell Guide to the Musical Theatre on Record telling readers about the "thrilling exposition of an exciting piece of modern musical theater occurring before the event" andTime declaring that the "rock-symphonic synthesis [was] ripe with sophistication and hummable tunes".^[13][14]

The album became a Top 10 hit in the UK, West Germany and South Africa, reached #47 on the USBillboard 200, #39 in France, #35 in Australia, and for seven weeks remained at #1 on the Swedish album chart due in no small part to the composers' Swedish heritage. The recording also received several prestigious awards, including theGoldene Europa from Germany, theEdison Award from the Netherlands, and theRockbjörn from Sweden.^{[citation needed]}

• The American –Murray Head
• The Russian –Tommy Körberg
• Florence –Elaine Paige
• Molokov –Denis Quilley
• The Arbiter –Björn Skifs
• Svetlana –Barbara Dickson

A 2014 release calledChess: The Original Recording Remastered Deluxe Edition was released in celebration of the 30th anniversary original double album. Released as a double-CD and single DVD, the album features the complete original 1984 concept recording. The remastered and expanded (deluxe) edition includes three previously unreleased bonus tracks as well as a DVD featuring a documentary and five video clips of songs from the album.^[15]

Previously unreleased bonus tracks.

Documentary:

• Magasinet Special: Chess 1984 – London Symphony Orchestra, Tommy Körberg, Elaine Paige, Murray Head, Anders Eljas, Denis Quilley, Barbara Dickson, Björn Skifs

Music videos (all of which can be found onChess Moves):

• "One Night in Bangkok" – Murray Head
• "Nobody's Side" – Elaine Paige
• "The Arbiter" – Björn Skifs
• "I Know Him So Well" – Elaine Paige, Barbara Dickson
• "Pity the Child" – Murray Head

Chess premiered in London'sWest End on 14 May 1986 at thePrince Edward Theatre.^[30] The original production was originally set to be directed byMichael Bennett, but after casting the show and commissioning the expansive set and costume designs, he withdrew from the project for health reasons and died on 2 July 1987 fromAIDS-relatedlymphoma.Trevor Nunn, who had directed the musicalsCats andLes Misérables, took over as director. Set designerRobin Wagner later told Lynn Pecktal, author of the bookSet Design, that Bennett had planned a "multimedia" show, with an elaborate tilting floor, banks of television monitors, and other technological touches. Nunn applied his realistic style to the show instead, although the basics of the mammoth set design were still present in the final production. These included threevideo walls, the main of which featured commentary from chess masterWilliam Hartston, and appearances from various BBC newsreaders rounding out the package. Costs were estimated at up to $12 million.^[31]

The London version expanded the storyline of the concept album, adding considerable newrecitative. The three principal singers from the concept album,Elaine Paige,Tommy Körberg andMurray Head reprised their roles on stage.Barbara Dickson was unable to appear, andSiobhán McCarthy played the part of Svetlana, and the cast also featuredAnthony Head, Grainne Renihan, Ria Jones,David Burt andPeter Karrie, during its three-year run. The show won theCritics' Circle Theatre Award for Best Musical^[32] and received three 1986Laurence Olivier Award nominations for Best Musical, Outstanding Performance by an Actor (Tommy Körberg) and Outstanding Performance by an Actress (Elaine Paige).^[33] The production closed on 8 April 1989.^[34]

The premiere of the musical provoked an overall mixed to favourable verdict from the critics and, according toVariety, created "one of the bigger West End mob scenes in recent memory". Most of the naysaying notices had comments ranging from "far too long" and "shallow, improbable story masquerading as a serious musical" fromThe Sunday Times toThe Guardian's conclusion that, "A musical is only as good as itsbook, and here one is confronted by an inchoate mess."^[35] Other newspapers posted rave reviews however.The Daily Telegraph wrote that the show was "gift-wrapped and gorgeous...compels admiration",The Times noted that "it turns out to be a fine piece of work that shows the dinosaur mega-musical evolving into an intelligent form of life" andToday called it "gripping, eye-catching.. nearly a major triumph".^{[citation needed]} In addition, Michael Ratcliffe wrote inObserver that the "operetta plot which would have delighted a matureLehar is dramatised in a buoyant, eclectic and stirring theatre-score" and called Körberg "the indisputable star of the show".^{[citation needed]}Sheridan Morley inInternational Herald Tribune complimented the show's "remarkably coherent dramatic shape" and "staging of considerable intelligence and invention".^{[citation needed]}

The president of theInternational Chess Federation—theArbiter—speculates on the origins of the game of chess ("Story of Chess") before announcing the location of the upcomingworld chess championship:Merano, Italy. As the townsfolk prepare for the occasion ("Merano"), the current world champion, Freddie Trumper of the United States, arrives with hissecond and presumed lover: Hungarian-born, English-raised Florence Vassy ("Freddie's Entrance"). Florence confronts Freddie about his brash behavior and rocky relationship with the press ("Commie Newspapers"), which immediately gets out of hand when heassaults a journalist who questions his relationship with Florence ("Press Conference"). Meanwhile, Freddie's Soviet Russian challenger, Anatoly Sergievsky, argues with his own second, the scheming Molokov ("Anatoly and Molokov"). Afterwards, in private, Anatoly cynically reflects on theselling out of his dreams to get to where he is today ("Where I Want to Be").

The opening ceremony features the American and Soviet delegates each vowing their side will win ("Diplomats"), the Arbiter insisting on a clean game ("The Arbiter"), and marketers looking to make a profit ("Hymn to Chess" / "Merchandisers"). During the increasingly intense match, Freddie suddenly throws the chessboard to the floor and storms out of the arena ("Chess #1"), leaving Florence to negotiate with Anatoly, Molokov, and the Arbiter ("Quartet"). Florence manages to arrange a meeting between the two players, after trading heated words with Molokov. It turns out that Freddie engineered the outburst in the hopes of extracting more money from his sponsor, an Americansensationalist media company called Global Television, though Walter de Courcey — the company's representative in Freddie's delegation — criticizes the stunt as ludicrous ("Florence and Molokov"). Florence later scolds Freddie, and they fight about the politics of the tournament until he viciously turns the argument toward her missing father, believed captured or killed by Soviet forces during the1956 Hungarian Revolution ("1956: Budapest is Rising"). She laments the situation alone ("Nobody's Side") before heading off to the Merano Mountain Inn for the reconciliatory meeting she has scheduled between Freddie and Anatoly ("Der Kleine Franz"). Freddie does not immediately turn up, though, leaving Anatoly and Florence awkwardly alone together; however, they eventually embrace as romantic feelings arise before being finally interrupted by Freddie, who was working out new financial terms with Global TV ("Mountain Duet").

The chess match proceeds. Distracted by the loss of Florence's love, however, Freddie flounders, leaving himself just one more loss away from losing his title ("Chess #2"). Due to Freddie's atrocious attitude, Florence finally deserts him ("Florence Quits"), whereby Freddie ponders how his unhappy childhood left him the man he is today ("Pity the Child"). He sends the Arbiter a letter of resignation, resulting in Anatoly becoming the new world champion. Anatoly immediatelydefects from the Soviet Union and seeks asylum at the British embassy ("Defection" / "Embassy Lament"). Florence, accompanying Anatoly, reflects on their newfound romance ("Heaven Help My Heart"). Meanwhile, Walter tips off the press about this scandal. When the mob of reporters ambush Anatoly and ask why he is deserting his country ("Anatoly and the Press"), he tells them that he will never truly leave his homeland. ("Anthem").

A year later, Anatoly is set to defend his championship inBangkok, Thailand ("Golden Bangkok"). Freddie is already there, chatting up locals and experiencing theBangkok nightlife ("One Night in Bangkok"); he is Global TV's official commentator for the match. Florence and Anatoly are now openly lovers, and worry about Freddie's sudden reappearance as well as the impending arrival of Anatoly's estranged wife, Svetlana, from Russia ("One More Opponent" / "You and I"), which Anatoly suspects is part of Molokov's plan to shame him into returning to the Soviet Union. Molokov, meanwhile, has trained a new protégé, Leonid Viigand, to challenge, defeat, and humiliate Anatoly ("The Soviet Machine").

Walter, now Freddie's boss, manipulates Freddie into embarrassing Anatoly on live TV during an eventually heated interview between them ("The Interview"). Molokov, who indeed is responsible for Svetlana's presence in Bangkok, blackmails her into urging Anatoly tothrow the match. Walter, who has been promised the release of certain captured American agents if he can ruin Anatoly's performance, informs Florence that her father is still alive though imprisoned, and that he too will be released if she can convince Anatoly to lose. Despite Molokov and Walter's efforts, none of their ploys work to get Anatoly to throw the game. As a result, Molokov and Walter team up to get Freddie to personally persuade Anatoly and Florence, knowing that Freddie is vengeful toward Anatoly and interested in winning back the love of Florence; however, Freddie's attempts also fail ("The Deal").

Surprisingly, Svetlana and Florence end up bonding over their respective relationships with Anatoly. Florence ultimately admits that it would be best for Anatoly to return to his children and Svetlana, while Svetlana accepts that Anatoly has long fallen out of love with her ("I Know Him So Well"). Anatoly, meanwhile, follows an anonymous letter guiding him toWat Pho, where Freddie appears to tell him that he is willing to put their conflict behind him. Having decided that he only wants Anatoly to "be true to the game", Freddie informs Anatoly of a significant flaw in Viigand's strategy that will help Anatoly win ("Talking Chess").

In the deciding game of the match, with the score tied at five games all, Anatoly's mind is torn between his devotion to the game and winning and the impact it has on his family and his lover. In his imagination, Svetlana castigates Anatoly for wallowing in the crowd's empty praise and Florence expresses similar annoyance at him for casting aside his ideals; regardless, Anatoly decides to remain true to the game and achieves a superb victory against Viigand ("Endgame"). Later, Florence confesses her feelings that he should return to his family in the Soviet Union. The pair reflects on the conclusion of their romance ("You and I: Reprise").

Walter later approaches Florence with the news that Anatoly has defected back to the USSR, meaning that her father will certainly be released. He startlingly admits, however, that no one actually knows if her father is still alive. Florence breaks down, realising that she too has been used, and she sadly mirrors Anatoly's earlier sentiment that her only borders lie around her heart ("Anthem: Reprise").

• Frederick Trumper, The American –Murray Head
• Florence Vassy –Elaine Paige
• Anatoly Sergievsky, The Russian –Tommy Körberg
• Alexander Molokov – John Turner
• Walter de Courcey –Kevin Colson
• The Arbiter – Tom Jobe
• Svetlana Sergievsky –Siobhán McCarthy
• Mayor of Merano – Richard Mitchell
• T.V. Presenter –Peter Karrie
• Civil Servants – Richard Lyndon, Paul Wilson
• Tea Lady - Julie Armstrong

^† The multiple songs listed here are often merged on recordings into a single track.
^‡ Song is alternately titled "U.S. vs. U.S.S.R."
^§ This song actually originated with the American (Broadway) version of the musical, but has since been also included in productions and recordings otherwise adhering to the British version. Its placement varies; this is the placement used by the 2008 Royal Albert Hall concert.

After the West End production, the creative team decided to reimagine the show from the top down, leading to a second major stage version of the musical intended for American audiences, with considerable differences from the British version in both plot and music. Trevor Nunn brought in playwrightRichard Nelson to recreate the musical as a straightforward "book show" forBroadway audiences. Nunn brought in new, younger principals after he disqualified Paige from the role of Florence by insisting Nelson recreate the character as an American. The story changed drastically, with different settings, characters, and many different plot elements, although the basic plot remained the same.^{[citation needed]} Benny Andersson toldVariety: "The main difference between London and here is that in London there is only about two or three minutes of spoken dialog. Here, in order to clarify some points, it is almost one-third dialog".^{[citation needed]} The score was reordered, and comparisons of the Broadway cast recording and the original concept album reveal the dramatic extent of the changes. Robin Wagner designed a new set, which featured mobile towers that shifted continuously throughout the show, in an attempt to give it a sense of cinematic fluidity.^{[citation needed]}

The first preview on 11 April 1988 ran 4 hours with a 90-minute intermission (the stage crew reportedly had problems with the sets); by opening night on 28 April, it was down to 3 hours 15 minutes. But despite a healthy box-office advance, the Broadway production did not manage to sustain a consistently large audience and closed on 25 June, after 17 previews and 68 regular performances. "And there I was, on closing night, singing and sobbing along", later wroteTime magazine criticRichard Corliss.^{[citation needed]} Overall, the show (capitalized at $6 million) since its opening, according toVariety, "has been doing moderate business, mainly on the strength of theater party advances".^{[citation needed]}Gerald Schoenfeld, co-producer of the show, noted: "The musical had been playing to about 80 percent capacity, which is considered good, but about 50 percent of the audience have held special, half-priced tickets. If we filled the house at 100 percent at half price, we'd go broke and I haven't seen any surge of tourist business yet this season. The show needs a $350,000 weekly gross to break even, but only a few weeks since its April 28 opening have reached that.... You have to consider what your grosses are going to be in the future".^[36]

The Broadway production was nominated for several major awards. It got five nods from theDrama Desk Awards: Outstanding Actor in a Musical (David Carroll), Outstanding Actress in a Musical (Judy Kuhn), Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical (Harry Goz), Outstanding Music (Andersson and Ulvaeus) and Outstanding Lighting Design (David Hersey). Carroll and Kuhn also receivedTony Award nominations in Leading Actor in a Musical and Leading Actress in a Musical categories. None of the nominations resulted in a win, butPhilip Casnoff received a 1988Theatre World Award for Best Debut Performance. The Original Broadway Cast recording of the musical was nominated for the 1988Grammy Award in the category Best Musical Cast Show Album (won byInto the Woods).^[37]

Later, the musical developed a cult following based primarily on the score (Frank Rich noted in his bookHot Seat that "the score retains its devoted fans"), while Nelson's book received more mixed notices. Many attempts were made to fix the Broadway version's perceived problems.^{[citation needed]} In 2001, in an interview with theSan Francisco Chronicle, Tim Rice admitted that after the "comparative failure ofChess, his all-time favourite, he became disillusioned with theatre." He commented, "It may sound arrogant, butChess is as good as anything I've ever done. And maybe it costs too much brainpower for the average person to follow it".^{[citation needed]}

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Many critics panned the show, most notablyFrank Rich ofThe New York Times, who wrote that "the evening has the theatrical consistency of quicksand" and described it as "a suite of temper tantrums, [where] the characters ... yell at one another to rock music".^[38] Howard Kissel ofNew York Daily News complained that "the show is shrilly overamplified" and "neither of the love stories is emotionally involving", whileNewsweek magazine called the show a "Broadway's monster" and opined that "Chess assaults the audience with a relentless barrage of scenes and numbers that are muscle-bound with self-importance".

A few reviewers, however, praised it highly.William A. Henry III wrote an exceptionally sympathetic review inTime: "Clear narrative drive, Nunn's cinematic staging, three superb leading performances by actors willing to be complex and unlikeable and one of the best rock scores ever produced in the theater. This is an angry, difficult, demanding and rewarding show, one that pushes the boundaries of the form" (Time, 9 May 1988). His sentiments were echoed by William K. Gale inProvidence Journal: "A show with a solid, even wonderfully old-fashioned story that still has a bitter-sweet, rough-edged view of the world ... exciting, dynamic theater ... a match of wit and passion."

Richard Christiansen ofChicago Tribune suggested that "Chess falters despite new strategy", yet concluded his review: "Audiences forgive a lot of failings when they find a show that touches them with its music, andChess, clumsy and overblown as it sometimes is in its three hours-plus running time, gives them that heart".Welton Jones wrote inThe San Diego Union-Tribune thatChess "has one of the richest, most exciting scores heard on Broadway in years ... Sadly, the music has been encumbered with an overwritten book and an uninspired staging ... Truly, this is a score to be treasured, held ransom by a questionable book and production".

All critics agreed, though, on the three leading performances byJudy Kuhn,David Carroll andPhilip Casnoff. They were showered with praise – "splendid and gallant" (Newsweek), "powerful singers" (The New York Times), "remarkably fine" (New York Post) – especially Kuhn, whose performanceVariety called a "show's chief pleasure".

Benny Andersson commented inVariety on the negative Broadway reviews: "I really don't know why they don't like it. ... I do know that most of the audiences so far stand up and cheer for everyone at the end. They appear to get emotionally involved with the show, and they really like it."

The musical's American incarnation has noticeably different settings, lyrics, song orders, and a completely different Act 2 from the British version. In particular, in the AmericanChess the entire show is about one chess match, not two. Act 1 involves the first part of the match, which is held in Bangkok, Thailand, while Act 2 handles the conclusion, and is set in Budapest, Hungary. Also, the incumbent champion is switched in the American version (that is, to Anatoly Sergievsky rather than Freddie Trumper) as is the winner of the Sergievsky–Trumper tournament.

In 1956, aHungarian revolutionary, Gregor Vassy, calmly explains to his 4-year-old daughter, Florence, the history of chess, before the two are separated in the midst of a violentrebellion in Budapest ("Prologue" / "The Story of Chess").

Decades later at an international chess tournament inBangkok, Thailand, the wild-tempered American challenger, Freddie Trumper, arrives with hissecond and presumed lover: a now-adult Florence ("Freddie's Entrance"). At a press meeting, Freddie loses his temper with the reporters as Florence scolds them for theirsensationalism ("Press Conference"). The current world champion, a Soviet Russian named Anatoly Sergievsky, discusses this with his second, Molokov. Afterwards, in private, Anatoly cynically reflects on how his career as world champion has been characterized by empty fame ("Where I Want to Be"). Meanwhile, Florence grows frustrated with Freddie's seedy financial agent, Walter, and complains to Freddie that her intellectual capabilities are under-appreciated ("Argument").

The opening ceremony features merchandise vendors and Walter relishing in the tournament's money-making opportunities ("Merchandisers"); the American and Soviet delegates each vowing their side will win ("Diplomats"); and the beginning of the tournament's first round ("Chess #1"). When Anatoly begins eating yogurt during the match, Freddie accuses him of cheating before storming out of the arena, leaving Florence to negotiate with the tournament's Arbiter, Molokov, and Anatoly, eventually promising to retrieve Freddie ("Quartet"). Florence later scolds Freddie, and they fight about the tournament's politics until he viciously turns the argument toward her missing father ("The American and Florence"); alone, Florence begins to realize her need to abandon Freddie ("Someone Else's Story").

Instead of heading off to the Generous Sole restaurant for the reconciliatory meeting Florence has scheduled between Freddie and Anatoly, Freddie is sidetracked by the Bangkok nightlife ("One Night in Bangkok"), leaving Anatoly and Florence awkwardly alone together; however, they eventually embrace as romantic feelings arise before being finally interrupted by Freddie ("Terrace Duet" / "Who'd Ever Think It?"). Anatoly apologizes for the yogurt incident and Freddie returns to the match, but only after a hefty bribe. Distracted by the loss of Florence's love, however, Freddie flounders, finishing the most recent round with one win and five losses; one more loss will cost him the match (Chess #2). Furious, he blames his issues on Florence, who finally leaves him as he reflects on his stature ("Florence Quits" / "A Taste of Pity"). Florence contemplates her new freedom from Freddie ("Nobody's Side"), while Walter secretly arranges for Anatoly to defect from the Soviet Union to the United States. When a mob of reporters ambush Anatoly and ask about his newfound relationship with Florence and why he is deserting his country ("Reporters"), he tells them that he will never truly leave his homeland ("Anthem").

Eight weeks later, everyone is inBudapest to witness the conclusion of the match between Anatoly and Freddie ("The Arbiter" / "Hungarian Folk Song"). Florence is elated to be back in her hometown, but dismayed that she remembers none of it ("Heaven Help My Heart"). Molokov offers to help her find her missing father and starts "investigating". Freddie, under protestations from Walter, is confident that he will win ("Winning"). Florence and Anatoly are now openly lovers, though their relationship is complicated by the arrival of Svetlana, Anatoly's estranged wife, in Budapest ("You and I"). Anatoly discovers that Molokov is threatening his brother's family to get him to return to Russia and begins to break down, losing a string of matches and leaving the score tied at five games all ("Freddie Goes Metal"). Molokov and Walter, interested in exchanging key individuals for their respective countries, collaborate to achieve their separate goals ("Let's Work Together"), and Molokov reveals to Walter that Florence's father is alive in Budapest, who in turn reveals this to Florence. Pressured by this information and the strain on her relationship with Anatoly, Florence turns to Svetlana for solace ("I Know Him So Well"). Anatoly, having heard the news of Florence's father, cannot focus on the match at hand, and so Florence asks Freddie for a postponement, but he refuses and breaks down on live television, reflecting how his broken childhood made him who he is today ("Pity the Child"). In the meantime, Molokov brings Florence to see a man claiming to be her father and the two joyously reconnect ("Father's Lullaby").

In the deciding game of the match, Anatoly resolves to ensure that Florence is reunited with her father. He thus chooses to recant his defection and makes a tactical error during the game. Freddie immediately takes advantage of the blunder and proceeds to win the tournament, becoming the new world champion ("Endgame"). Florence and Anatoly reflect on the conclusion of their romance ("You and I: Reprise").

Florence is left alone to wait for her father when she is approached by Walter, who confesses that the old man is not her father, who is most likely dead. It seems that Molokov struck a deal with Walter that if the Russians managed to get Anatoly back, they would release a captured American spy; using Florence, they succeeded. Florence has now left Freddie, been abandoned by Anatoly, and lost the father she never had, realising that she too has been used, and she sadly mirrors Anatoly's earlier sentiment that her only borders lie around her heart ("Anthem: Reprise").

• Frederick Trumper, The American –Philip Casnoff
• Florence Vassy –Judy Kuhn
• Anatoly Sergievsky, The Russian –David Carroll
• Ivan Molokov –Harry Goz
• Walter Anderson –Dennis Parlato
• Arbiter – Paul Harman
• Svetlana Sergievsky –Marcia Mitzman
• Gregor Vassy – Neal Ben-Ari
• Young Florence – Gina Gallagher
• Nikolai – Kurt Johns
• Joe and Harold (embassy officials) – Richard Muenz and Eric Johnson
• Ben – Kip Niven

^† This song appears on the Broadway cast album, but was deleted from production and is not found in the script licensed for production.
^‡ This song features in productions, but it was not recorded for the Broadway album.
^§ The titles here refer to the published score names of the songs. Several songs in the American version are identified by alternative titles. "Freddie's Entrance" is also called "What a Scene! What a Joy!"; "Argument" is called "How Many Women"; "Diplomats" is called "U.S. vs. U.S.S.R."; "American and Florence" is called "You Want to Lose Your Only Friend?"; "Florence Quits" is called "So You Got What You Want"; "Reporters" is called "Anatoly and the Press"; "Winning" is called "No Contest"; and "Freddie Goes Metal" is called "A Whole New Board Game".

Soon after the show closed on Broadway, a concert version was performed in January 1989 atCarnegie Hall by the original cast in a sold-out benefit performance. In September of that year, Judy Kuhn, original broadway Florence, and two principals from the West End production company (Körberg and Head), gave concerts of the musical inSkellefteå, Sweden, during the finals of the 1989 chess World Cup tournament.

The seven-month-long 1990 American tour acknowledged the ending of theCold War. The tour starredCarolee Carmello, John Herrera, andStephen Bogardus and was staged byDes McAnuff. Playwright Robert Coe worked with McAnuff on revising the show, mostly using the Nelson script and restoring most of the original song order from the British version of the musical and deleting the new songs written for the American version.^{[citation needed]} A UK tour starringRebecca Storm and mostly based on the London production, was a bigger success.^{[citation needed]}

Once theSoviet Union fell, the modernization attempts died out: A Tim Rice rewrite played a brief runoff Broadway in 1992 and set the show back to 1972.^[39] In 1990, a production was staged at theMarriott Theatre inLincolnshire, Illinois.^[40] Directed by David H. Bell and starring Susie McMonagle, David Studwell andKim Strauss,^[41] it featured another reworking of the Nelson script.

A 1990 production in Sydney, Australia, directed byJim Sharman, was a critical and popular success at theTheatre Royal. It used a new version of the book rewritten primarily by Rice to streamline the plot, using parts from each of the previous versions, as well as his original conception for the American version. It starred Jodie Gillies as Florence, David McLeod as Frederick, and Robbie Krupski as Anatoly, and featuredJohn Wood as Alexander, David Whitney as Walter, Laurence Clifford as the Arbiter, andMaria Mercedes as Svetlana. The action was shifted to an international hotel in Bangkok during the chess championships. No cast recording was made of this version. Both acts took place at a single chess match in a single city (Bangkok) in the late 1980s. Florence's nationality was changed from Hungarian to Czech, with an accompanying change in the lyrics of "The American and Florence" from "Budapest is rising" to "Prague andMr. Dubček". The shift in time also led to a considerably different atmosphere, and a line changed in "Embassy Lament" addressing the fall of the Berlin Wall. As in the British version, Anatoly defects from the Soviet Union, wins the match, then decides to return to the Soviet Union at the end, leading to the possibility that Florence's father, if he is still alive, will be released from prison. Many of the numbers from the British version were lengthened considerably, with an extended "One Night in Bangkok" near the top of the show. "Heaven Help My Heart" ended the first act, with "Anthem" and "Someone Else's Story" (sung by Svetlana with new lyrics) in the second. "The Soviet Machine" and "The Deal" were also extended considerably.^{[citation needed]} A later Australian production played at the Princess Theatre, Melbourne, in 1997, withBarbara Dickson as Florence (she had sung Svetlana on the original studio cast album). Co-stars includedDerek Metzger andDaryl Braithwaite.^{[citation needed]}

In 1992, there was a production directed byRob Marshall staged atPaper Mill Playhouse. The production starredSteve Blanchard as the American, Judy McLane as Florence, Keith Rice as the Russian,David Cryer as Molokov,P. J. Benjamin as Walter, John DeLuca as the Arbiter, and Susan Dawn Carson as Svetlana.^[42][43]

In 1994, Chess in Concert toured cities in Sweden. The songs and lyrics were largely identical to the original album, with the addition of "Someone Else's Story" from the American version and "The Soviet Machine" from the British version. The cast includedAnders Glenmark as Frederick,Karin Glenmark as Florence, andTommy Körberg reprising his role from previous productions as Anatoly. A concert performance at Eriksbergshallen inGothenburg was recorded.

In 1995, a Los Angeles production at Hollywood's Hudson Theater received critical praise. It starredDouglas Sills as Freddie,Marcia Mitzman (who played Svetlana in the first Broadway production) as Florence and Sean Smith as Anatoly. For their performances both Mitzman and Smith won anOvation Award and a Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award.^{[citation needed]}Chess toured in the UK in 1996. The cast included Jacqui Scott, and "Nobody's Side" was used as the finale.^{[citation needed]}

In 1996-1997 elements ofChess were incorporated in the RussianMossovet Theatre musical "Igra", along with other songs ofBjörn Ulvaeus andBenny Andersson,The Beatles, and other hits of 1960-80s. Russian lyrics were penned by Yaroslav Kesler, who also worked on Mossovet's staging ofJesus Christ Superstar. "Igra" in general was presented as follow up to the famous rock-opera and featured mostly same group of artists and producers, but survived just one season.^[44]

A Danish tour began in 2001. The English-language version starred mostly British principals, directed byCraig Revel Horwood. A two-CD album was released, titledChess: Complete Cast Album, the only major complete recording of the British version of the musical (plus the addition of the American version's "Someone Else's Story" for Svetlana in Act 2). The production also followed the British version of the plot, though later performances used a much shorter, trimmed-down version closer to the original concept album. The cast includedZubin Varla as Frederick, Emma Kershaw as Florence,Stig Rossen as Anatoly, Simon Clark as Alexander, andJames Graeme as Walter,Gunilla Backman as Svetlana, and Michael Cormick as the Arbiter.^[45]

A 2002 Swedish-language version,Chess på svenska, with lyrics and book by Björn Ulvaeus, Lars Rudolffson, andJan Mark, attempted to streamline the story back to its original form and eliminate political aspects. It featured new musical numbers (Svetlana's "Han är en man, han är ett barn" ("He is a man, he is a child") and Molokov's "Glöm mig om du kan" ("Forget me if you can" from the demo song "When The Waves Roll Out to Sea")) and focused on material from the concept album. Cast members includedTommy Körberg, reprising his role as Anatolij,Helen Sjöholm as Florence,Josefin Nilsson as Svetlana,Anders Ekborg as Freddie andPer Myrberg as Alexander. It was filmed for Swedish television, and has been released on a Swedish-language DVD. It was nominated for eight national Swedish Theatre AwardsGuldmasken, winning six, including Best Leading Actress (Sjöholm), Best Leading Actor (Körberg), and Best Stage Design (Robin Wagner). The cast CD "Chess På Svenska" peaked at number 2 on the Swedish album chart.^{[citation needed]}

An Actors Fund of America Benefit Concert was given in 2003 in theNew Amsterdam Theater on Broadway. It was produced without set or costume changes, and with the orchestra onstage. The show was a combination of both the American and British versions, mostly following the British version with regard to music but the American version with regard to the plot, though the American version's subplot with Florence's father was cut. Act 1 was set in Merano, and Act 2 was set in Bangkok, like in the British version. The show, which was recorded, was directed by Peter Flynn, choreographed byChristopher Gattelli and conducted bySeth Rudetsky. The cast includedAdam Pascal as Frederick,Julia Murney as Florence, a young 22 year oldJosh Groban as Anatoly,Norm Lewis as Molokov,Jonathan Dokuchitz as Walter,Raúl Esparza as the Arbiter, andSutton Foster as Svetlana.^[46]

The Estonian production premiered in 2006 at the theatreVanemuine inTartu. The cast includedKoit Toome andGerli Padar as Freddie and Florence, respectively.

A concert version was presented in 2007 at the Ford Amphitheatre, Los Angeles, California, mixing the British and American versions. The cast includedSusan Egan as Svetlana,Kevin Earley as Anatoly,Ty Taylor as Freddie,Cindy Robinson as Florence, Thomas Griffith as Alexander, andMatthew Morrison as the Arbiter. The concert was directed by Brian Michael Purcell. A portion of the proceeds went to Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS.^[47] A German-language version premiered in 2008 at StaatsoperetteDresden. It ran two seasons until 2010.^[48]

In 2008, Heartaches andWarner Bros. Records produced a two-performance concert version ofChess in Concert[1] together with the City of London Philharmonic Orchestra, directed byHugh Wooldridge at theRoyal Albert Hall. This version, adapted by Tim Rice and Hugh Wooldridge with some new lyrics, including almost no dialogue, and substantially following the British version in plot and music, was recorded and released as a 2-CDcast album and DVD, both titledChess in Concert. It was also broadcast on American PBS channels in June 2009.^[49] Tim Rice stated in the concert's programme that this version ofChess is the "official version", after years of different plot and song combinations. Though the plot and score is almost entirely based on that of the British version, this version also adds in two American-originated songs: "Prologue" and "Someone Else's Story". The cast includedAdam Pascal reprising his role as Frederick,Idina Menzel as Florence,Josh Groban, who was then 27 years old at the time of the show, reprising his role as Anatoly,Kerry Ellis as Svetlana,Marti Pellow as the Arbiter,David Bedella as Molokov, andClarke Peters as Walter. The Civil Servants (in "Embassy Lament") were sung byCantabile^[50]

In 2009, the first official Italian production (in Italian language) took place in Firenze, then replicated in Prato (2010), Campi Bisenzio-FI (2011), and Siena (2011). The cast included Alberto Putignano/Emanuele Nardoni as Frederick, Irene Vavolo/Alessandra D'Onofrio as Florence, Piercarlo Ballo as Anatoly, Ilaria Bongini/Giulia Gazzeri as Svetlana, Riccardo Andreoni as the Arbiter, Maurizio Capuana as Molokov, and Matteo Gazzeri/Marco Davide Toci as Walter. Direction by Piercarlo Ballo.

A Hungarian revival ofChess ran in 2010 in Budapest. This concert production closely followed the script of the Royal Albert Hall production of 2008, though the songs "Hymn of Chess", "The Merchandisers", "The Arbiter" (reprise) and "Talking Chess" were cut. It was produced by PS Produkció and directed by Cornelius Baltus. The Hungarian lyrics were written by Ágnes Romhányi and the choreographer wasKaren Bruce.^[51]

The first major American revival ofChess since 1993 ran at theSignature Theatre inArlington, Virginia in 2010.^[52] The show followed the story of the American version, though it streamlined the book and reordered some of the songs. It was directed byEric D. Schaeffer. The cast includedJeremy Kushnier as Freddie,Euan Morton as Anatoly, andJill Paice as Florence.^[53][54]

A production directed byCraig Revel Horwood toured for 10 months in the UK, Italy and Ireland in 2010–2011. It was an actor-musician production, with 25 out of the 30 cast members playing instruments. Changes to the libretto included the removal of "Merano" and "Walter and Florence". The cast includedJames Fox as Frederick, Shona White as Florence, Daniel Koek as Anatoly, Steve Varnom as Alexander,James Graeme as Walter, David Erik as the Arbiter, and Poppy Tierney as Svetlana.^[55]Mirvish Productions staged a Toronto run in 2011 at thePrincess of Wales Theatre, following the UK tour, using most of the UK Tour cast withTam Mutu taking over the role of Anatoly andRebecca Lock as Svetlana.

Another German version (with the songs performed in English) was produced by theTheater Bielefeld (Municipal Theatre Bielefeld) inBielefeld, Germany in 2011–2012.^[56]

A one-night concert was given atLincoln Center, in New York in 2012, billed as "Chess in Concept 2012: A benefit performance for the Actors Fund of America". The cast includedRobert Cuccioli as Anatoly, Natascia Diaz as Florence,Drew Sarich as Frederick, and Tamra Hayden as Svetlana. This version returned to the original concept album for its musical structure, Tim Rice's original scenario, and incorporated virtually all of the British score. It was produced and directed, and the score was arranged, by Christopher Martin.^[57]

A New Zealand production ofChess ran in 2012, in theRegent On Broadway, directed by Steven Sayer. The show was produced by the Abbey Musical Theatre.^[58] A 2012 Melbourne, Australia production was directed byGale Edwards and mounted byThe Production Company.^[59] The cast featuredMartin Crewes as Frederick,Michael Falzon as the Arbiter,Silvie Paladino as Florence, andSimon Gleeson as Anatoly,^[60] It was staged at the State Theatre, backed byOrchestra Victoria.^[61] The role of the Arbiter was expanded slightly by sharing Florence's song "Nobody's Side".^[62] The show ran for 10 performances^[63] and was nominated for twelveGreen Room Awards in 2012,^[64] eventually winning seven.^[65]Chess was also nominated for two 2013Helpmann Awards,^[66] with Paladino winningActress in a Leading Role.^[67]

In 2012, the GöteborgsOperan (Gothenburg Opera, Sweden) ran the Swedish-language version,Chess på Svenska, under the direction of Mira Bartov. The musical ran until the Fall of 2013. The roles of Anatoly and Freddie were played by Philip Jalmelid andChristopher Wollter. Evelyn Jons played Florence and Nina Pressing played Svetlana.

East West Players staged a revival of the UK version ofChess with a multi-cultural cast in 2013 at theDavid Henry Hwang Theatre in Los Angeles, California, directed byTim Dang. The production garnered a positive review from theLos Angeles Times.^[68]

A South Korean production opened in 2015, with k-pop starsJo Kwon,CNU,Key, andKen quadruple-cast as Anatoly.^[69][70]

Porchlight Music Theatre presentedChess as a part of their "Porchlight Revisits" season in which they present three forgotten musicals per year. It was in Chicago, Illinois in May 2016. It was directed by Artistic Director Michael Weber, choreographed by Brenda Didier, and music directed by Jimmy Morehead.^[71]

In 2017, a Swedish theatre group, UnderhållningsPatrullen, presented the Swedish-language version,Chess på Svenska, at the Kristianstad Theatre, with a premiere date of 23 September 2017.^[72] The production included a reduced orchestration byAnders Eljas, to introduce a new version for future productions better suited to smaller theatre venues. The roles of Anatoly, Florence, and Freddie were played by Johan Wikström, Frida Modén Treichl, and Patrik Martinsson. Hanna la Fleur performed as Svetlana, Peter Järnstedt plays Molokov, and David Rix played the Arbiter. The production was directed by Ola Hörling. The Kristianstad production ran for an expanded schedule and finally closed in December 2017 after 47 shows.

A limited-run West End revival began at theLondon Coliseum on 26 April 2018 through 2 June 2018, officially opening on 1 May 2018. Billed as the first revival of the show in 30 years, the production was directed by Laurence Connor, with choreography byStephen Mear.^[73] The cast includedMichael Ball as Anatoly, Phillip Browne as Molokov,Alexandra Burke as Svetlana, Cedric Neal as the Arbiter,Tim Howar as Freddie andCassidy Janson as Florence.^[74] Described as a new interpretation of the original concept album, the production kept the first act in Merano and the second in Bangkok, and included all songs from the concept album (including "Argument"), along with the popular "Someone Else's Story", removed the character of Walter entirely, and dropped the final twist of Florence's father never having been found after all, instead ending on the bittersweet parting of Florence and Anatoly amidst the triumphant crescendo of You And I.

After a table reading, a revival of the musical with a restructured storyline penned byDanny Strong was directed byMichael Mayer.^[75] The production had a pre-Broadway tryout in theEisenhower Theater at theKennedy Center from 14 to 18 February 2018. The cast includedRaúl Esparza as Freddie,Ramin Karimloo as Anatoly,Karen Olivo as Florence,Ruthie Ann Miles as Svetlana,Bradley Dean as Molokov,Sean Allan Krill as Walter de Courcey, andBryce Pinkham as the Arbiter.^[76][77][78] This production, though keeping much of the original plot of the 1986 West End production, expanded on it significantly. Each act had a political background: Act One, set in 1979, centered on negotiations for theSALT-II treaty, and Act Two, set four years later, centered on suspicions surrounding theAble Archer 83 exercises. Walter no longer had a cover and was openly a CIA agent. Freddie was portrayed as havingparanoid schizophrenia, and the show ended with Florence's father being released.

Chess played at the Umeda Arts Theater Main Hall in Osaka, Japan (25–28 January 2020) and at the Tokyo International Forum Hall C in Tokyo (1–9 February).Ramin Karimloo played Anatoly withSamantha Barks as Florence, Luke Walsh as Freddie, Takanori Sato as the Arbiter, Eliana as Svetlana, and Hideya Masuhara as Molokov. The ensemble included Megumi Iino, Hiroaki Ito, Takashi Otsuka, Kana Okamoto, Naoki Shibahara, Tatsunori Senna, Kota Someya, Tomohiko Nakai, Nanaka, Ai Ninomiya, Ami Norimatsu, Maaya Harada, Kan Muto, Daisuke Moriyama, Sayaka Watabiki, and Kiyoka Wada. The show was directed and choreographed by Nick Winston. In February 2020, Oslo's Folkteateret began previews for a new production based onChess på svenska. This was put on hold due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and finally opened on 24 August 2022. It starred André Søfteland as Anatolij, Espen Grjotheim as Freddie, Karoline Krüger as Florence, Marion Ravn as Svetlana, Øystein Røger as Molokov, and Elisabeth Andreassen as the Arbiter. On 7 July 2022, the production released a cast album.

On 17 October 2020, the first Russian production ofChess premiered at the MDM Theatre inMoscow.^[79] It was produced byDmitriy Bogachov, the former head of Stage Entertainment Russia, founder of Moscow Broadway, and member of The Broadway League. The opening had been scheduled for 10 October, but was moved a week later. The cast included Aleksandr Sukhanov and Kirill Gordeev as Anatoly,Anastasia Stotskaya, Olga Belyaeva, and Yulia Iva as Florence, the Aleksandrs, Aleksandr Kazmin and Aleksandr Bobrov as Freddie, Anna Guchenkova and Yulia Iva as Svetlana, Stanislav Belyaev and Denis Demkiv as the Arbiter, and the two Aleksandrs, Aleksandr Marakulin, Aleksandr Matrosov, and Andrey Shkoldychenko as Molokov.^[80] The lyrics were translated byAleksei Ivaschenko (Nord-Ost, Russian versions ofThe Phantom of the Opera,The Sound of Music). The show was mostly based on the West End version, but took many cues from the original concept album. The prologue is set in Moscow, as in the Swedish version, and the rest of the show is set in Merano (Act I) and Bangkok (Act II). Walter was omitted and the songs "Merchandisers", "Florence and Molokov", "Anatoly and the Press", "One More Opponent", "Talking Chess" and "Finale" were removed. The song "Argument" was included. The chess games played on stage are actual historical chess games:Karpov-Korchnoi (1978) andSpassky-Fischer (1972) in Act I, andKarjakin-Caruana (2016) in Act II. Starting 7 April 2020, the omitted song "Merchandisers" was performed by the chorus in the theater lobby during intermission. The production closed on 16 October 2022, running for over 600 performances, making it the second-longest running professional production of the show, after only the original London production.^[81]

A semi-staged concert hall production toured Melbourne, Perth, Adelaide and Brisbane from April to June 2021.^[82] A cut-down version of the general plot of the original London version, changes included the movement of "Someone Else's Story" back to Act One and "I Know Him So Well" before "The Deal". It was accompanied by a 26 piece orchestra and 40 person choir. According to the musical director's notes in the program, they tried to stay faithful to the sound, feel and spirit of the concept album, sourcing original keyboard and drum sounds. Although "semi-staged", it had a small set consisting of a chess board^[83] with large pieces representing towns where the tournaments were held, and a dance ensemble, elaborate choreography and lighting.

A two-day concert based mostly on the London version was held at theTheatre Royal, Drury Lane on 1 and 2 August 2022. The show starredSamantha Barks as Florence,Hadley Fraser as Anatoly, Joel Harper-Jackson as Freddie,Frances Mayli McCann as Svetlana,Ako Mitchell as the Arbiter, and Craige Els as Molokov. The show largely followed the plot of the London version, but cut several songs and added "Someone Else's Story" before "Embassy Lament".

On 12 December 2022, a one-night benefit concert for theEntertainment Community Fund played at theBroadhurst Theatre.^[84] Ramin Karimloo reprised his role as Anatoly, joined byDarren Criss as Freddie,Lena Hall as Florence, andSolea Pfeiffer as Svetlana. Bradley Dean, Bryce Pinkham, and Sean Allan Krill reprised their roles of Molokov, The Arbiter, and Walter, respectively. The script used was a revised version of the Kennedy Center book, mostly expanding on Freddie and Anatoly. Anatoly's dissatisfaction with life in the Soviet Union was heightened to contemplating suicide and increased suspicion of Svetlana, and Freddie's schizophrenia was changed to undiagnosedbipolar disorder. A plot point was also added where Florence and Anatoly had already met and had a brief affair at a previous tournament in Rome.

The Muny Opera Theatre inSt. Louis stagedChess as part of their 105th season from 5 to 11 July 2023. The cast featuredJessica Vosk as Florence,Jarrod Spector as Freddie, John Riddle as Anatoly,Taylor Louderman as Svetlana,Rodney Hicks as Walter, Tally Sessions as Molokov, and Phillip Johnson Richardson as the Arbiter. The production was directed and choreographed by Josh Rhodes. The production stuck mostly to the plot of the original London version, but moved several songs around and added some new dialogue scenes. The production was sponsored by theSaint Louis Chess Club and theWorld Chess Hall of Fame, both located close to the theatre.

In 2025 the Stadttheater Baden nearVienna, Austria stagedChess featuringDrew Sarich as Frederick Trumper, Mark Seibert as Anatoly, Femke Soetenga as Florence, andAnn Mandrella as Svetlana. It was directed by Andreas Gergen. In the fall of 2025,Det Ny Teater staged the musical, featuring Thomas Høj Falkenberg as Anatoly, Xenia Lach-Nielsen as Florence, Anders Gjesing as Freddie, Søren Bech-Madsen as Molokov, Frederikke Vedel as Svetlana, Simon Nøiers as the Arbiter, andJon Lange as Walter. The production is set to run from September to December 2025.^[85]

A Broadway revival starsAaron Tveit as Freddie,Lea Michele as Florence, andNicholas Christopher as Anatoly. It is directed byMichael Mayer and features a new book byDanny Strong, with changes built partly on experience from the concerts of the show in 2018 at the Kennedy Center and in 2022 at the Broadhurst Theatre.^[86][87] It began previews on 15 October 2025 at theImperial Theatre, the same theatre as the 1988 production. It is now extended to June 14, 2026, and will release a new cast recording in late 2026.^[88] The cast also includes Hannah Cruz as Svetlana andBradley Dean,Sean Allan Krill, andBryce Pinkham reprising their roles of Molokov, Walter, and the Arbiter, respectively.^[89]

• Anatoly:David Burt
• Florence:Siobhán McCarthy
• Freddie:Anthony Head,Peter Karrie
• Molokov:Kevin Colson,Eric Flynn
• Walter:Eric Flynn,John Turner

Tim Rice has always expressed his desire of adaptingChess for the big screen. In 2003,Kylie Minogue was in talks to play one of the two female parts. She met with Rice in Paris to discuss the script.Jude Law andBrendan Gleeson were discussed as male leads.^{[93][unreliable source?]}

On 10 January 2022, on his podcast "Get Onto My Cloud", Rice stated that in addition to a possible Broadway revival happening soon, he hopes for a film adaptation to follow suit, in part bolstered by the recent success of the chess-focused Netflix miniseriesThe Queen's Gambit.^{[94][time needed][95]}

• ​Chess​ at theInternet Broadway Database
• icethesiteArchived 21 September 2010 at theWayback Machine – Benny Andersson & Björn Ulvaeus news site, including West End and Broadway reviews ofChess
• Plot summary & casting breakdown
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