| Chaytor's Force | |
|---|---|
| Active | 13 August – 31 October 1918 |
| Country | British Empire |
| Allegiance | British Crown |
| Type | Mounted Infantry Infantry Artillery |
| Size | ReinforcedDivision of 11,000 |
| Part of | Desert Mounted Corps Egyptian Expeditionary Force |
| Engagements | First World War |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Edward Chaytor |
Chaytor's Force (13 August – 31 October 1918[1]) named after its commander,Major GeneralEdward Chaytor, was a compositedivision-sized force which served in the BritishEgyptian Expeditionary Force during theSinai and Palestine Campaign of theFirst World War. The force of 11,000 men, consisted of adivision headquarters, threemounted and one infantrybrigades, four independent infantrybattalions and fourartillery batteries[2][3] and was detached from theDesert Mounted Corps for deception operations.[4][nb 1]
Chaytor's Force was formed to deceive theOttoman high command into thinking the whole Desert Mounted Corps was positioned on the British right flank. They created dummy camps, guns positions and horses.[13] Mules were used to drag branches along tracks, making dust, imitating the movement of mounted troops. Each day infantry marched into the Jordan Valley, and was driven out by trucks by night, to suggest a buildup of troops.[14] Later it was primary responsible for the defence of theEgyptian Expeditionary Force's right flank, from the northern end of the Dead Sea to a point 8 miles (13 km) north-west of Jericho where the force touched theXX Corps. Chaytor's Force faced the TurkishFourth Army, until that army was forced to retreat as a consequence of the successes of theBattles of Sharon andNablus.[15]
Chaytor's orders from theGOCEdmund Allenby were to "be vigilant, and ready at any moment to take the offensive". By demonstration and pressure he was to "prevent the enemy withdrawing troops to reinforce other parts of the line or concentrate against the XX Corps; to use every endeavour toprotect the right flank of the XX Corps when it advanced; and, if the Turks reduced their strength in the Jordan valley, he was to advance to the bridge atJisr ed Damieh, and be ready to move east across the Jordan on Es Salt and Amman, where he was to co-operate with the Arabs".[16]
Between 19 and 20 September while the mainBattle of Sharon andattack by XX Corps developed, Chaytor's Force held their right and the Jordan Valley against theFourth Army, while carrying out active demonstrations.[17] The 2nd BattalionBritish West Indies Regiment's advances towards Bakr Ridge were consolidated and continued at dawn on 20 September while the 2nd Light Horse Brigade and Patiala Infantry advanced eastwards across the Jordan Valley towards Shunet Nimrin.[18][19]
On 21 September when the retreat of the Fourth Army had begun, the main line of retreat for the Eighth and Seventh Armies in the Judean Hills east to the Jordan Valley was cut at Kh Fasail by the Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment. They were joined by the remainder of the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade for the attack on Jisr ed Damieh, the main bridge over the Jordan River being used by the retreating Ottoman columns.[20][21][22][23]
On 22 September the headquarters of the Ottoman 53rd Division were captured at El Makhruk and the line of retreat along the Nablus road was cut. With the threat of being overwhelmed by large Ottoman forces withdrawing towards Jisr ed Damieh bridge, the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade and a company of 1st Battalion British West Indies Regiment attacked the bridge with a squadron of Auckland mounted Rifles Regimentcharging across the bridge to pursue and capture many prisoners.[21][24][25]
The fords crossing the River Jordan at Umm esh Shert and Mafid Jozele were also captured on 22 September by the 2nd Battalion British West Indies Regiment with the 3rd Light Horse Regiment after the 38th Royal Fusiliers captured the Mellaha position in the Jordan Valley.[26][27]
Chaytor's Force crossed the Jordan River on their advance toEs Salt on 23 September which was captured in the evening after capturing rearguards.[28][29] Chaytor's Force advanced towards Amman which was attacked and captured on 25 September.[30] AtZiza on 28 September Chaytor's Force captured the Fourth Army's Southern Force.[31][32][33]
The first units from Chaytor's Force had crossed theJordan River on 22 September and by 2 October hadcaptured Amman, taken 10,332prisoners of war, fifty-seven artillery guns, 147 machine guns, eleven railway engines, 106 railway carriages or trucks, and 142 vehicles.[34][35]
Composition of Chaytor's Force in September 1918. All details from MacMunn and Falls (1996), app3, p. 673 unless indicated.[36]
The following units were also attached to Chaytor's Force but are not included in the Official History order of battle:
Also included was a transport echelon of 300 donkeys, seventeen tractors, thirty-four trucks, five ammunition lorries and fourteen supply lorries. TheDesert Mounted Corps and the infantryXX andXXI Corps had by comparison, thirty and 120 ammunition and supply lorries for the mounted corps to sixty and 180 ammunition and supply lorries for the infantry corps.[39]
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