| Charlwood | |
|---|---|
 Charlwoodvillage sign on 'The Rec', with the Rising Sun pub in the background | |
  Charlwood Location withinSurrey | |
| Area | 14.56 km2 (5.62 sq mi) |
| Population | 2,337 (Civil Parish)[1] |
| • Density | 161/km2 (420/sq mi) |
| OS grid reference | TQ2441 |
| • London | 28 mi (45 km)N |
| Civil parish |
|
| District | |
| Shire county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Horley |
| Postcode district | RH6 |
| Dialling code | 01293 |
| Police | Surrey |
| Fire | Surrey |
| Ambulance | South East Coast |
| UK Parliament | |
| 51°09′22″N0°13′23″W / 51.156°N 0.223°W /51.156; -0.223 | |
Charlwood is a village andcivil parish in theMole Valley district of Surrey, England. It is immediately north-west ofLondon Gatwick Airport inWest Sussex, close west ofHorley and north ofCrawley. Thehistoric county boundary between Surrey and Sussex ran to the south of Gatwick Airport. Boundaries were reformed in 1974 with the county boundary between Surrey and West Sussex, delineated by theSussex Border Path, running along the northern perimeter of the airport, and the southern extent of Charlwood.
A narrow ridge ofSussex Marble runs through the west of the parish,[2] where it is followed for a distance by theSussex Border Path. Elevations range from 60 to 140 metres (200 feet to 460 feet)above sea level.[3] No dual carriageways bisect the area andLondon Gatwick Airport has its perimeter immediately to the south-west.
| Climate data for Charlwood (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.8 (46.0) | 8.4 (47.1) | 11.2 (52.2) | 14.5 (58.1) | 17.7 (63.9) | 20.8 (69.4) | 23.1 (73.6) | 22.7 (72.9) | 19.5 (67.1) | 15.3 (59.5) | 11.1 (52.0) | 8.2 (46.8) | 15.0 (59.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) | 1.4 (34.5) | 2.7 (36.9) | 4.2 (39.6) | 7.1 (44.8) | 9.9 (49.8) | 11.9 (53.4) | 11.8 (53.2) | 9.5 (49.1) | 7.1 (44.8) | 3.9 (39.0) | 1.7 (35.1) | 6.1 (43.0) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 90.3 (3.56) | 64.4 (2.54) | 53.6 (2.11) | 52.4 (2.06) | 54.8 (2.16) | 50.6 (1.99) | 54.7 (2.15) | 60.4 (2.38) | 64.7 (2.55) | 94.3 (3.71) | 97.1 (3.82) | 95.9 (3.78) | 833.6 (32.82) |
| Average rainy days(≥ 1 mm) | 13.1 | 10.8 | 9.4 | 9.7 | 8.9 | 8.7 | 8.4 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 12.5 | 13.1 | 12.8 | 126.2 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 53.4 | 75.4 | 119.3 | 171.4 | 206.3 | 209.7 | 215.9 | 199.0 | 156.0 | 110.6 | 65.2 | 45.8 | 1,628.4 |
| Source:Met Office[4] | |||||||||||||
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The village anciently lay within theReigate Hundred. Its variant spellings from such medieval records as theFeet of fines include: Cherlewude (13th century); Cherlwude (that century and the next, when Chorlwode also appeared). After this Charlewood appears commonly in 18th-century records.[2]
The place is not mentioned in theDomesday Book of 1086, and was probably a forest district of themanor ofMerstham, Surrey which until shortly after 1911 reached into the parish. In the medieval period this was held byChristchurch Priory. About 1890 a vessel ofPaludina Limestone (Sussex 'marble') was found on the estate of Mr. Young, Stan Hill/Stanhill, which the finders regarded as an ancientfont, but which was perhaps a stone mortar.[2] Charlwood Place is a 16th-century listedmoated house situated on the northwestern perimeter of the village.[6] The mother ofJohn Pitseus, arecusant Bishop in France, lived there.[2]
A historiccricket match was held in Charlwood in June 1741. This wasSurrey vLondon and won by the county team. The match is the only time that Charlwood features in surviving cricket records.[7]
Totalenclosure (of thecommon land) took place in phases: in 1843, 1844 and 1854, including of Johnson's Common and White's Common, once said to be infertile land.Lowfield Heath was in the parish and was enclosed in 1846.[2] Charlwood'scottage hospital opened in 1873 but was closed in 1911. Charlwood Boys' School was built in 1840. Charlwood Girls' and Infants' School was built in 1852 and enlarged in 1893.[2]
Lowfield Heath School was built in 1868.Gatwick Racecourse, opened in 1891, after the closing of the Croydon Racecourse atWoodside, Croydon.[8]
A move of Charlwood from Surrey toWest Sussex was included in theLocal Government Act 1974. This was prevented by theCharlwood and Horley Act 1974,[9] ensuring it stayed in Surrey.
Charlwood is in theMole Valley District which co-administers local services withSurrey County Council. Additional local amenities are provided, with Hookwood, by its(civil) parish council.[10]
Charlwood's western limestoneescarpment is the home of this windmill, which was moved from the village ofLowfield Heath when it was threatened with demolition in the 1970s, part of which took place to that village to accommodate Gatwick Airport's growth.[11]
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St Nicholas's is aGrade I listed building with intactNorman era stones.[12] It has a particularly historically significant series of murals on the south wall of thechancel, contemporary with the south aisle which has been dated as c. 1300.[13] These include scenes from the story ofSt Margaret andSt Nicholas, amongst others.[13]
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Providence Chapel, a Grade II* listed building, stands on a lane to the north of the village. The weatherboarded single-storey building was re-erected there in 1816 after being moved fromHorsham, where it served as anofficers' mess during the Napoleonic Wars.[14] It was used as aNonconformist chapel for almost 200 years, but was put up for sale in 2012.
It was bought by the Providence Chapel Charlwood Trust and restored with the aid of a grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund.[15]
Gatwick Aviation Museum is located on the northwestern corner of Gatwick Airport. Started in 1987 as a private collection, the museum became a registered charity in 1999.[16]
The museum has a varied collection of aircraft, aircraft engines and over 500 aircraft models, and also has displays and artefacts related to local aviation history particularlyGatwick Airport.
The museum andCentral Sussex College cooperate to provide practical training for the students taking aerospace courses.[17]
The village is centred on the "rec", which comprises: a redeveloped children's playground, a sports pavilion, pitches of Charlwood F.C., who currently[when?] play intermediate football in the Mid Sussex Championship, and the Sunday side Charlwood Village F.C., as well as a cricket pitch used byIfield Cricket Club.
In August 2019,YouTube channel "Bunch of Amateurs" began a series based around the Saturday football side namedCharlwood FC Uncovered. The series follows the club and manager Peter Barkley and showcases what happens behind the scenes of a typical non-league English football club.[18]
The village had its own cricket club, which closed in 2002. The ground is now used by Ifield Cricket Club.[citation needed]
The village has its ownprimary school,[19] expanded from aninfant school in 2016.[20]
Charlwood is also home to the John Bristow and Thomas Mason Trust, which has its earliest origins in Charlwood's first school established in the early 17th-century,[21] This building is still intact and owned by the Trust.
The village has two hotels and severalBed and Breakfasts.
The hotels include Stanhill Court,[22] built in 1881 as the home of William Young, a member ofLloyd's of London.[23] In 1986 William Young's great-granddaughter converted the building into an 11 bedroom hotel. The hotel was subsequently sold and increased in bedroom and function room capacity with an additional wing.
Glover's Wood, aSite of Special Scientific Interest is wholly within the west of Charlwood, and is noted for itsbluebell displays in springtime.
Hookwood51°10′01″N0°11′10″W / 51.167°N 0.186°W /51.167; -0.186 is aclustered semi-agricultural 'village' in many contemporary definitions which is to the east starting at the southern tip of theA217, between Charlwood's centre andHorley. Hookwood Common was mentioned as 'still open ground' by the county topographer H. E. Malden in 1911, in the relevantVictoria County History. He also records that the misses Sanders who co-owned Hookwood House belonged to the old Sanders family of Charlwood.[2] It is the most projecting settled part of the parish and its nearest amenities are equidistant, either those of economically important Horley or the smaller, more traditional amenities of Charlwood.
Russ Hill51°08′56″N0°14′28″W / 51.149°N 0.241°W /51.149; -0.241 is the area to the south west, a semi-agricultural and semi-wooded upland area which has the largest hotel in the civil parish of Charlwood. Reflecting its woodland, the statistical area extended to Norwood Hill (see below). Together these outlying parts had a population of 416 across 8.63 square kilometres (3.33 sq mi) as at the 2011 UK Census.[24]
Norwood Hill51°10′37″N0°13′37″W / 51.177°N 0.227°W /51.177; -0.227 is spread around a crossroads, closest to which is a pub. It is to the north and shares its single statistical output area with Russ Hill above. It has nearest access to the basic amenities of Charlwood in the same way, as well as the much larger amenities of Horley to the east of the parish in social and leisure and employment of Horley and theBorough of Crawley in terms of its economy other than farming and retirement properties which together accounted for a minority of the population as at the 2011 Census.[24]
| Output area | Detached | Semi-detached | Terraced | Flats and apartments | Caravans/temporary/mobile homes | shared between households[1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Civil Parish) | 379 | 302 | 167 | 56 | 7 | 0 |
The average level of accommodation in the region composed of detached houses was 28%, the average that was apartments was 22.6%.
| Output area | Population | Households | % Owned outright | % Owned with a loan | hectares[1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Civil Parish) | 2,326 | 911 | 29.6% | 44.9% | 1,456 |
The proportion of households in the civil parish which owned their home outright compares to the regional average of 35.1%. The proportion which owned their home with a loan compares to the regional average of 32.5%. The remaining % is made up of rented dwellings (plus a negligible % of households living rent-free).
Neighbouring areas of Surrey and Sussex | |
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